Growth, Differentiation and Sexuality

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MAT protein interaction 308, 315 mating 124, 126–134, 245 intraspecific 155 regulation 221 mating type 219–221, 264, 265, 295 definition 295 environment 304, 306 expression 296, 301, 303, 307, 314 features 298, 299 gene 338, 397, 398 idiomorphs 266 locus 150, 222, 226, 227, 266, 282, 326, 376, 382 mutant 319 mutation 294, 306, 308, 315, 317, 318 nomenclature 295 Oomycetes 224–227 structure 294, 297–299 Zygomycetes 218, 221, 222 meiosis 171, 182, 225 haploid 180, 181, 319 mating type genes 319 meiotic recombination 421 initiation 419, 420 melanin 264, 347 membrane permeability 205 metabolism 407 metacaspase 170, 171, 182 metallothionein gene 303, 304 methyl-cis-3,4-dimethoxycinnamate 204 methyl-cis-ferulate 204 methylmercaptan 397 metulae 268, 269, 271, 274–277 microconidia 327 microfilaments 55 microtubule 23–26, 29, 38, 42–44, 55 microtubule cytoskeleton 23 mildew 205 miniORF 298, 301, 302 MIP (methylation induced premeiotically) 418 mitochondria 25, 173, 174, 178, 182 antioxidant 175 fission 168, 177, 178 fragmentation 168, 175, 177, 178 integrity 177 membrane permeabilization 173, 180 mutant 170, 175 respiration 175, 176 transmembrane 176 mitogen-activated protein kinase 343, 377 mitosis 37, 38, 40–48, 116 exit 116 mitospores 263 mitotic 4, 21 entry 39–42, 47, 48 exit 39, 41–43, 47, 48 exit network 42 synchrony 44 wave 44, 47 molecular motor 386, 387 monokaryon 265, 280, 282, 359, 367 monokaryotic 361, 371 morphogens 203 Subject Index 447 MSUD (meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA) 319, 419 mtDNA 25, 26, 28, 193–196 instabilities 190, 191 rearrangement 190–192 multiallelic b locus 381 multinucleate 44, 47, 48 mutagenesis 268 mutant 268 fluffy 270–272 ras 272 thn 284 wetA 274 mycoparasites 126 mycoparasitism 126 myosin 29, 57 V 26, 27, 30, 32, 385 N-acetyl-glucosamine 55–57 nikkomycin 81, 83 NimA 39–44, 46–48 nitrous acid 56 nodules 394, 427 nomenclature 295 nonanoic acid 204, 205 noncrossover 421 nonyl alcohol 205 nuclear positioning 401 nucleus 268 diploid 265 haploid 265 nutrition carbon 267 nitrogen 267 O-glycosylation 110 1-octen-3-ol 204, 205 oidia 243, 244, 280, 281, 283 homing 265 production 265, 267, 281 oidiophore 267, 280–283 oogoniol 215 activity 223 structure 217, 223 synthesis 224, 225 oogonium 225 oomycetes 54 OXA1 194, 195 oxidase 193, 196 alternative 194 cytochrome c 190, 191, 194, 195 oxidative stress 171, 173–175, 264 paraphyses 326 parasexuality 123 parasitism 221 parisin 216 pathogen 204, 205 pathogenicity 375, 379, 380, 382–384 peg 15, 123, 125, 127, 128, 130–132 periodate oxidation 59 perithecium 238, 249, 326, 327, 331, 332 pH 267 signalling 380
448 Subject Index pheromone 128–134, 216, 221, 223, 224, 226, 227, 267, 269, 282, 338, 358, 359, 363, 365, 366, 368, 370, 377–380, 398 exchange 219 gene 316 hydrophilic 339 hydrophobic 339 lipopeptide 339 mating type specific 219 peptide 339 receptor 375, 376 response 225 signalling 380 phialide 264, 268, 273–277 phosphoglucomutase 407 phosphorylation light regulation 235, 236, 238, 241, 242 photoconidiation 237, 239–241 photomorphogenesis 233, 234 mutant 235, 237, 238, 240–242, 244, 245 photoreceptor 234–236, 239–241, 243–245 threshold 234, 241–244 photoperiodism 238, 239 photophorogenesis 242 photoreceptor 282, 397 phototropism 238, 242, 251 phylogeny 312 reproductive lifestyle 311, 313 phytochrome 270 pileus trama 395 PIR protein 79 plDNA 190–192 plectenchyma 395 polarised growth maintenance 12, 13 polarisome 12, 13, 130, 131 polarity 3 polyene antibiotics 58 polyoxin-D 56 populations 266 potential 176 premeiotic replication 417 primordium 395 progeny 318, 319 biparental 320 uniparental 319 proteasome 172, 173, 182 protoperithecium 327 protoplasts 56, 58, 59 pseudohomothallism 294 pseudohyphae 268 pseudohyphal growth 11, 271, 274 pseudothecium 326, 327 PSI 267 psi factor 208 pycnidiospores 264 quiesone 204 quorum sensing 203 RAS 205, 342 reactive oxygen species (ROS) 169, 170, 172–175, 180, 191–196, 210, 267, 337 receptor 128–130, 132, 226, 336, 339, 358, 363, 365, 366, 368, 370 gene 316 GPCR 340, 342 pheromone 340 photoreceptor 270 seven-transmembrane 269 recognition 218 host 221 intercellular 294 internuclear 294, 316–319 sexual partners 215, 221, 227 recombination nodules 427 regulation of gene expression 221, 226 structures 223 regulator 268 G-protein signalling 270 respiration 175, 191, 193–196 retention 26, 27, 30, 31 retinoid retinoic acid 219, 221, 227 retinol 219 retrograde response 192, 194 Rho-GTPase 110, 111 module 110 Rho/Rac 383, 384 RIP (repeat inuced point mutation) 331, 418 rust 204 saprophytes 204 schmoo 129, 133 sclerotia 240, 243, 244 secondary mycelium 397 self-compatibility 294, 295, 367 self-incompatibility 293–295 senescence 189–192, 195, 196 septal pore 105, 115 septal site 106, 108–110, 113–115, 117 septation 8, 11, 13, 16, 17 initiation network 42, 105 septin 16, 17, 45 ring 10 septum 39, 62 formation 5, 6, 40, 42, 43, 46, 47, 57 sesquiterpene 215 sexual development 240 light regulation 234, 238, 240, 243 sexual reaction 215, 220, 221, 225 signal transduction 339–341, 344, 345, 348 signalling crosstalk 379 G-protein 270 light 267 network 376, 379, 380 SIN/MEN 42, 48 sirenin 215, 216, 218 sister-chromatid cohesion 428–430 somatic incompatibility 265 SPB 38, 41–43 spermatia 264, 265, 294 sphingolipid 14, 85 spindle 37, 38, 41–43, 47, 48 pole body 23–25, 38 Spitzenkörper 55, 63, 64, 67, 123, 127, 128, 130–132, 135
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The Mycota Edited by K. Esser
