Growth, Differentiation and Sexuality

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Septation in Fungi 107 Table. 6.1. Genomic comparison of filamentous fungal genome sequences, with Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins shown to localize to the bud neck a A. gossypii N. crassa S. cerevisiae Bud site selection AGR251C (0.0) None YPR122W AXL1 AER417W (e-126) NCU04601.1 (e-027) YIL140W AXL2 ABR021W (0.0) NCU03852.1 (e-044) YKL092C BUD2 AAL016C (0.0) NCU06579.1 (e-004) YCL014W BUD3 AGL306C (e-093) NCU00152.1 (e-019) YJR092W BUD4 AFR630C (e-023) None YCR038C BUD5 AFR495C (e-159) NCU08468.1 (e-046) YLR319C BUD6 ACL193C (e-019) None YLR353W, YGR041W BUD8, BUD9 AFR532W (e-076) NCU08343.1 (e-021) YOR301W RAX1 AGR095W (0.0) Bud emergence/cell polarity NCU03045.1 (e-045) YLR084C RAX2 AEL241W (e-146) NCU06593.1 (e-057) YBR200W BEM1 AGR144C (0.0) None YER155C BEM2 AGR230W (e-171) NCU02524.1 (e-042) YPL115C BEM3 AGL293C (e-073) NCU06648.1 (e-045) YBL085W, YER114C BOI1, BOI2 AAR145W (e-122) NCU07481.1 (e-029) YOR188W MSB1 ADR232W (e-073) NCU06668.1 (e-021) YKR090W PXL1 ACR205W (e-086) NCU07688.1 (e-026) YOR127W RGA1 AFR616W (0.0) NCU00553.1 (e-032) YBR260C RGD1 ABR241C (0.0) NCU09537.1 (e-104) YFL047W RGD2 AFR585W (0.0) NCU00668.1 (e-133) YLR371W ROM2 ADL022C (e-066) Transport/secretion NCU03115.1 (e-019) YLL021W, YLR313C SPA2, SPH1 AGR027C (e-140) None YBR059C AKL1 ADR342C (e-173) NCU05232.1 (e-101) YJR005W APL1 ADL302W (0.0) NCU03440.1 (e-083) YBL037W APL3 ADR315W (e-117) NCU09673.1 (e-092) YOL062C APM4 AFL161C (e-152) NCU06362.1 (e-040), YMR192W, YPL249C APP2, GYP5 NCU08499.1 (e-056) AFR370C (e-054) NCU07989.1 (e-039) YJR058C APS2 AFR100W (e-175) NCU08012.1 (e-035) YJL085W EXO70 ADL321W (e-155) NCU06631.1 (e-024) YBR102C EXO84 AEL201W (e-173) NCU04514.1 (e-072) YNL293w, YOL112W MSB3, MSB4 ABR115C (e-003), None YNR049C MSO1 syntenic homolog ADR354W (0.0) NCU01440.1 (0.0) YOR326W, YAL029C MYO2, MYO4 ACR191C (0.0) NCU06544.1 (e-131) YBL105C PKC1 AGL162C (0.0) NCU08312.1 (e-057) YDR164C SEC1 AGL130C (0.0) NCU09313.1 (e-063) YLR166C SEC10 AFR251C (0.0) NCU00117.1 (e-040) YGL233W SEC15 AFR670W (e-132) NCU01911.1 (e-013) YNL272C SEC2 ADR012C (e-122) NCU09869.1 (e-017) YER008C SEC3 AGL158C (0.0) NCU07698.1 (e-031) YDR166C SEC5 ACL047W (0.0) NCU03341.1 (e-051) YIL068C SEC6 ADL317C (0.0) NCU04190.1 (e-046) YPR055W SEC8 Septins and their regulation AFR027C(e-031) None YNL166C BNI5 AAR001C (e-137) NCU03515.1 (e-109) YCR002C CDC10 AER445C (e-150) NCU02464.1 (e-072) YJR076C CDC11 AER238C (e-169) NCU03795.1 (e-127) YHR107C CDC12 AFR111C (e-149) NCU08297.1 (e-104) YLR314c CDC3 ABR088C (e-051) None YKL048C ELM1 AFR696C (0.0) None YDR507C, YCL024W GIN4, KCC4 ABL034W (0.0) NCU09064.1 (e-092) YKL101W HSL1 ABR110W (e-158) NCU01613.1 (e-073) YBR133C HSL7 ABL159W (e-168) None YDL225W SHS1/SEP7
108 J. Wendland and A. Walther Table. 6.1. (continued) A. gossypii N. crassa S. cerevisiae Mitotic exit AFR035W (0.0) NCU03242.1 (e-053), NCU07296.1 (e-146) YNL161W CBK1 ACL006W (0.0) NCU09258.1 (e-063) YMR001C CDC5 ADR033W (0.0) NCU09071.1 (e-135) YGR092W, YPR111W DBF2, DBF20 ADL149W (e-170) NCU00622.1 (e-056) YHR158C, YGR238C KEL1, KEL2 ACR292W (0.0) NCU03379.1 (e-041) YAL024C LTE1 ADR317C (e-175) NCU00978.1 (e-072) YDL028C MPS1 AER425W (e-007), syntenic homolog None YNL078W NIS1 Actin ring formation and cytokinesis AFR669W (0.0) NCU01431.1 (e-085) YNL271C BNI1 ABL200W (e-062) NCU00064.1 (e-014) YNL233W BNI4 AFR027C (e-031) None YNL166C BNI5 AFR301C (e-118) None YIL159W BNR1 ABL153W (0.0) NCU04251.1 (0.0) YNL192W CHS1 AEL190W (0.0) NCU05239.1 (0.0) YBR038W CHS2 AEL189W (0.0) NCU09324.1 (0.0), YBR023C CHS3 NCU04350.1 (e-122) ACR227W (e-156) NCU02351.1 (e-032), NCU02592.1 (e-042), NCU09322.1 (e-076) YBL061C SKT5/CHS4 ADL288C (0.0) NCU04095.1 (e-045) YDL117W CYK3 ABR082W (e-080) NCU04763.1 (e-017) YMR032W HOF1/CYK2 AFL150C (0.0) NCU03116.1 (e-048) YPL242C IQG1/CYK1 AFL030C (e-051) NCU06617.1 (e-024) YGL106W MLC1 AEL280W (e-022) None YPR188C MLC2 ACR068W (0.0) NCU00551.1 (0.0) YHR023W MYO1 a Ashbya gossypii sequences correspond to the systematic nomenclature (http://agd.unibas.ch/); Neurospora crassa sequences correspond to the genome annotation available at http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/fungi/neurospora_crassa _7/index.html. Values in brackets indicate the e-values generated by using BLAST-P of the fungal sequences against the S. cerevisiae protein. An e-value of 0.0 indicates very high sequence identity. Syntenic homology (conserved chromosomal gene order of homologs) between Ashbya and S. cerevisiae genes was used to indicate homology, despite low e-value blast scores. E-values from Ashbya to S. cerevisiae comparisons were found to be higher than those of N. crassa to S. cerevisiae comparisons, reflecting the closer relationship of the former species pair Bud8p and Bud5p (Roemer et al. 1996; Kang et al. 2001, 2004a). B. Placement of the Site of Cell Division in Schizosaccharomyces pombe Thecleavageplane,andthustheseptumposition in S. pombe is selected in a manner similar to that of animal cells, which has made S. pombe amodel organism to study cell division. However, in animal