Growth, Differentiation and Sexuality

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Lu BC (1974) Meiosis in Coprinus. Role of light on basidiocarp initiation, mitosis, and hymenium differentiation in Coprinus lagopodus. Can J Bot 52:299–308 Lu BC (2000) The control of meiosis progression in the fungus Coprinus cinereus by light/dark cycles. Fungal Genet Biol 31:33–41 Lugones LG, Bosscher JS, Scholtmeijer K, de Vries OMH, Wessels JGH (1996) An abundant hydrophobin (ABH1) forms hydrophobic rodlet layers in Agaricus bisporus fruiting bodies. Microbiology 142:1321–1329 Lugones LG, Wösten HAB, Wessels JGH (1998) A hydrophobin (ABH3) secreted by the substrate mycelium of Agaricus bisporus (common white button mushroom). Microbiology 144:2345–2353 Lugones LG, Wösten HAB, Birkenkamp KU, Sjollema KA, Zagers J, Wessels JGH (1999) Hydrophobins line air channels in fruiting bodies of Schizophyllum commune and Agaricus bisporus. Mycol Res 103:635–640 Madelin MF (1956) The influence of light and temperature on fruiting of Coprinus lagopus Fr. in pure culture. Ann Bot 20:467–480 Madelin MF (1960) Visible changes in the vegetative mycelium of Coprinus lagopus Fr. at the time of fruiting. Trans Br Mycol Soc 43:105–110 Manachère G (1980) Conditions essential for controlled fruiting of macromycetes – a review. Trans Br Mycol Soc 75:255–270 Manachère G (1988) Regulation of sporophore differentiation in some macromycetes, particularly in Coprini: an overview of some experimental studies from fruiting initiation to sporogenesis. Cryptogamie Mycol 9:291– 323 Meskauskas A, McNulty LJ, Moore D (2004) Concerted regulation of all hyphal tips generates fungal fruit body structures: experiments with computer visualizations produced by a new mathematical model of hyphal growth. Mycol Res 108:341–353 Mizushina Y, Hanashima L, Yamaguchi T, Takemura M, Sugawara F, Saneyoshi M, Matsukage A, Yoshida S, Sakaguchi K (1998) A mushroom fruiting body-inducing substance inhibits activities of replicative DNA polymerases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 249:17–22 Money N (2004) Theoretical biology – mushrooms in cyberspace. Nature 431:32 Moore D (1998) Fungal morphogenesis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK Moore D, Casselton LA, Wood DA, Frankland JC (eds) (1985) Developmental biology of higher fungi. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK Moukha SM, Wösten HAB, Asther M, Wessels JGH (1993) In situ localization of lignin peroxidase excretion in colonies of Phanerochaete chrysosporium using sandwiched mode of culture. J Gen Microbiol 139:969–978 Mulder GH, Wessels JGH (1986) Molecular cloning of RNAs differentially expressed in monokaryons and dikaryons of Schizophyllum commune. Exp Mycol 10:214–227 Muraguchi H, Kamada T (1998) The ich1 gene of the mushroom Coprinus cinereus is essential for pileus formation in fruiting. Development 125:3133–3141 Muraguchi H, Kamada T (2000) A mutation in the eln2 gene encoding a cytochrome P450 of Coprinus cinereus affects mushroom morphogenesis. Fungal Genet Biol 29:49–59 Fruiting in Basidiomycetes 411 Muraguchi H, Takemaru T, Kamada K (1999) Isolation and characterization of developmental variants in fruiting using a homokaryotic fruiting strain of Coprinus cinereus. Mycoscience 40:227–235 Murata Y, Fujii M, Zolan ME, Kamada T (1998) Molecular analysis of pcc1, a gene that leads to A-regulated sexual morphogenesis in Coprinus cinereus. Genetics 149:1753–1761 NagaiM,KawataM,WatanabeH,OgawaM,SaitoK,Takesawa T, Kanda K, Sato T (2003) Important role of fungal intracellular laccase for melanin synthesis: purification and characterization of an intracellular laccase from Lentinula edodes fruit bodies. Microbiology 149:2455– 2462 Niederpruem DJ (1963) Role of carbon dioxide in the control of fruiting of Schizophyllum commune.JBacteriol 85:1300–1308 Niederpruem DJ, Wessels JGH (1969) Cytodifferentiation and morphogenesis in Schizophyllum commune. Bacteriol Rev 33:505–535 Perkins JH (1969) Morphogenesis in Schizophyllum commune. I. Effects of white light. Plant Physiol 44:1706– 1711 Perkins JH, Raper JR (1970) Morphogenesis in Schizophyllum commune. III. Mutation that blocks initiation of fruiting. Mol Gen Genet 106:151–154 Phillips LE, Leonard TJ (1976) Extracellular and intracellular phenoloxidase activity during growth and development in Schizophyllum commune. Mycologia 68:268– 276 Raper CA (1976) Sexuality and life cycle of the edible, wild Agaricus bitorquis. J Gen Microbiol 95:54–66 Raper JR, Krongelb GS (1958) Genetic and environmental aspects of fruiting in Schizophyllum commune. Mycologia 59:707–740 Raper JR, Miles PG (1958) The genetics of Schizophyllum commune. Genetics 43:530–546 Raper JR, Boyd DH, Raper CA (1965) Primary and secondary mutations at the incompatibility loci in Schizophyllum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 53:1324–1332 Raper CA, Raper JR, Miller RE (1972) Genetic analysis of the life cycle of Agaricus bisporus. Mycologia 64:1088–1117 Raudaskoski M, Salonen M (1983) Interrelationships between vegetative development and basidiocarp initiation. In: Jennings DH, Rayner ADM (eds) The ecology and physiology of the fungal mycelium. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 291–322 Raudaskoski M, Vauras R (1982) Scanning electron microscope study of fruit body differentiation in Schizophyllum commune. Trans Br Mycol Soc 78:89–96 Raudaskoski M, Viitanen H (1982) Effects of aeration and light on fruit-body induction in Schizophyllum commune. Trans Br Mycol Soc 78:89–96 Raudaskoski M, Yli-Mattila T (1985) Capacity for photoinduced fruiting in the dikaryon of Schizophyllum commune. Trans Br Mycol Soc 85:145–151 Rayner AD (1991) The challenge of the individualistic mycelium. Mycologia 83:48–71 Reijnders AFM, Stafleu JA (1992) The development of the hymenophoral trama in the Aphylophorales and Agaricales. Stud Mycol 34:1–109 Reyes F, Lahoz R, Vasques C (1980) Lytic enzymes in the autolysis of Schizophyllum commune with special reference to 1,3-α-glucanase. Can J Microbiol 26:1120–1125