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The Mycota A Comprehensive Treatise
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Karl Esser (born 1924) is retired P
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VIII Series Preface Class: Saccharo
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Addendum to the Series Preface In e
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XIV Volume Preface to the First Edi
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XVI Volume Preface to the Second Ed
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XVIII Contents Reproductive Process
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XX List of Contributors André Flei
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Vegetative Processes and Growth
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4 K.J. Boyce and A. Andrianopoulos
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22 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. I
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24 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. F
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26 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. 2
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28 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. M
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30 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. a
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32 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. t
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34 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. H
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36 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. T
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38 S.D. Harris dle organization tha
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40 S.D. Harris 2001; Borkovich et a
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42 S.D. Harris terized in A. nidula
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44 S.D. Harris astral microtubules
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46 S.D. Harris entry, and the CDK N
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48 S.D. Harris and Hamer 1997), the
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50 S.D. Harris Murray AW (2004) Rec
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4 Apical Wall Biogenesis J.H. Siets
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fungi can be regarded as “tube-dw
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In agreement with an essential role
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Kopecka and Gabriel 1992). They als
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nearly all the label was present in
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ingredients such as wall components
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in membrane enlargement and exocyto
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sis occurs, coinciding with a gradi
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pling of two (1-3)-alpha-glucan seg
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Sietsma JH, Wessels JGH (1977) Chem
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5 The Fungal Cell Wall J.P. Latgé
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polymers (chitosan) and glucuronic
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Whereas the structural branched β1
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their structural role in the cell w
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eight chitin synthases of A. fumiga
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Characterization of the chs4 mutant
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Fig. 5.8. Experimental data and hyp
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Fig. 5.9. Elongation of the mannan
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end of linear β1,3 glucans, and tr
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Fig. 5.12. Signal transduction in f
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shock,lowosmolarityaswellasotherfac
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ditions. Accordingly, enzymes and r
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Calonge TM, Arellano M, Coll PM, Pe
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Hiura N, Nakajima T, Matsuda K (198
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Martin-Yken H, Dagkessamanskaia A,
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Saporito-Irwin SM, Birse CE, Sypher
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6 Septation and Cytokinesis in Fung
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Septation in Fungi 107 Table. 6.1.
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Fig. 6.1. Selection of a cell divis
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Calderone, Chap. 5, this volume, an
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permissive temperature, multiple se
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eports suggested such a function fo
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understood mechanism of mitotic exi
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Implication in cytokinesis in Sacch
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Trinci APJ, Morris NR (1979) Morpho
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124 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner ter
