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3B-2-P Lichen: from genome to ecosystem in a changing world (3B-2-P12) Submission ID: IAL0213-00001 LICHEN COMMUNITIES ON TSUGA HETEROPHYLLA IN COLD RAINFORESTS: WHAT DRIVES COMPOSITION AND RICHNESS? Taurer S. 1 , Wagner V. 2 , Hauck M. 3 , Spribille T. 4 1 University of Graz, Institute of Plant Sciences Graz, Graz, Austria 2 College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States 3 Abteilung Pflanzenoekologie und Oekosystemforschung, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany 4 Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States Epiphytic lichen communities in southeast Alaska are known to be among the richest of any high latitude, conifer-dominated region in the world. However, little is known of the local gradients that cause some lichen communities to be especially rich and others poor, and what causes local spikes in richness of cyanolichens. Understanding species distribution and richness concentration patterns is important since lichens are used for air quality and forest health monitoring. Epiphytic crust lichens were studied on 114 branches of Tsuga heterophylla trees at 19 different localities in low elevation boreal rainforests in the vicinity of Juneau, Alaska. Branches of equal cut-point diameter and controlled for overall collective twig mass were taken from different heights above the ground and in different light exposure situations with replication, and substrate element chemistry was determined by spectrometric analysis. Species richness was significantly correlated with a nutrient gradient (N content and C/N ratio as well as Zn content). A principal components analysis of species composition against quantified environmental gradients revealed a gradient between cyanolichen-dominated branches and those dominated by chlorolichens. This gradient was likewise primarily explained by the C/N ratio as well as tree and branch age and significant gradients in the content of Zn and other metals and cations. The results reinforce the importance of nutrient regimes and forest age structure in determining composition but suggest that cation gradients (such as Ca, Mg) ascribed importance for local enrichment of cyanolichen communities in inland regions may not explain as much variability in cold coastal rainforests. (3B-2-P13) Submission ID: IAL0284-00001 MICROLICHEN COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AS A WAY TO COMPREHEND TROPICAL DRY FOREST REGENERATION Miranda-González R. 1 , Lücking R. 2 , Mora- Ardila F. 3 , Barcenas-Peña A. 1 , Herrera- Campos M. A. 1 1 Botany, Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico 2 Botany, Field Museum, Chicago, United States 3 Botany, Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas (CIEco), UNAM, Morelia, Mexico The tropical dry forest is the most extensive ecosystem in the neotropics, and at the same time, one of the most endangered ones in the world. As a result, some studies aim to understand its regenerating process. The objective of this project was to comprehend the importance that lichen communities have in the succession process. For this, we analyzed the microlichen species cover in 204 trees at 4 levels of disturbance, ranging from 6 years after agricultural use to pristine areas, all on the Mexican Pacific coast. We found more than 120 lichen species. The best represented families were Arthoniaceae, Pyrenulaceae, Roccellaceae and Graphidaceae. Our analysis suggest that the lichen cover and richness recovers faster than expected, been the 18 years old forest statistically equal to the pristine areas. Nonetheless, the lichen community structure was completely different. Using an ordination analysis (NMS) we were able to distinguish the mature forest from all the levels of disturbance. We also found some lichens that can be used as indicators species of disturbance or conserved areas, mainly in the genera Pyrenula and Arthonia, as well as several new species. Using multivariate methods we analyzed the preference of species groups to some microenvironmental factors such as relative light intensity, phorophyte specificity and pH. Lastly we discuss the application of our results in conservation issues. 176
The 7 th International Association for Lichenology Symposium 2012 (3B-2-P14) Submission ID: IAL0289-00001 STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICANCEROUS ACTIVITY OF RAMALINA LACERA FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATION Ganesan A. 1 , Ponnusamy P. 1 1 Biotechnology, K.S.R. College of Technology, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India Highly reactive free radicals and oxygen species are present in biological systems from wide variety of sources. These free radicals may oxidize nucleic acids, proteins, lipids or DNA and can initiate degenerative disease may include chronic diseases like heart and cancer diseases. Antioxidant compounds such as phenolic acid, flavonoids and terpenoids in food samples play an important role as a health-protecting factor. Among the plant kingdom, lichens are very important in terms of production of bioactive compounds. They are symbiotic organism of both fungus and algae. It has the enormous biomedical applications leads to effective drug molecule preparation against particular target. Attempts were made to study the anticancerous and antioxidant activities using Ramalina lacera, a fruticose lichen. Sequential extraction of 7 g with 100 ml of five different solvents like chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water was carried out using a Soxhalet extractor for 12-15 cycles. The extractive value recorded was 18.2, 23.8, 10.2, 73.2 and 37.4 mg/g of dry lichen sample, respectively. Among the different solvent systems tested, ethyl acetate was found to be best in terms of rapid extraction of bioactive substances from lichens which were recorded as 73.2 mg/g of dry lichens. Further, extracts were subjected to DPPH antioxidant activity to measure the scavenging abilities against free radicals at different time intervals. The results revealed that ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts showed the inhibition of radical as 70.4% and 84%, respectively, whereas acetone did not show any activity against free radicals. Aqueous and chloroform extracts showed least inhibition activity of 15% and 1.74%, respectively. We conclude that bioactive antioxidant molecules mainly present in ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts. Both these extracts were subjected to study the efficacy against MCF-7 and Hela cancer cell lines. Ethanol extracts showed the better IC 50 than ethyl acetate extract and it was found to be 40µM against Hela cell lines whereas MCF-7 cell line was 30µM. (3B-2-P15) Submission ID: IAL0309-00002 FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL ROLE OF LICHEN BIOTA Martin L. 1 , Martin J. L. 1 1 Environmental Protection, Euroacademy, Tallinn, Estonia It is well known that the ecological (systemic) role of lichen biota in communities is determined by the symbiotic character of lichens. In ecological communities, lichens perform as one of the first visible components of highly complex ecosystems. At least three important processes are initiated by lichens: accumulation of organic material as a result of photosynthesis on initially life-free surfaces, chemical (biochemical, biogeochemical) transformation of substrate matter, and accumulation and transformation of matter deposited from atmosphere (both dry and wet). Four main peculiarities comprise the following: symbiotic photosynthesis, remarkable selfsurface of lichen thalli, passive and active accumulation of water and minerals through atmospheric moisture, active penetration of hyphae into substrate surface and bounding of airborne dust particles by hyphae. Substrate conditions change under the natural weathering (rock surfaces) or ageing (tree bark) processes or under the human impact (environment pollution s.l.). A specific group of substrates are man-made materials. In this case, some processes initiated by natural agents are the same as in natural substrates. Very often, man-made substrates change in different ways, mainly through oxidation, alkalization, or some other chemical or physical destructive processes. Lichens as complex organisms (systems) perform several biospheric functions of living mater, such as a gas function, two types of concentration functions, an oxidation-reduction function, an acidification-alkalization function, and a biochemical function. 177 3B-2-P
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The 7 th IAL Symposium 2012 Lichens
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The 7 th International Association
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Report The 7 th International Assoc
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