412 H.A.B. Wösten and J.G.H. Wessels Robert JC (1977) Fruiting of Coprinus congregatus: relationship to biochemical changes in the whole culture. Trans Br Mycol Soc 68:389–395 Romeis T, Brachmann A, Kahmann R, Kämper J (2000) Identification of a target gene for the bE-bW homeodomain protein complex in Ustilago maydis.MolMicrobiol 37:54–66 Ross IK (1982) Location of carpophore initiation in Coprinus congregatus. J Gen Microbiol 128:2755–2762 Ruiters MHJ, Wessels JGH (1989a) In situ localization of specific RNAs in whole fruiting colonies of Schizophyllum commune. J Gen Microbiol 135:1747–1754 Ruiters MHJ, Wessels JGH (1989b) In situ localization of specific RNAs in developing fruit bodies of the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune. Exp Mycol 13:212– 222 Ruiters MHJ, Sietsma JH, Wessels JGH (1988) Expression of dikaryon-specific mRNAs of Schizophyllum commune in relation to incompatibility genes, light, and fruiting. Exp Mycol 12:60–69 Sakurai N, Kaneko J, Kamio Y, Tomita T (2004) Cloning, expression, and pore-forming properties of mature and precursor forms of pleurotolysin, a sphingomyelinspecific two-component cytolysin from the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Struct Expression 1679:65–73 Sánchez C, Moore D (1999) Conventional histological stains selectively stain fruit body initials of basidiomycetes. Mycol Res 103:315–318 Sánchez C, Tellez-Tellez M, Diaz-Godinez G, Moore D (2004) Simple staining detects ultrastructural and biochemical differentiation of vegetative hyphae and fruit body initials in colonies of Pleurotus pulmonarius.LettAppl Microbiol 38:483–487 Schuren FHJ (1999) Atypical interactions between the thn and wild-type mycelia of Schizophyllum commune.Mycol Res 103:1540–1544 Schuren FHJ, Wessels JGH (1990) Two genes specifically expressed in fruiting dikaryons of Schizophyllum commune: homologies with a gene not regulated by mating-type genes. Gene 90:199–205 Schuren FHJ, van der Lende T, Wessels JGH (1993a) Fruiting genes of Schizophyllum commune are transcriptionally regulated. Mycol Res 97:538–542 Schuren FHJ, Harmsen MC, Wessels JGH (1993b) A homologous gene-reporter system for the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune based on internally deleted genes. Mol Gen Genet 238:91–96 Schuren FHJ, Ásgeirsdóttir SA, Kothe EM, Scheer JMJ, Wessels JGH (1993c) The Sc7/Sc14 gene family of Schizophyllum commune codes for extracellular proteins specifically expressed during fruit-body formation. J Gen Microbiol 139:2083–2090 Schuurs TA, Dalstra HJP, Scheer JMJ, Wessels JGH (1998) Positioning of nuclei in secondary mycelium of Schizophyllum commune in relation to differential gene expression. Fungal Genet Biol 23:150–161 Schwalb MN (1974) Changes in activity of enzymes metabolizing glucose-6-phosphate during development of the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune. DevBiol 40:84–89 Schwalb MN (1977) Developmentally regulated proteases from the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune.JBiol Chem 225:8435–8439 Schwalb MN (1978) Regulation of fruiting. In Schwalb MN, Miles PG (eds) Genetics and morphogenesis in the basidiomycetes. Academic Press, New York, pp 135–165 Schwalb MN, Miles PG (1967) Morphogenesis of Schizophyllum commune. I. Morphological variation and mating behaviour of the thin mutation. Am J Bot 54:440–446 Sepčić K, Berne S, Potrich C, Turk T, Maček P, Menestrina G (2003) Interaction of ostreolysin, a cytolytic protein from the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus, with lipid membranes and modulation by lysophospholipids. Eur J Biochem 270:1199–1210 Sepčić K, Berne S, Rebolj K, Batista UK, Plemenitas A, Sentjurc M, Maček P (2004) Ostreolysin, a pore-forming protein from the oyster mushroom, interacts specifically with membrane cholesterol-rich lipid domains. FEBS Lett 575:81–85 Sietsma JH, Wessels JGH (1977) Chemical analysis of the hyphal wall of Schizophyllum commune. Biochim Biophys Acta 496:225–239 Sietsma JH, Wessels JGH (1979) Evidence for covalent linkages between chitin and β-glucan in a fungal wall. J Gen Microbiol 114:99–108 Sietsma JH, Rast D, Wessels JGH (1977) The effect of carbon dioxide on fruiting and on the degradation of a cellwall glucan in Schizophyllum commune. JGenMicrobiol 102:385–389 Sirand-Pugnet P, Labarère J (2002) Molecular characterization of the PRI3 gene encoding a cysteine-rich protein, specifically expressed during fruiting initiation within the Agrocybe aegerita complex. Curr Genet 41:31–42 Sirand-Pugnet P, Santos C, Labarère J (2003) The Aa-Pri4 gene, specifically expressed during fruiting initiation in the Agrocybe aegerita complex, contains an unusual CT-rich leader intron within the 5 ′ uncoding region. Curr Genet 44:124–131 Spiegel S, English D, Milstien S (2002) Spingosine-1phosphate signalling: providing cells with sense of direction. Trends Cell Biol 12:236–242 Springer J, Wessels JGH (1989) A frequently occurring mutation that blocks the expression of fruiting genes in Schizophyllum commune. Mol Gen Genet 219:486–488 Stahl U, Esser K (1976) Genetics of fruit-body production in higher basidiomycetes I. Monokaryotic fruiting and its correlation with dikaryotic fruiting in Polyporus ciliatus. Mol Gen Genet 148:183–197 Sugimoto A, Iino Y, Maeda T, Watanabe Y, Yamamoto M (1991) Schizosaccharomyces pombe ste11 + encodes a transcription factor with an HMG motif that is a critical regulator of sexual development. Genes Dev 5:1990–1999 Sun H, Zhao CG, Tong X, Qi YP (2003) A lectin with mycelia differentiation and antiphytovirus activities from the edible mushroom Agrocybe aegerita. JBiochemMol Biol 36:214–222 Swamy S, Uno I, Ishikawa T (1984) Morphogenetic effects of mutations at the A and B incompatibility factors in Coprinus cinereus. J Gen Microbiol 130:3219–3224 Swamy S, Uno I, Ishikawa T (1985a) Regulation of cyclic AMP metabolism by the incompatibility factors in Coprinus cinereus. J Gen Microbiol 131:3211–3217 Swamy S, Uno I, Ishikawa T (1985b) Regulation of cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation of cellular proteins by the incompatibility factors in Coprinus cinereus. J Gen Appl Microbiol 31:339–346