cells, selection of the cleavage plane is dependent on spindle microtubules forming a structure termed ‘midbody’, whereas in S. pombe the mitotic spindle can be disrupted without interfering with the selection of the septal site (Chang et al. 1996). This may reflect a difference in nuclear division, which occurs as a closed mitosis in S. pombe, in which the nuclear envelope is not broken down (Chang 2001). In S. pombe, positioning of the nucleus is important for the placement of the division site, since mispositioning of the nucleus is followed by an aberrant localization of the division plane (Chang and Nurse 1996; Chang et al. 1996; Tran et al. 2001). TheMid1/Dmf1proteinwasshowntoplayanessential role in the positioning of the cleavage plane, and may encode a landmark protein defining the septal site (Sohrmann et al. 1998). Mutants of mid1 are still able to form actin rings, but the positioning of the ring is randomized at different angles. Mid1p is localized in the nucleus in interphase cells but exits the nucleus upon phosphorylation during mitosis, regulated via the polo-like kinase Plo1 (Ohkura et al. 1995; Bähler et al. 1998; Fig. 6.1B). Mid1p then forms a band on the cell cortex in the vicinity of the nucleus, and this localization is dependent on the position of the nucleus, since nuclear po-
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The Mycota Edited by K. Esser
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The Mycota A Comprehensive Treatise
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Karl Esser (born 1924) is retired P
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VIII Series Preface Class: Saccharo
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Addendum to the Series Preface In e
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XIV Volume Preface to the First Edi
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XVI Volume Preface to the Second Ed
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XVIII Contents Reproductive Process
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XX List of Contributors André Flei
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Vegetative Processes and Growth
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4 K.J. Boyce and A. Andrianopoulos
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22 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. I
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24 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. F
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26 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. 2
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28 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. M
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30 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. a
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32 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. t
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34 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. H
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36 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. T
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38 S.D. Harris dle organization tha
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40 S.D. Harris 2001; Borkovich et a
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42 S.D. Harris terized in A. nidula
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44 S.D. Harris astral microtubules
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46 S.D. Harris entry, and the CDK N
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48 S.D. Harris and Hamer 1997), the
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50 S.D. Harris Murray AW (2004) Rec
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4 Apical Wall Biogenesis J.H. Siets
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fungi can be regarded as “tube-dw
Page 74 and 75: In agreement with an essential role
Page 76 and 77: Kopecka and Gabriel 1992). They als
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Page 86 and 87: pling of two (1-3)-alpha-glucan seg
Page 88 and 89: Sietsma JH, Wessels JGH (1977) Chem
Page 90 and 91: 5 The Fungal Cell Wall J.P. Latgé
Page 92 and 93: polymers (chitosan) and glucuronic
Page 94 and 95: Whereas the structural branched β1
Page 96 and 97: their structural role in the cell w
Page 98 and 99: eight chitin synthases of A. fumiga
Page 100 and 101: Characterization of the chs4 mutant
Page 102 and 103: Fig. 5.8. Experimental data and hyp
Page 104 and 105: Fig. 5.9. Elongation of the mannan
Page 106 and 107: end of linear β1,3 glucans, and tr
Page 108 and 109: Fig. 5.12. Signal transduction in f
Page 110 and 111: shock,lowosmolarityaswellasotherfac
Page 112 and 113: ditions. Accordingly, enzymes and r
Page 114 and 115: Calonge TM, Arellano M, Coll PM, Pe
Page 116 and 117: Hiura N, Nakajima T, Matsuda K (198
Page 118 and 119: Martin-Yken H, Dagkessamanskaia A,
Page 120 and 121: Saporito-Irwin SM, Birse CE, Sypher
Page 122 and 123: 6 Septation and Cytokinesis in Fung
Page 126 and 127: Fig. 6.1. Selection of a cell divis
