Growth, Differentiation and Sexuality

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fluffy 270, 276 formin 8, 10, 13, 129–131, 133 fragmentation zone 384 fruiting 402 dikaryotic 399, 400 gene 397, 399–401, 405, 407, 408 haploid 399, 401 homokaryon 400 homokaryotic 399 fruiting body 244, 265, 282, 283, 316, 318, 325–331, 333– 348, 393–395, 404, 408 formation 394–397, 399–403, 405, 407 initial 394 primordium 394, 395, 397, 405, 406 fucose 56, 74 fucosterol 217, 224, 225 G-coupled 398 G-protein 128–130, 348 β subunit 270 coupled receptor 269 Gα subunit 270, 271 GTPase 270 heterotrimeric 280, 342, 396 receptor 398 regulator of G-protein signalling 342, 401 Rho-, Ras- <strong>and</strong> Rac-type 272 small 272 galactose 56 gametes 215–218 gene 227 abaA 273 apsA 276 apsB 276 brlA 273 clp1 370 con-10 277 con-11 277 con-13 277 con-6 277 con-8 277 cyaA 272 duplication 106 eas 277 fadA 270, 272 FlbA 284 flbA 270 fluffy 272 fluG 271 fusion 296, 312 ganB 271 GFA1 58 gprA 270 gprB 270 gprD 269 hsp70 226 hsp90 226 medA 274 nsdD 269 opsin 270 phiA 274 photoactivation 235, 236, 238, 241 ras 272 rodA 274 Subject Index 445 sfaD 270 SteC 271 StuA 274 TDH 222 thn 284 transcription 242, 243, 336 TSP1 222 genetic variation 266 genome 300, 305, 316, 320 germ tube 125, 131 germination 7, 9, 11, 12, 131, 204, 205, 211 germling fusion 125–131 gills 395 glucan 55–57, 59–62, 66, 67, 346 α(1,3)-glucan 77, 85 AGS 86 α1,3 glucanase 88 composition of cell wall 76 synthesis 85, 86 β(1,6)-glucan composition of cell wall 78 synthesis 86 β-(1,3)-glucan 74, 407 β1,3 glucanase 87, 88 branching 77, 88 composition of cell wall 75 FKS 84 Rho1 84, 85 synthesis 83–85 β-(1,3)/β(1,6)-glucan 407 β-(1,6)-glucanohydrolase 407 (1,3)-α-glucan 407 R-glucan 407 glucoamylase 407 glucosamine 55–58, 61, 66 glucosaminoglycan 56, 59 glucose 55, 56, 59–61 glucuronic acid 55, 56, 75 GPI protein 79 GPI-anchor 60 gravimorphogenesis 245, 249 gravisusceptor 246 buoyancy 246, 250 flexure 249 lipid globules 250 nuclei 248 octahedral crystals 250 statoliths 246, 248 vacuole 248 gravitropism 233, 245, 246, 250, 252 calcium 250, 251 clinostat 250 cytoskeleton 250 differential growth 248 exponential law 251 flotation 246, 247 gravisusceptor 248 gravitropic latency 250 gravitropic threshold 247, 250 gravity-induced absorbance changes 250 mutant 250, 251 photogravitropic equilibrium 251 presentation time 248 reaction time 248
446 Subject Index sine law 247, 251 weightlessness 249 gravity 233, 245, 249, 252, 334 GRISEA 192, 193, 196 grisea 193, 194 GTP 59, 64 GTPase module 106, 116 GTPase-activating protein 106 guanine nucleotide exchange factor 6, 377, 383, 384 Hülle cells 210, 330, 332, 345 haemolysin aegerolysin 406 ostreolysin 406 pleurotolysin 406 haemolytic activity 406 haustoria 134 heat-shock 271 het-genes function of 146 modifier mutants 146 heterodimer 362, 364, 365, 368–370, 380–382, 384 heterodimerisation 362, 365, 368 heterogenic 141 heterogenic incompatibility genetic control 145 physiological expression 145 heterokaryon 123, 124, 130, 131, 133, 393, 397 incompatibility 167, 172, 179 heterokaryotic 393 heterothallic 266, 326, 331, 332, 338, 339, 358, 367, 393 heterothallism 293 heterotrimeric G-protein 378 hexen-1-ol 205 histidine kinases 130 histone deacetylase 383 HMG 295, 296, 298–302, 307–311, 315, 317, 318 box protein 378 HOG pathway 90, 91 homeodomain protein 364, 398 homobasidiomycete 357, 362, 366 homogenic incompatibility 141, 142 bipolar mechanism 144 homokaryon 397–400 homokaryotic 393 homothallic 266, 326, 331, 332, 358, 367, 393 homothallism 294 Oomycete 225 Zygomycete 221 hormone A 223 α 224, 227 B 223 HPG 298, 299, 301, 308, 309, 318 hsp-90 226 humidity 267 hydrogen 58 hydrogen bonds 59, 60 hydrophobin 264, 347, 382, 401, 404 expression 401–403 function 402–405 self-assembly 403 hymenium 395, 404 hyphal branching 236, 237, 242 fusion 123–135, 343, 344 knot 397, 405 network 123, 134 tip 13 idiomorph 151 crossover 302, 312 definition 295 deletion 315, 317, 318 features 298, 299 size 296, 298 incompatibility factor 397 indeterminate growth 395 intercalary growth 395 intersterility groups 154 IQGAP 111–113 isoprenoid 218, 219 isovaleric acid 205 karyogamy 417–419 killer phenomenon 157 killer-resistant (KRE) mutants 59 kinase 279, 280 cAMP-dependent 271, 341, 343 histidine 341 MAP-kinase 271 MAPKKK 271 mitogen-activated 343 Pho85 267 PhoA 267 PkaA 272 kinesin 43, 55, 386, 387 laccase 406 l<strong>and</strong>mark protein 106, 110 lateral transfer 312 lectin 347 expression 405 galectins 405 specificity 404, 405 life cycle 263, 264 light 234, 239, 242, 244, 335 blue 234, 235, 237–245, 267, 282 effect 234, 236–238, 240, 243, 244 red 234, 239–241, 267 regulation 234, 243, 245 threshold 234, 242 linoleic acid 208, 209 lipid-rafts 110 lysophospholipids 406 lysosome 167, 178, 180 macroconidia 327 mannan 74 composition of cell wall 74 synthesis 86, 87 mannoproteins 55, 66 mannose 55, 56 MAP-kinase 131, 133 pathway 90, 129, 130, 271, 283 MAPKKK 271 SakA 271 MAPK 343, 344, 367–369