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The Mycota Edited by K. Esser
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The Mycota A Comprehensive Treatise
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Karl Esser (born 1924) is retired P
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VIII Series Preface Class: Saccharo
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Addendum to the Series Preface In e
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XIV Volume Preface to the First Edi
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XVI Volume Preface to the Second Ed
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XVIII Contents Reproductive Process
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XX List of Contributors André Flei
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Vegetative Processes and Growth
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4 K.J. Boyce and A. Andrianopoulos
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22 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. I
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24 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. F
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26 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. 2
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28 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. M
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30 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. a
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32 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. t
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34 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. H
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36 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. T
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38 S.D. Harris dle organization tha
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40 S.D. Harris 2001; Borkovich et a
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42 S.D. Harris terized in A. nidula
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44 S.D. Harris astral microtubules
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46 S.D. Harris entry, and the CDK N
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48 S.D. Harris and Hamer 1997), the
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50 S.D. Harris Murray AW (2004) Rec
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4 Apical Wall Biogenesis J.H. Siets
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fungi can be regarded as “tube-dw
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In agreement with an essential role
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Kopecka and Gabriel 1992). They als
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nearly all the label was present in
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ingredients such as wall components
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in membrane enlargement and exocyto
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sis occurs, coinciding with a gradi
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pling of two (1-3)-alpha-glucan seg
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Sietsma JH, Wessels JGH (1977) Chem
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5 The Fungal Cell Wall J.P. Latgé
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polymers (chitosan) and glucuronic
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Whereas the structural branched β1
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their structural role in the cell w
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eight chitin synthases of A. fumiga
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Characterization of the chs4 mutant
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Fig. 5.8. Experimental data and hyp
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Fig. 5.9. Elongation of the mannan
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end of linear β1,3 glucans, and tr
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Fig. 5.12. Signal transduction in f
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shock,lowosmolarityaswellasotherfac
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ditions. Accordingly, enzymes and r
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Calonge TM, Arellano M, Coll PM, Pe
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Hiura N, Nakajima T, Matsuda K (198
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Martin-Yken H, Dagkessamanskaia A,
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Saporito-Irwin SM, Birse CE, Sypher
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6 Septation and Cytokinesis in Fung
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Septation in Fungi 107 Table. 6.1.
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Fig. 6.1. Selection of a cell divis
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Calderone, Chap. 5, this volume, an
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permissive temperature, multiple se
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eports suggested such a function fo
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understood mechanism of mitotic exi
