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Lichen: from genome to ecosystem in a changing world 4I-O (4I-O5) Submission ID: IAL0235-00001 LICHEN STUDIES IN THE CORDILLERA REGION NORTHERN PHILIPPINES - PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE Bawingan P. A. 1 , Lardizaval M. 1 1 Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, Baguio City, Philippines Philippine lichenology started in the 18 th century when European scientists joined expeditions to the country. Meyer, Charles Gaudichard–Beaupre, Moseley, Schadenberg, and Warburg were among those who did extensive collections of lichens in the Philippines at that time. The Americans came in the early 20 th century; E.D Merrill led collections from almost every part of the country. More foreign scientists came including Herre, Degelius, and Hale. Only one of the Filipino botanists, Dr. William Gruezo, did serious study on lichens in the 1970’s. His collections in Luzon including Benguet and Ifugao in the Cordillera Region northern Philippines resulted to new species and new records. In 1987, Andre Aptroot and Harrie collected in Baguio and Benguet that further gave new species and new records of Philippine lichens. In 1999, we started our own taxonomic study of lichens in the Cordillera Region. Presently, we have identified 130 species belonging to 37 genera distributed in 15 families in the Region. With the help of Dr. John Elix, Dr. Harrie Sipman, and Dr. Thorsten Lumbsch, our efforts resulted to new species and new records as well. We have also conducted studies on the use of lichens as indicators of environmental conditions. Our assessment of the atmospheric condition of four favorite parks of Baguio City, a prime city of the Region using epiphytic lichens as bioindicators has shown that the number of pollution tolerant species and pollution sensitive species vary significantly among them. Our study on sulfur dioxide pollution along a major road in the city also showed that the lichens, mosses, and leaves of vascular plants have no significant difference in the concentration of SO 2 accumulated within their tissues. Our lichen taxonomic study is on-going; we are also conducting biological assay of their active components and evaluating their use as bioindicator. Results we hope will support our conservation campaign for these organisms. (4I-O6) Submission ID: IAL0008-00001 STUDY OF MACROLICHEN DIVERSITY BETWEEN EUCALYPTUS, PINUS, AND ALTINGIA TREES AT CIBODAS BOTANICAL GARDEN, WEST JAVA Zulfikar R. 1 , Sedayu A. 2 , Arif A. 2 1 Biology, Bogor Agricultural University, West Java, Bogor, Indonesia 2 Biology, State University of Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia Diversity of macrolichens on the barks of Eucalyptus, Pinus, and Altingia trees in Cibodas Botanical Garden was studied during November 2006 until April 2007. There were 28 species of macrolichens found on Eucalyptus trees (H = 3.63), followed by 22 species on Altingia (H = 3.4) and 17 species on Pinus (H = 3.09). Usnea spp., Rimelia sp., and Parmelinella wallichiana were the most abundant on Eucalyptus. Heterodermia japonica, P. wallichiana, Physcia sp., and Pseudocyphellaria aurata occurred only on Eucalpytus. Usnea sp., Parmotrema sp., and Parmelia sp. were the most abundant on Altingia. We found Lobaria isidiosa, Lobaria sp., Peltigera sp., and some Parmeliaceae that were only existed on Altingia trees. Pinus trees had Cladonia sp., Usnea sp. and Parmelia sp. as it top three. Note that Everniastrum vexans, Leprocaulon sp., and Relicina sp. only found on Pinus. There was no difference in term of Shanon wiener diversity index of stratum A (0 – 50 cm above ground), B (100 – 150 cm above ground), and C (200 – 250 cm above ground) on the barks of Eucalyptus and Pinus, but there was a difference in it on Altingia. Usnea sp., Cladonia sp., Coccocarpia palmicola, and Parmotrema sp. were the species that found on every host tree, while Lobaria sp., Relicina sp., and Heterodermia japonica, were the examples of species which might have substrate preference. The difference of bark texture might be one of the factors which affect the difference of macrolichen community consisting on each tree. Eucalyptus has the peeling bark, but mostly the peeling started from the top of the trunk. The large diameters of Altingia allowed foliose lichens grow with big thallus upon it. But, the rough and deeply fissured bark of Pinus limited the growth of macrolichens with big thallus. 46
(4I-O7) Submission ID: IAL0037-00001 The 7 th International Association for Lichenology Symposium 2012 MACROLICHEN DIVERSITY CAN BE USED AS A TOOL TO ANALYZE THE FOREST CONDITION AT HORTON PLAINS NATIONAL PARK, SRI LANKA Jayalal R. U. 1 , Wolseley P. 2 , Wijesundara S. 3 , Karunaratne V. 1 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka 2 Department of Botany, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom 3 Department of National Botanic Gardens, Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka Horton Plains National Park (HPNP) is a Word Heritage site that includes extensive areas of cloud forest, which occurs as continuous forest on the upper slopes, and as forest islands of different sizes interspersed in ‘pathana’ grassland. Preliminary investigation showed a difference in lichen communities of forest islands and of continuous forest at similar altitudes above 2,000 m. The objective of this study was to characterize macrolichen communities in forest islands and continuous forest and investigate factors affecting their distribution. Macrolichens were sampled in quadrates on tree trunks in 12 plots, 6 in forest islands and 6 in continuous forest together with environmental data and tree data. Macrolichen species were identified and their diversity and frequency used to test the relationship with phorophyte and environmental factors including light intensity. Both macrolichen diversity and their phorophyte diversity were higher in forest islands (147 macrolichen taxa) than in the continuous forest (104 macrolichen taxa). These include many new records for Sri Lanka and include new species described elsewhere. PCA analysis of macrolichen and environmental data, showed that all island plots were separated from the continuous forest plots and that this was associated with an increase in macrolichens with a cyanobacterial photobionts in the island plots. Distribution of macrolichens within both forest types was significantly correlated with light intensity, although this was not significantly different between both forest types. The results have shown that macrolichen diversity is higher in the forest islands than in the continuous forest and that this is associated with an increase in species known to be sensitive to forest disturbance and environmental change. The results suggest that external factors affect the distribution of lichens in the montane forests of HPNP. Reasons for loss of diversity and changes in montane communities will be discussed. 47 4I-O
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The 7 th IAL Symposium 2012 Lichens
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The 7 th International Association
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Report The 7 th International Assoc
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