Page 128 and 129: Calderone, Chap. 5, this volume, an
Page 130 and 131: permissive temperature, multiple se
Page 132 and 133: eports suggested such a function fo
Page 134 and 135: understood mechanism of mitotic exi
Page 136 and 137: Implication in cytokinesis in Sacch
Page 138 and 139: Trinci APJ, Morris NR (1979) Morpho
Page 140 and 141: 124 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner ter
Page 142 and 143: 126 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner 188
Page 144 and 145: 128 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner Fig
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Page 154 and 155: 138 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner Mat
Page 156 and 157: 8 Heterogenic Incompatibility in Fu
Page 158 and 159: Fungal Heterogenic Incompatibility
Page 160 and 161: B. Genetic Control The genetic back
Page 162 and 163: active phenotype het-s. The neutral
Page 164 and 165: Table. 8.1. (continued) Fungal Hete
Page 166 and 167: is a complex genetic trait controll
Page 168 and 169: indicate how speciation may be init
Page 170 and 171: ility controlled by multiple allele
Page 172 and 173: dependonthematingtypegenes,wasobser
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6. Relation with Histo-Incompatibil
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Semi-Incompatibilität. Z Indukt Ab
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Micali CO, Smith ML (2003) On the i
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Vilgalys RJ, Miller OK (1987) Matin
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168 B.C.K. Lu (Esser et al. 1980; K
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170 B.C.K. Lu enterthePCDpathway,wi
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172 B.C.K. Lu et al. 2004). It is l
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174 B.C.K. Lu (MMP), through ruptur
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176 B.C.K. Lu Fig. 9.1. Effects of
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178 B.C.K. Lu drial fission during
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180 B.C.K. Lu Although the cytologi
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182 B.C.K. Lu be arrested at diffus
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184 B.C.K. Lu Harris MH, Thompson C
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186 B.C.K. Lu oxygen species, in Kl
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10 Senescence and Longevity H.D. Os
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the amplification of plDNA is not a
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GRISEA is an orthologue of the yeas
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Fig. 10.3. Copper delivery to the c
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have been identified, for example,
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Kück U, Stahl U, Esser K (1981) Pl
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Signals in Growth and Development
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204 U. Ugalde II. Germination The p
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206 U. Ugalde Fig. 11.2.A-C Drawing
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208 U. Ugalde duction (Schimmel et
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210 U. Ugalde position, possibly in
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212 U. Ugalde Champe SP, Rao P, Cha
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12 Pheromone Action in the Fungal G
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sibly due to displacement of the hy
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all these compounds, the B-derivate
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shows the same activity in M. muced
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C. Oomycota In the non-mycotan phyl
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following sequence of events has be
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the standard Mendelian segregation
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Elliott CG, Knights BA (1981) Uptak
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constitutively transcribed but its
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234 L.M. Corrochano and P. Galland
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Reproductive Processes
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264 R. Fischer and U. Kües 2. Chla
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266 R. Fischer and U. Kües resourc
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268 R. Fischer and U. Kües ular le
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270 R. Fischer and U. Kües pathway
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272 R. Fischer and U. Kües and con
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274 R. Fischer and U. Kües Timberl
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276 R. Fischer and U. Kües PsiB le
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278 R. Fischer and U. Kües Table.
