Growth, Differentiation and Sexuality

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Subject Index ABC transporter 382 abscisic acid 219–221 actin 4, 7, 9–13, 54, 62 cables 8, 22, 23, 26–30, 32 cytoskeleton 4, 6, 13, 14, 22, 26, 29–32 patches 22, 23, 26–28 acto-myosin 115 acto-myosin ring 105, 109, 111–117 adenylate cyclase 272, 280, 328, 330, 343, 378 adhesion 127, 132, 133 aecidiospores 264 aging 167, 169, 182, 189–192, 194–197, 280, 282 alternative oxidase 191 amino acid 270, 273, 279, 336 aminosugar 55, 56 amylase 59 anaphase 38, 39, 41–44, 47, 428–430 anastomosis 123–127, 129–135, 206, 207, 394 antheridiol 215, 217, 224, 226 activity 223 mode of action 225 antheridium 223, 225, 326, 332 antioxidant 173 APC 39–42, 46, 47 apical growth 53, 55, 60, 61, 63, 66 apoptosis 167–178, 180–182, 395, 406, 408 apothecium 326, 335 appressoria 4, 9, 15, 131, 376 Arp2/3 complex 23, 27, 28 arthroconidia 263, 277, 281 arthroconidiation 276, 277 arthrospores 263 ascocarp 325–327, 331, 341, 343–345, 348 ascogonium 294, 326, 331, 332 ascomata 325, 326 ascospores 325 ascus 325–327, 329, 331, 332, 337, 415, 417, 419, 423, 424, 431 attraction 126–128, 215–217 autophagy 167, 172, 178–180 autoradiography 54, 61, 66 autotropism 123, 126, 206 axial budding 106, 110 barrage formation 142 basidia 180–182, 265, 393, 395, 399 Bcl-2 168, 171, 174, 177, 178, 180, 182 Bcl-xL 168, 174, 177, 178 bifactorial 358 binucleate state 402 biological races 154 biotin 333 biotrophic phase 383, 387 bipolar 358, 366, 367 budding pattern 106 germination pattern 109 blind mutants 239, 244, 252 bonds 58 branch 45, 123, 126, 131 branching 8, 12, 14, 16, 53, 59, 61, 66, 88, 94, 123, 126, 127, 132, 206, 207, 233, 236, 242, 243, 251, 252 brassinosteroids 383 bud emergence 5, 6, 9, 10, 15, 110–113 bud site 109 bud site emergence 107 bud site selection 5–7, 9, 106, 107, 113, 114, 386 budding 4–9, 11–13, 15, 16 calcineurin pathway calcineurin 93, 94 TOR2 93 calcofluor white 58, 60, 89, 92–94 cAMP 221, 396–398, 405 pathway 369, 378, 380 signalling 272, 369, 378–380 carbohydrate 407 carbon dioxide 334, 407 carotene 238, 239, 243 β 218–220, 227, 242, 250 cleavage 219, 220 γ 216 synthesis 220, 221 caspase 167, 168, 170, 171, 173, 179, 182 Cdc24 129, 132, 383 Cdc42 129, 132, 133, 383–385 CDK 39–43, 45, 46, 48 cell cycle 5, 9, 23–26, 28–32, 37–40, 44, 46, 48 regulation 379 death 167–180, 182 division 3, 5, 15–17, 22–29, 32, 105, 108, 109, 112 integrity pathway 89, 91–94 polarity 7, 14, 15, 272, 384 establishment 14 programme 370 senescence 167, 168 separation 81, 87, 88, 384, 387 types in fungi 4 wall 31, 73, 74, 77, 89, 90, 132, 346 integrity 14, 15
444 Subject Index cellularization 294, 319 cellulases 59, 225 cerebrosides 396 checkpoint 40, 46, 47, 169–171, 180–182 chitin 10, 14, 54, 56, 57, 60–63, 66, 67, 346, 407 composition of cell wall 74 cross-linking 77, 88 synthase 14, 57–59, 64, 65, 80–83, 346, 385 synthesis 14, 57, 58, 65, 80–83 chitinase 55, 56, 58, 61, 80, 81, 87, 105, 109, 115, 117 chitosan 56, 75, 77, 83 chitosomes 57, 58 chlamydospores 264, 277, 280, 282 chromatin condensation 169, 170, 180, 181 chromosome bouquet 424, 425 condensation 41, 47, 430 interlocking 425 movement 37 pairing 422–425 segregation 38, 42, 43, 47, 428–430 synapsis 425, 426 clamp cell 359, 360, 368–370 cleistothecium 56, 208, 210, 271, 272, 326, 327, 329, 330, 332, 334–337, 340, 342–344, 346, 347 clock biological 267, 270 circadian 234, 236–240, 265, 277, 335, 339 coiled-coil α-helices 365 colony 123, 124, 126, 127, 134, 135, 203–208, 210, 211, 270, 272, 282 competence mycelial 336 complementation phenotypic 331 congo red 58–60 conidia 124, 125, 131, 265, 268, 271, 273–276, 294 anastomosis tube 125 enteroblastic 264 holoblastic 264, 277 phiallidic 264 conidial germination 11 conidiation 15, 130, 207–209, 211, 237–241, 267, 271–273, 275, 277, 280, 283 conidiaton 273 conidiogenesis 57, 267, 271, 277, 284 conidiogenone 207 conidiomas 264 conidiophore 15, 271, 274–277 foot 268 stalk 268, 273 conidiophores 264 conidiospores 264, 273–275 conjugation hyphae 377, 385–387 COP9 signalosome 271 copper 192–195 chaperone 196 homeostasis 193 CRIB domain 384, 385 cross-pathway control system 336 crossing-over 418, 421 crossover <strong>and</strong> noncrossover exchanges 427 crozier 124 cyclin 39–41, 44, 48 cyclin-dependent 15 kinase 10, 116, 330 cytochrome c 168, 173, 176 oxidase 190, 191, 194, 195 release 176 cytochrome P450 406, 408 cytokinesis 5–8, 13, 15, 17, 22, 24, 31, 37–39, 42, 47, 57, 105, 106, 108, 111–117, 383, 384 cytoplasmic calcium 386 cytoskeleton 3, 5, 22, 24, 26, 28, 55, 64, 67, 251, 345, 346, 377, 385 dehydro-oogoniol 217, 224 density hyphal 334 2-deoxyglucose 56 development 270, 271, 275, 281, 325, 327–335, 338–344, 346–348, 369, 380, 381, 394, 395, 404 asexual 225, 227, 266, 268–272, 275, 277, 337, 343, 345 competence 267 sexual 224, 225, 227, 266, 268–271, 275, 294, 326, 327, 330, 332–340, 342–347 diffusion barrier 53, 112, 114, 116 dikaryon 205, 264, 358, 360, 362, 367, 369, 397, 398, 404 dikaryotic 359, 360, 369–371, 399, 401 dimethylsulfide 397 dimorphic switch 276 dimorphism 210, 375, 383 diorcinol 208 disease 375, 376, 380, 385 division plane 105, 106, 108 DNA 21, 25, 190 array 382 damage 44–48, 169–171 fragmentation 170, 172, 181 repair 171, 173 replication 46, 180 dynein 25, 26, 29, 43, 44, 47 echinoc<strong>and</strong>in 85 ecosystem 265 edge effect 334 endocytosis 58, 65 endosomes 386, 387 enhancer-trapping 382 environment 263 environmental conditions 266 environmental signals carbon dioxide 396, 397 light 396, 397 oxygen 396 enzyme oxidative 406 excretion 53, 64–66 exocytosis 55, 64, 65 exospores 264 farnesoic acid 210 farnesol 128, 210 fatty acid 267, 328, 330, 336, 337 filamentous growth 379, 380, 382, 384, 386, 387 flavin 235, 236, 239, 250, 397