Page 2 and 3:
The Mycota Edited by K. Esser
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The Mycota A Comprehensive Treatise
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Karl Esser (born 1924) is retired P
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VIII Series Preface Class: Saccharo
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Addendum to the Series Preface In e
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XIV Volume Preface to the First Edi
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XVI Volume Preface to the Second Ed
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XVIII Contents Reproductive Process
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XX List of Contributors André Flei
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Vegetative Processes and Growth
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4 K.J. Boyce and A. Andrianopoulos
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22 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. I
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24 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. F
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26 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. 2
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28 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. M
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30 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. a
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32 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. t
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34 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. H
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36 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. T
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38 S.D. Harris dle organization tha
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40 S.D. Harris 2001; Borkovich et a
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42 S.D. Harris terized in A. nidula
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44 S.D. Harris astral microtubules
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46 S.D. Harris entry, and the CDK N
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48 S.D. Harris and Hamer 1997), the
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50 S.D. Harris Murray AW (2004) Rec
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4 Apical Wall Biogenesis J.H. Siets
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fungi can be regarded as “tube-dw
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In agreement with an essential role
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Kopecka and Gabriel 1992). They als
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nearly all the label was present in
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ingredients such as wall components
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in membrane enlargement and exocyto
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sis occurs, coinciding with a gradi
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pling of two (1-3)-alpha-glucan seg
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Sietsma JH, Wessels JGH (1977) Chem
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5 The Fungal Cell Wall J.P. Latgé
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polymers (chitosan) and glucuronic
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Whereas the structural branched β1
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their structural role in the cell w
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eight chitin synthases of A. fumiga
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Characterization of the chs4 mutant
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Fig. 5.8. Experimental data and hyp
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Fig. 5.9. Elongation of the mannan
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end of linear β1,3 glucans, and tr
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Fig. 5.12. Signal transduction in f
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shock,lowosmolarityaswellasotherfac
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ditions. Accordingly, enzymes and r
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Calonge TM, Arellano M, Coll PM, Pe
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Hiura N, Nakajima T, Matsuda K (198
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Martin-Yken H, Dagkessamanskaia A,
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Saporito-Irwin SM, Birse CE, Sypher
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6 Septation and Cytokinesis in Fung
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Septation in Fungi 107 Table. 6.1.