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280 R. Fischer and U. Kües tein ki
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282 R. Fischer and U. Kües nitroge
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284 R. Fischer and U. Kües tion, t
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286 R. Fischer and U. Kües Busch S
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288 R. Fischer and U. Kües Jeffs L
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290 R. Fischer and U. Kües Pöggel
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292 R. Fischer and U. Kües Yamashi
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294 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon tha
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296 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon loc
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298 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon Tab
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300 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon Fig
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302 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon mai
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304 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon mol
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306 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon gen
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308 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon int
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310 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon Fig
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312 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon pro
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314 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon B.
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316 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon 2.
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318 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon in
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320 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon be
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322 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon Lee
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16 Fruiting-Body Development in Asc
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phae originating from the base of a
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Table. 16.1. (continued) Fruiting B
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(Raju 1992). When male-sterile muta
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1. nsd (never in sexual development
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egular intervals; both effects requ
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the balance between sexual and asex
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ductionofeitherpheromoneisdirectlyc
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(Catlett et al. 2003). Eleven genes
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negative mutation of KREV-1 resulte
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through MAP kinase modules to cell-
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The fact that fruiting-body formati
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Balestrini R, Mainieri D, Soragni E
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point mutation of the beta subunit
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Mitchell TK, Dean RA (1995) The cAM
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YamashiroCT,EbboleDJ,LeeBU,BrownRE,
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358 L.A. Casselton and M.P. Challen
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376 M. Feldbrügge et al. different
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378 M. Feldbrügge et al. Fig. 18.3
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380 M. Feldbrügge et al. et al. 20
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382 M. Feldbrügge et al. for unbia
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384 M. Feldbrügge et al. In U. may
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386 M. Feldbrügge et al. Neurospor
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388 M. Feldbrügge et al. Bernards
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390 M. Feldbrügge et al. O’Donne
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19 The Emergence of Fruiting Bodies
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2003; Kües et al. 2004) are the fi
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(Manachère 1988), C. cinereus (Tsu
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emergence of fruiting bodies. In th
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Rather, development is arrested in
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10 nm thick is highly insoluble and
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it has been suggested that hydropho
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expression in the stipe suggests th
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Cooper DNW, Boulianne RP, Charlton
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Lu BC (1974) Meiosis in Coprinus. R
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Takagi Y, Katayose Y, Shishido K (1
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20 Meiosis in Mycelial Fungi D. Zic
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Fig. 20.1. A-E Diagrammatic represe
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etween dispersed DNA repeats. In N.
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Fig. 20.2. Meiotic recombination. S
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mechanism whereby homologues locate
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An important component of the bouqu
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observed when the mammal LE compone
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A. Chromosome and Sister-Chromatid
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ascus plus ascospore morphogenesis
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syndrome)discoveredasageneinvolvedi
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Kitajima TS, Kawashima SA, Watanabe
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Rossignol J-L, Faugeron G (1995) MI
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Biosystematic Index Absidia glauca
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violaceum 153 Microsporum 149 Mimos
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Subject Index ABC transporter 382 a
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fluffy 270, 276 formin 8, 10, 13, 1
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MAT protein interaction 308, 315 ma
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sporangiophore 234, 242, 246-252, 2
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