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The Mycota Edited by K. Esser
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The Mycota A Comprehensive Treatise
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Karl Esser (born 1924) is retired P
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VIII Series Preface Class: Saccharo
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Addendum to the Series Preface In e
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XIV Volume Preface to the First Edi
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XVI Volume Preface to the Second Ed
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XVIII Contents Reproductive Process
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XX List of Contributors André Flei
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Vegetative Processes and Growth
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4 K.J. Boyce and A. Andrianopoulos
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22 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. I
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24 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. F
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26 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. 2
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28 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. M
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30 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. a
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32 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. t
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34 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. H
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36 L.J. García-Rodríguez et al. T
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38 S.D. Harris dle organization tha
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40 S.D. Harris 2001; Borkovich et a
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42 S.D. Harris terized in A. nidula
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44 S.D. Harris astral microtubules
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46 S.D. Harris entry, and the CDK N
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48 S.D. Harris and Hamer 1997), the
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50 S.D. Harris Murray AW (2004) Rec
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4 Apical Wall Biogenesis J.H. Siets
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fungi can be regarded as “tube-dw
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In agreement with an essential role
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Kopecka and Gabriel 1992). They als
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nearly all the label was present in
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ingredients such as wall components
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in membrane enlargement and exocyto
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sis occurs, coinciding with a gradi
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pling of two (1-3)-alpha-glucan seg
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Sietsma JH, Wessels JGH (1977) Chem
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5 The Fungal Cell Wall J.P. Latgé
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polymers (chitosan) and glucuronic
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Whereas the structural branched β1
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their structural role in the cell w
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eight chitin synthases of A. fumiga
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Characterization of the chs4 mutant
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Fig. 5.8. Experimental data and hyp
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Fig. 5.9. Elongation of the mannan
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end of linear β1,3 glucans, and tr
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Fig. 5.12. Signal transduction in f
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shock,lowosmolarityaswellasotherfac
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ditions. Accordingly, enzymes and r
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Calonge TM, Arellano M, Coll PM, Pe
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Hiura N, Nakajima T, Matsuda K (198
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Martin-Yken H, Dagkessamanskaia A,
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Saporito-Irwin SM, Birse CE, Sypher
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6 Septation and Cytokinesis in Fung
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Septation in Fungi 107 Table. 6.1.
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Fig. 6.1. Selection of a cell divis
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Calderone, Chap. 5, this volume, an
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permissive temperature, multiple se
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eports suggested such a function fo
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understood mechanism of mitotic exi
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Implication in cytokinesis in Sacch
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Trinci APJ, Morris NR (1979) Morpho