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Implication in cytokinesis in Sacch
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Trinci APJ, Morris NR (1979) Morpho
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124 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner ter
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126 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner 188
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128 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner Fig
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130 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner sub
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132 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner dur
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134 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner G1
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136 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner Bri
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138 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner Mat
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8 Heterogenic Incompatibility in Fu
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Fungal Heterogenic Incompatibility
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B. Genetic Control The genetic back
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active phenotype het-s. The neutral
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Table. 8.1. (continued) Fungal Hete
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is a complex genetic trait controll
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indicate how speciation may be init
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ility controlled by multiple allele
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dependonthematingtypegenes,wasobser
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6. Relation with Histo-Incompatibil
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Semi-Incompatibilität. Z Indukt Ab
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Micali CO, Smith ML (2003) On the i
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Vilgalys RJ, Miller OK (1987) Matin
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168 B.C.K. Lu (Esser et al. 1980; K
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170 B.C.K. Lu enterthePCDpathway,wi
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172 B.C.K. Lu et al. 2004). It is l
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174 B.C.K. Lu (MMP), through ruptur
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176 B.C.K. Lu Fig. 9.1. Effects of
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178 B.C.K. Lu drial fission during
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180 B.C.K. Lu Although the cytologi
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182 B.C.K. Lu be arrested at diffus
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184 B.C.K. Lu Harris MH, Thompson C
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186 B.C.K. Lu oxygen species, in Kl
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10 Senescence and Longevity H.D. Os
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the amplification of plDNA is not a
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GRISEA is an orthologue of the yeas
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Fig. 10.3. Copper delivery to the c
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have been identified, for example,
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Kück U, Stahl U, Esser K (1981) Pl
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Signals in Growth and Development
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204 U. Ugalde II. Germination The p
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206 U. Ugalde Fig. 11.2.A-C Drawing
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208 U. Ugalde duction (Schimmel et
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210 U. Ugalde position, possibly in
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212 U. Ugalde Champe SP, Rao P, Cha
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12 Pheromone Action in the Fungal G
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sibly due to displacement of the hy
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all these compounds, the B-derivate
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shows the same activity in M. muced
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C. Oomycota In the non-mycotan phyl
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following sequence of events has be
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the standard Mendelian segregation
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Elliott CG, Knights BA (1981) Uptak
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constitutively transcribed but its
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234 L.M. Corrochano and P. Galland
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Reproductive Processes
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264 R. Fischer and U. Kües 2. Chla
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266 R. Fischer and U. Kües resourc
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268 R. Fischer and U. Kües ular le
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270 R. Fischer and U. Kües pathway
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272 R. Fischer and U. Kües and con
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274 R. Fischer and U. Kües Timberl
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276 R. Fischer and U. Kües PsiB le
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278 R. Fischer and U. Kües Table.