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126 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner 188
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128 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner Fig
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130 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner sub
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132 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner dur
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134 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner G1
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136 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner Bri
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138 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner Mat
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8 Heterogenic Incompatibility in Fu
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Fungal Heterogenic Incompatibility
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B. Genetic Control The genetic back
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active phenotype het-s. The neutral
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Table. 8.1. (continued) Fungal Hete
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is a complex genetic trait controll
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indicate how speciation may be init
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ility controlled by multiple allele
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dependonthematingtypegenes,wasobser
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6. Relation with Histo-Incompatibil
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Semi-Incompatibilität. Z Indukt Ab
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Micali CO, Smith ML (2003) On the i
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Vilgalys RJ, Miller OK (1987) Matin
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168 B.C.K. Lu (Esser et al. 1980; K
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170 B.C.K. Lu enterthePCDpathway,wi
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172 B.C.K. Lu et al. 2004). It is l
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174 B.C.K. Lu (MMP), through ruptur
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176 B.C.K. Lu Fig. 9.1. Effects of
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178 B.C.K. Lu drial fission during
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180 B.C.K. Lu Although the cytologi
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182 B.C.K. Lu be arrested at diffus
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184 B.C.K. Lu Harris MH, Thompson C
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186 B.C.K. Lu oxygen species, in Kl
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10 Senescence and Longevity H.D. Os
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the amplification of plDNA is not a
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GRISEA is an orthologue of the yeas
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Fig. 10.3. Copper delivery to the c
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have been identified, for example,
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Kück U, Stahl U, Esser K (1981) Pl
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Signals in Growth and Development
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204 U. Ugalde II. Germination The p
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206 U. Ugalde Fig. 11.2.A-C Drawing
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208 U. Ugalde duction (Schimmel et
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210 U. Ugalde position, possibly in
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212 U. Ugalde Champe SP, Rao P, Cha
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12 Pheromone Action in the Fungal G
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sibly due to displacement of the hy
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all these compounds, the B-derivate
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shows the same activity in M. muced
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C. Oomycota In the non-mycotan phyl
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following sequence of events has be
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the standard Mendelian segregation
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Elliott CG, Knights BA (1981) Uptak
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constitutively transcribed but its
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234 L.M. Corrochano and P. Galland
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Reproductive Processes
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264 R. Fischer and U. Kües 2. Chla
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266 R. Fischer and U. Kües resourc
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268 R. Fischer and U. Kües ular le
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270 R. Fischer and U. Kües pathway
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272 R. Fischer and U. Kües and con
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274 R. Fischer and U. Kües Timberl
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276 R. Fischer and U. Kües PsiB le
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278 R. Fischer and U. Kües Table.