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Fig. 6.1. Selection of a cell divis
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Calderone, Chap. 5, this volume, an
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permissive temperature, multiple se
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eports suggested such a function fo
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understood mechanism of mitotic exi
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Implication in cytokinesis in Sacch
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Trinci APJ, Morris NR (1979) Morpho
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124 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner ter
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126 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner 188
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128 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner Fig
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130 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner sub
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132 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner dur
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134 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner G1
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136 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner Bri
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138 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner Mat
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8 Heterogenic Incompatibility in Fu
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Fungal Heterogenic Incompatibility
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B. Genetic Control The genetic back
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active phenotype het-s. The neutral
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Table. 8.1. (continued) Fungal Hete
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is a complex genetic trait controll
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indicate how speciation may be init
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ility controlled by multiple allele
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dependonthematingtypegenes,wasobser
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6. Relation with Histo-Incompatibil
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Semi-Incompatibilität. Z Indukt Ab
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Micali CO, Smith ML (2003) On the i
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Vilgalys RJ, Miller OK (1987) Matin
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168 B.C.K. Lu (Esser et al. 1980; K
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170 B.C.K. Lu enterthePCDpathway,wi
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172 B.C.K. Lu et al. 2004). It is l
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174 B.C.K. Lu (MMP), through ruptur
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176 B.C.K. Lu Fig. 9.1. Effects of
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178 B.C.K. Lu drial fission during
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180 B.C.K. Lu Although the cytologi
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182 B.C.K. Lu be arrested at diffus
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184 B.C.K. Lu Harris MH, Thompson C
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186 B.C.K. Lu oxygen species, in Kl
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10 Senescence and Longevity H.D. Os
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the amplification of plDNA is not a
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GRISEA is an orthologue of the yeas
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Fig. 10.3. Copper delivery to the c
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have been identified, for example,
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Kück U, Stahl U, Esser K (1981) Pl
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Signals in Growth and Development
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204 U. Ugalde II. Germination The p
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206 U. Ugalde Fig. 11.2.A-C Drawing
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208 U. Ugalde duction (Schimmel et
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210 U. Ugalde position, possibly in
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212 U. Ugalde Champe SP, Rao P, Cha
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12 Pheromone Action in the Fungal G
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sibly due to displacement of the hy
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all these compounds, the B-derivate
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shows the same activity in M. muced
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C. Oomycota In the non-mycotan phyl
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following sequence of events has be
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the standard Mendelian segregation
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Elliott CG, Knights BA (1981) Uptak
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constitutively transcribed but its
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234 L.M. Corrochano and P. Galland
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Reproductive Processes
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264 R. Fischer and U. Kües 2. Chla
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266 R. Fischer and U. Kües resourc
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268 R. Fischer and U. Kües ular le
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270 R. Fischer and U. Kües pathway
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272 R. Fischer and U. Kües and con
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274 R. Fischer and U. Kües Timberl
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276 R. Fischer and U. Kües PsiB le
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278 R. Fischer and U. Kües Table.