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280 R. Fischer and U. Kües tein ki
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282 R. Fischer and U. Kües nitroge
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284 R. Fischer and U. Kües tion, t
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286 R. Fischer and U. Kües Busch S
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288 R. Fischer and U. Kües Jeffs L
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290 R. Fischer and U. Kües Pöggel
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292 R. Fischer and U. Kües Yamashi
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294 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon tha
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296 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon loc
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298 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon Tab
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300 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon Fig
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302 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon mai
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304 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon mol
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306 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon gen
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308 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon int
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310 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon Fig
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312 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon pro
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314 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon B.
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316 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon 2.
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318 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon in
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320 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon be
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322 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon Lee
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16 Fruiting-Body Development in Asc
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phae originating from the base of a
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Table. 16.1. (continued) Fruiting B
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(Raju 1992). When male-sterile muta
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1. nsd (never in sexual development
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egular intervals; both effects requ
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the balance between sexual and asex
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ductionofeitherpheromoneisdirectlyc
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(Catlett et al. 2003). Eleven genes
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negative mutation of KREV-1 resulte
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through MAP kinase modules to cell-
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The fact that fruiting-body formati
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Balestrini R, Mainieri D, Soragni E
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point mutation of the beta subunit
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Mitchell TK, Dean RA (1995) The cAM
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YamashiroCT,EbboleDJ,LeeBU,BrownRE,
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358 L.A. Casselton and M.P. Challen
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Page 382 and 383: 376 M. Feldbrügge et al. different
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Page 386 and 387: 380 M. Feldbrügge et al. et al. 20
Page 388 and 389: 382 M. Feldbrügge et al. for unbia
Page 390 and 391: 384 M. Feldbrügge et al. In U. may
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Page 394 and 395: 388 M. Feldbrügge et al. Bernards
Page 396 and 397: 390 M. Feldbrügge et al. O’Donne
Page 398 and 399: 19 The Emergence of Fruiting Bodies
Page 400 and 401: 2003; Kües et al. 2004) are the fi
Page 402 and 403: (Manachère 1988), C. cinereus (Tsu
Page 404 and 405: emergence of fruiting bodies. In th
Page 406 and 407: Rather, development is arrested in
Page 408 and 409: 10 nm thick is highly insoluble and
Page 410 and 411: it has been suggested that hydropho
Page 412 and 413: expression in the stipe suggests th
Page 414 and 415: Cooper DNW, Boulianne RP, Charlton
Page 418 and 419: Takagi Y, Katayose Y, Shishido K (1
Page 420 and 421: 20 Meiosis in Mycelial Fungi D. Zic
Page 422 and 423: Fig. 20.1. A-E Diagrammatic represe
Page 424 and 425: etween dispersed DNA repeats. In N.
Page 426 and 427: Fig. 20.2. Meiotic recombination. S
Page 428 and 429: mechanism whereby homologues locate
Page 430 and 431: An important component of the bouqu
Page 432 and 433: observed when the mammal LE compone
Page 434 and 435: A. Chromosome and Sister-Chromatid
Page 436 and 437: ascus plus ascospore morphogenesis
Page 438 and 439: syndrome)discoveredasageneinvolvedi
Page 440 and 441: Kitajima TS, Kawashima SA, Watanabe
Page 442 and 443: Rossignol J-L, Faugeron G (1995) MI
Page 444 and 445: Biosystematic Index Absidia glauca
Page 446 and 447: violaceum 153 Microsporum 149 Mimos
Page 448 and 449: Subject Index ABC transporter 382 a
Page 450 and 451: fluffy 270, 276 formin 8, 10, 13, 1
Page 452 and 453: MAT protein interaction 308, 315 ma
Page 454: sporangiophore 234, 242, 246-252, 2
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