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Lichen: from genome to ecosystem in a changing world 3I-O (3I-02) Submission ID: IAL0288-00001 IDENTIFICATION OF LICHEN COMPOUNDS USING LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY Fankhauser J. D. 1 , Elix J. A. 2 , Schmitt I. 3 , Lumbsch H. T. 4 1 Plant Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States 2 Australian National University, Department of Chemistry, Canberra, Act, Australia 3 Adaptation and Climate, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre BiK-F, Franfurt, Germany 4 Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, Il, United States The utility of identifying lichen compounds is undeniable; whether for broad taxonomic studies or the description of new lichen species. While TLC is the most widely applied method of detection there are obvious shortcomings inherent to the method. The use of High Performance Liquid Chromatography is becoming the preferred method of lichen compound identification. We have developed a library of over 1,000 lichen compounds using herbarium material and authentic purified substances. Although not yet mainstream in many lichenologists’ laboratories the use of Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry provides additional information is an exciting way to explore lichen chemistry. Using accurate mass measurements and statistical methods it is possible to not only identify known compounds and test their relevance to a particular taxonomic conjecture, but also to quickly identify potentially unfamiliar lichen specific secondary metabolites. (3I-03) Submission ID: IAL0153-00001 SNAILS AVOID THE MEDULLA OF LOBARIA PULMONARIA AND L. SCROBICULATA DUE TO PRESENCE OF SECONDARY COMPOUNDS Asplund J. 1,2 1 Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway 2 Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden Lichens are frequently grazed by various invertebrates, such as snails and slugs. However, these gastropods discriminate between the various layers of the lichen thallus. Likewise, carbon based secondary compounds (CBSCs), some of which are known to deter lichenivores, are unevenly distributed between the various layers. In this study, the degree of rejection of medullary CBSCs by gastropods is investigated. The snail Cochlodina laminata was offered the lichens Lobaria pulmonaria and L. scrobiculata with and without CBSCs. The secondary compounds were removed by rinsing dry thalli in acetone. The snails completely avoided the medulla of thalli with natural levels of CBSCs. However, they grazed through all layers perpendicularly after these compounds had been removed. Hence, the medullary compounds restrict feeding by gastropods to the cortical and sometimes also the photobiont layer. 40
The 7 th International Association for Lichenology Symposium 2012 (3I-04) Submission ID: IAL0165-00001 ACETONE-EXTRACTABLE COMPOUNDS PROTECT LICHENS AGAINST MOLLUSCS Černajová I. 1 , Svoboda D. 1 1 Department of Botany, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Prague, Czech Republic It is a well-known fact that lichens produce numerous unique secondary metabolites. Various functions have been proved for them and recently a lot of evidence that one of the ecological roles, at least for some species, is protection against grazers has been gathered (eg. Pöykkö et al. 2005, Nimis & Skert 2006, Asplund et al. 2010). In our study we tested the hypothesis that acetone-extractable compounds protect selected epiphytic species of the Parmeliaceae family against lichenivorous molluscs. We chose 6 species with diverse secondary compounds – Parmelia sulcata, P. saxatilis, Melanelixia fuliginosa, M. subaurifera, M. glabra, Parmelina tiliacea and 2 species with no secondary metabolites detected by t.l.c.(Smith et al. 2009) – Melanohalea exasperatula and M. exasperata. Two species of molluscs with different ecological strategies were selected – Lehmannia marginata and Cochlodina cerata. Following the method of Solhaug and Gauslaa (2001) for acetone-rinsing and adjusting the design of Gauslaa (2005) we set an experiment - lichen thalli were cut into two halves and one of them was rinsed in acetone. The two halves were put in each of ten glass containers together with two individuals of a mollusc species. The same procedure was used for all the lichen-mollusc species combinations. Afterwards the amount of thallus consumed was calculated. A strong preference for the acetone-rinsed thallus part was observed for all the species containing secondary lichen compounds. The results are reliable at p
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The 7 th IAL Symposium 2012 Lichens
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The 7 th International Association
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Welcome Message The 7 th Internatio
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Report The 7 th International Assoc
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IAL COUNCIL (2008-2012): The 7 th I
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