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124 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner ter
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126 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner 188
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128 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner Fig
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130 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner sub
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132 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner dur
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134 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner G1
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136 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner Bri
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138 N.L. Glass and A. Fleissner Mat
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8 Heterogenic Incompatibility in Fu
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Fungal Heterogenic Incompatibility
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B. Genetic Control The genetic back
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active phenotype het-s. The neutral
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Table. 8.1. (continued) Fungal Hete
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is a complex genetic trait controll
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indicate how speciation may be init
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ility controlled by multiple allele
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dependonthematingtypegenes,wasobser
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6. Relation with Histo-Incompatibil
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Semi-Incompatibilität. Z Indukt Ab
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Micali CO, Smith ML (2003) On the i
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Vilgalys RJ, Miller OK (1987) Matin
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168 B.C.K. Lu (Esser et al. 1980; K
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170 B.C.K. Lu enterthePCDpathway,wi
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172 B.C.K. Lu et al. 2004). It is l
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174 B.C.K. Lu (MMP), through ruptur
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176 B.C.K. Lu Fig. 9.1. Effects of
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178 B.C.K. Lu drial fission during
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180 B.C.K. Lu Although the cytologi
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182 B.C.K. Lu be arrested at diffus
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184 B.C.K. Lu Harris MH, Thompson C
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186 B.C.K. Lu oxygen species, in Kl
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10 Senescence and Longevity H.D. Os
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the amplification of plDNA is not a
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GRISEA is an orthologue of the yeas
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Fig. 10.3. Copper delivery to the c
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have been identified, for example,
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Kück U, Stahl U, Esser K (1981) Pl
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Signals in Growth and Development
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204 U. Ugalde II. Germination The p
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206 U. Ugalde Fig. 11.2.A-C Drawing
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208 U. Ugalde duction (Schimmel et
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210 U. Ugalde position, possibly in
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212 U. Ugalde Champe SP, Rao P, Cha
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12 Pheromone Action in the Fungal G
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sibly due to displacement of the hy
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all these compounds, the B-derivate
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shows the same activity in M. muced
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C. Oomycota In the non-mycotan phyl
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following sequence of events has be
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the standard Mendelian segregation
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Elliott CG, Knights BA (1981) Uptak
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constitutively transcribed but its
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234 L.M. Corrochano and P. Galland
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Reproductive Processes
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264 R. Fischer and U. Kües 2. Chla
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266 R. Fischer and U. Kües resourc
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268 R. Fischer and U. Kües ular le
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270 R. Fischer and U. Kües pathway
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272 R. Fischer and U. Kües and con
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274 R. Fischer and U. Kües Timberl
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276 R. Fischer and U. Kües PsiB le
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278 R. Fischer and U. Kües Table.