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280 R. Fischer and U. Kües tein ki
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282 R. Fischer and U. Kües nitroge
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284 R. Fischer and U. Kües tion, t
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286 R. Fischer and U. Kües Busch S
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288 R. Fischer and U. Kües Jeffs L
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290 R. Fischer and U. Kües Pöggel
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292 R. Fischer and U. Kües Yamashi
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294 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon tha
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296 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon loc
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298 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon Tab
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300 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon Fig
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302 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon mai
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304 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon mol
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306 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon gen
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308 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon int
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310 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon Fig
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312 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon pro
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314 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon B.
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316 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon 2.
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318 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon in
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320 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon be
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322 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon Lee
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16 Fruiting-Body Development in Asc
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phae originating from the base of a
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Table. 16.1. (continued) Fruiting B
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(Raju 1992). When male-sterile muta
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1. nsd (never in sexual development
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egular intervals; both effects requ
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the balance between sexual and asex
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ductionofeitherpheromoneisdirectlyc
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(Catlett et al. 2003). Eleven genes
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negative mutation of KREV-1 resulte
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through MAP kinase modules to cell-
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The fact that fruiting-body formati
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Balestrini R, Mainieri D, Soragni E
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point mutation of the beta subunit
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Mitchell TK, Dean RA (1995) The cAM
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YamashiroCT,EbboleDJ,LeeBU,BrownRE,
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358 L.A. Casselton and M.P. Challen
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376 M. Feldbrügge et al. different
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378 M. Feldbrügge et al. Fig. 18.3
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380 M. Feldbrügge et al. et al. 20
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382 M. Feldbrügge et al. for unbia
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384 M. Feldbrügge et al. In U. may
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386 M. Feldbrügge et al. Neurospor
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388 M. Feldbrügge et al. Bernards
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390 M. Feldbrügge et al. O’Donne
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19 The Emergence of Fruiting Bodies
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2003; Kües et al. 2004) are the fi
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Page 404 and 405: emergence of fruiting bodies. In th
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Page 412 and 413: expression in the stipe suggests th
Page 414 and 415: Cooper DNW, Boulianne RP, Charlton
Page 416 and 417: Lu BC (1974) Meiosis in Coprinus. R
Page 418 and 419: Takagi Y, Katayose Y, Shishido K (1
Page 420 and 421: 20 Meiosis in Mycelial Fungi D. Zic
Page 422 and 423: Fig. 20.1. A-E Diagrammatic represe
Page 424 and 425: etween dispersed DNA repeats. In N.
Page 426 and 427: Fig. 20.2. Meiotic recombination. S
Page 428 and 429: mechanism whereby homologues locate
Page 430 and 431: An important component of the bouqu
Page 432 and 433: observed when the mammal LE compone
Page 434 and 435: A. Chromosome and Sister-Chromatid
Page 436 and 437: ascus plus ascospore morphogenesis
Page 438 and 439: syndrome)discoveredasageneinvolvedi
Page 440 and 441: Kitajima TS, Kawashima SA, Watanabe
Page 442 and 443: Rossignol J-L, Faugeron G (1995) MI
Page 444 and 445: Biosystematic Index Absidia glauca
Page 446 and 447: violaceum 153 Microsporum 149 Mimos
Page 448 and 449: Subject Index ABC transporter 382 a
Page 450 and 451: fluffy 270, 276 formin 8, 10, 13, 1
Page 454: sporangiophore 234, 242, 246-252, 2
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