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280 R. Fischer and U. Kües tein ki
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282 R. Fischer and U. Kües nitroge
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284 R. Fischer and U. Kües tion, t
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286 R. Fischer and U. Kües Busch S
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288 R. Fischer and U. Kües Jeffs L
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290 R. Fischer and U. Kües Pöggel
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292 R. Fischer and U. Kües Yamashi
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294 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon tha
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296 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon loc
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298 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon Tab
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300 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon Fig
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302 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon mai
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304 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon mol
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306 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon gen
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308 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon int
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310 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon Fig
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312 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon pro
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314 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon B.
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316 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon 2.
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318 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon in
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320 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon be
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322 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon Lee
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16 Fruiting-Body Development in Asc
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phae originating from the base of a
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Table. 16.1. (continued) Fruiting B
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(Raju 1992). When male-sterile muta
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1. nsd (never in sexual development
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egular intervals; both effects requ
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the balance between sexual and asex
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ductionofeitherpheromoneisdirectlyc
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(Catlett et al. 2003). Eleven genes
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negative mutation of KREV-1 resulte
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through MAP kinase modules to cell-
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The fact that fruiting-body formati
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Balestrini R, Mainieri D, Soragni E
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point mutation of the beta subunit
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Mitchell TK, Dean RA (1995) The cAM
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YamashiroCT,EbboleDJ,LeeBU,BrownRE,
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358 L.A. Casselton and M.P. Challen
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376 M. Feldbrügge et al. different
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378 M. Feldbrügge et al. Fig. 18.3
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380 M. Feldbrügge et al. et al. 20
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382 M. Feldbrügge et al. for unbia
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384 M. Feldbrügge et al. In U. may
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386 M. Feldbrügge et al. Neurospor
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388 M. Feldbrügge et al. Bernards
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390 M. Feldbrügge et al. O’Donne
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19 The Emergence of Fruiting Bodies
Page 400 and 401: 2003; Kües et al. 2004) are the fi
Page 402 and 403: (Manachère 1988), C. cinereus (Tsu
Page 404 and 405: emergence of fruiting bodies. In th
Page 406 and 407: Rather, development is arrested in
Page 408 and 409: 10 nm thick is highly insoluble and
Page 410 and 411: it has been suggested that hydropho
Page 412 and 413: expression in the stipe suggests th
Page 414 and 415: Cooper DNW, Boulianne RP, Charlton
Page 416 and 417: Lu BC (1974) Meiosis in Coprinus. R
Page 418 and 419: Takagi Y, Katayose Y, Shishido K (1
Page 420 and 421: 20 Meiosis in Mycelial Fungi D. Zic
Page 422 and 423: Fig. 20.1. A-E Diagrammatic represe
Page 424 and 425: etween dispersed DNA repeats. In N.
Page 426 and 427: Fig. 20.2. Meiotic recombination. S
Page 428 and 429: mechanism whereby homologues locate
Page 430 and 431: An important component of the bouqu
Page 432 and 433: observed when the mammal LE compone
Page 434 and 435: A. Chromosome and Sister-Chromatid
Page 436 and 437: ascus plus ascospore morphogenesis
Page 438 and 439: syndrome)discoveredasageneinvolvedi
Page 440 and 441: Kitajima TS, Kawashima SA, Watanabe
Page 442 and 443: Rossignol J-L, Faugeron G (1995) MI
Page 444 and 445: Biosystematic Index Absidia glauca
Page 446 and 447: violaceum 153 Microsporum 149 Mimos
Page 448 and 449: Subject Index ABC transporter 382 a
Page 452 and 453: MAT protein interaction 308, 315 ma
Page 454: sporangiophore 234, 242, 246-252, 2
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