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3B-2-O Lichen: from genome to ecosystem in a changing world (3B-2-O4) Submission ID: IAL0228-00002 ISLAND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF LOBARIA SECT. LOBARIA IN MACARONESIA Werth S. 1 , Cheenacharoen S. 1 , Scheidegger C. 1 1 Biodiv. & Conservation Biol., WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland Understanding why some taxa are endemic, whereas others are widespread is an important theme in evolutionary biology. Do co-distributed endemic and widespread species share biogeographic history, and do they exhibit similarities in their population structure? Here, we compare migration patterns and population structure in Lobaria Sect. Lobaria from Macaronesia, featuring two endemic and one widespread species. First, in order to determine whether the species originated in the same geographic area, we compare genetic diversity among geographic regions under the assumption that the area of origin has the highest diversity and largest number of private alleles. Second, drawing on methods borrowed from coalescent theory, we investigate bidirectional migration rates of each species among three Atlantic archipelagos and the mainland. Our results indicate that the two endemic species had clear and different centers of genetic diversity, whereas the widespread species exhibited incongruent results for different markers – its center of origin appears to be located outside Macaronesia. To conclude, the two endemic species and the widespread species had different biogeographic histories. These results imply that biological communities may be composed of species with widely different biogeographic backgrounds, even if their contemporary ranges and ecological niches overlap to a high degree. (3B-2-O5) Submission ID: IAL0050-00001 LICHEN IDENTIFICATION IN WOODLAND CARIBOU SCAT USING DNA BARCODING Mcmullin R. T. 1 , Newmaster S. G. 1 , Fazekas A. 1 1 Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Guelph, Canada In Ontario, the woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus subsp. caribou) are in peril due to declining abundance and range retraction. Conservation efforts have resulted in the designation of woodland caribou as “threatened” under the provincial Endangered Species Act and the federal Species at Risk Act. Preliminary research suggests a link between anthropogenic disturbances in vital habitat (e.g., forestry, mining, road construction, hydro development) and declining numbers in woodland caribou. One hypothesis predicts that regenerating forests do not provide sufficient supplies of high quality food to meet the energetic requirements for successful recruitment of yearlings to the breeding population. The role of nutrition is rarely considered and poorly understood partly due to the fact that nutritional hypotheses are underpinned by diet of which we know very little. We examined the winter diet of woodland caribou by barcoding dietary components from samples of feces. We amplified the ITS2 ribosomal region from extracted DNA of fecal samples of 44 caribou animals. PCR products were cloned and the insert sequenced from individual colonies. These sequences were compared with a newly created library of lichen barcodes from the region. The results showed that most of the sequences generated from the caribou fecal samples were identified as lichen fungal symbionts, primarily belonging to the genus Cladonia. Three lichen species, Cladonia stygia, Cladonia arbuscula, and Cladonia mitis are widely represented in the caribou samples, being sequenced from almost half or more of the animals sampled. Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia stellaris, and Cladonia uncialis were detected in ~20–25% of animals, and the remaining lichen species were found from only 1–3 individual caribou, contributing a minor amount to the observed dietary diversity. This research suggests that caribou prefer specific species of lichens, which may be explained by palatability or variability in the nutritional value among lichen species. 60
The 7 th International Association for Lichenology Symposium 2012 (3B-2-O6) Submission ID: IAL0136-00001 ANALYSIS OF TWELVE MOLECULAR LOCI SUGGESTS HIGH PHOTOBIONT AND LOW MYCOBIONT DIVERSITY IN POPULATIONS OF LASALLIA PUSTULATA Sadowska-des A. 1 , Otte J. 2 , Schmitt I. 3 1 Departament of Biodiversity and Plant Cover Protection, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany 3 Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberg Gesellschaft Fur Naturforschung, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic diversity of photobionts and mycobionts in Lasallia pustulata. It is our long term goal to understand the effects of climate on the selection of photobiont strains and to elucidate population dynamic processes in this lichen species. We compare the variability of molecular markers specific for the photobiont (actin, COX 2 , ITS, psbJ-L, rbcL) and the mycobiont (EF1, ITS, MCM7, mtLSU, mtSSU, RPB1, RPB2, TSR1), and assess their suitability for population studies in Lasallia pustulata and its trebouxioid algal partner. Lasallia pustulata has a patchy distribution across the European continent and typically grows at elevations of 400-800 m. Occasionally it can be found at up to 2,000 m. Most populations of Lasallia pustulata are restricted to small islands of suitable habitat in the landscape: exposed non-calcareous boulders and cliff faces. In our study we sampled populations along a north-south gradient, including material from Norway, Germany, Poland, Austria, Spain and Portugal, and along an altitudinal gradient (0-1,700 m) at a locality in Spain. Preliminary analyses of haplotypes indicate very low genetic diversity in all fungal markers, but considerable levels of diversity in the photobiont markers. We observed that some photobiont genotypes are geographically widespread, whereas others are more locally restricted. Most populations contained several distinct photobiont haplotypes. 61 3B-2-O
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The 7 th IAL Symposium 2012 Lichens
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