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280 R. Fischer and U. Kües tein ki
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282 R. Fischer and U. Kües nitroge
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284 R. Fischer and U. Kües tion, t
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286 R. Fischer and U. Kües Busch S
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288 R. Fischer and U. Kües Jeffs L
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290 R. Fischer and U. Kües Pöggel
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292 R. Fischer and U. Kües Yamashi
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294 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon tha
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296 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon loc
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298 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon Tab
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300 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon Fig
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302 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon mai
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304 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon mol
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306 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon gen
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308 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon int
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310 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon Fig
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312 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon pro
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314 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon B.
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316 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon 2.
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318 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon in
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320 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon be
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322 R. Debuchy and B.G. Turgeon Lee
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16 Fruiting-Body Development in Asc
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phae originating from the base of a
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Table. 16.1. (continued) Fruiting B
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(Raju 1992). When male-sterile muta
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1. nsd (never in sexual development
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egular intervals; both effects requ
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the balance between sexual and asex
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ductionofeitherpheromoneisdirectlyc
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(Catlett et al. 2003). Eleven genes
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negative mutation of KREV-1 resulte
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through MAP kinase modules to cell-
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The fact that fruiting-body formati
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Balestrini R, Mainieri D, Soragni E
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point mutation of the beta subunit
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Mitchell TK, Dean RA (1995) The cAM
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YamashiroCT,EbboleDJ,LeeBU,BrownRE,
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358 L.A. Casselton and M.P. Challen
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376 M. Feldbrügge et al. different
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378 M. Feldbrügge et al. Fig. 18.3
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380 M. Feldbrügge et al. et al. 20
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382 M. Feldbrügge et al. for unbia
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384 M. Feldbrügge et al. In U. may
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386 M. Feldbrügge et al. Neurospor
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388 M. Feldbrügge et al. Bernards
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390 M. Feldbrügge et al. O’Donne
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Page 404 and 405: emergence of fruiting bodies. In th
Page 406 and 407: Rather, development is arrested in
Page 408 and 409: 10 nm thick is highly insoluble and
Page 410 and 411: it has been suggested that hydropho
Page 412 and 413: expression in the stipe suggests th
Page 414 and 415: Cooper DNW, Boulianne RP, Charlton
Page 416 and 417: Lu BC (1974) Meiosis in Coprinus. R
Page 418 and 419: Takagi Y, Katayose Y, Shishido K (1
Page 420 and 421: 20 Meiosis in Mycelial Fungi D. Zic
Page 422 and 423: Fig. 20.1. A-E Diagrammatic represe
Page 424 and 425: etween dispersed DNA repeats. In N.
Page 426 and 427: Fig. 20.2. Meiotic recombination. S
Page 428 and 429: mechanism whereby homologues locate
Page 430 and 431: An important component of the bouqu
Page 432 and 433: observed when the mammal LE compone
Page 434 and 435: A. Chromosome and Sister-Chromatid
Page 436 and 437: ascus plus ascospore morphogenesis
Page 438 and 439: syndrome)discoveredasageneinvolvedi
Page 440 and 441: Kitajima TS, Kawashima SA, Watanabe
Page 442 and 443: Rossignol J-L, Faugeron G (1995) MI
Page 444 and 445: Biosystematic Index Absidia glauca
Page 446 and 447: violaceum 153 Microsporum 149 Mimos
Page 450 and 451: fluffy 270, 276 formin 8, 10, 13, 1
Page 452 and 453: MAT protein interaction 308, 315 ma
Page 454: sporangiophore 234, 242, 246-252, 2
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