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Lichen: from genome to ecosystem in a changing world 1I-O (1I-O9) Submission ID: IAL0226-00004 INSIGHTS ON TREBOUXIA PHYCOBIONTS: COEXISTENCE OF TAXA IN A LICHEN THALLUS, MOLECULAR MARKERS, PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCES, HGT, GENOME ANALYSIS Barreno E. 1 , Lichen Symbiogenesis Team 2 1 Botany, Inst. Cavanilles of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Valencia / Burjassot, Spain 2 Botany, Plant Biology, Cell Biology, Biomedicine, Universities of Valencia, Alcala, Rey Juan Carlos, CSIC Valencia / Alcala De Henares Mostoles, Spain “Lichen Symbiogenesis Team” is the interdisciplinary group of Spanish scientists building on a common objective: to study the identity, genetic diversity and function of lichen phycobionts and its role in the complexity of the thalli. We are taking steps to gain insights on the knowledge of lichen symbiosis, and different approaches are being used to investigate lichen algae, especially those of the genus Trebouxia, in both lichenized and cultured ones. This it is doing through integration of molecular, anatomical, physiological and genome analyses. We have designed molecular markers (chloroplast, nuclear, mitochondrial) and ultrastructural methods to add precision to the circumscription of Trebouxia taxa, improving phylogenetic accuracy. Even, a single primer pair that can amplify a portion of the 23S rRNA gene gives a specific ortholog amplicon in a wide range of Cyanobacteria and plastid-bearing organisms, has been proposed. Our team demonstrated that in Ramalina farinacea two phycobionts of Trebouxia (TR1 and TR9) were always coexisting in a single thallus.TR1 and TR9 showed distinct physiological responses to oxidative stress caused by a ROS propagator, which produced a more severe decay in photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigments and proteins in TR1. Ramalina fraxinea was also investigated and phylogenetic analyses, based on new markers, indicated a high and unexpected diversification within the Trebouxia decolorans-like phycobionts; at least, five haplotypes and morphotypes were recognized and more than two Trebouxia may coexist. To understand the mechanisms involved in desiccation tolerance of lichens and their photobionts we studied dehydration rate and desiccation time in Trebouxia and Asterochloris. Our results indicate that there is an alternative mechanism of light energy dissipation during desiccation, where activation is dependent on a sufficiently slow dehydration rate. First evidence for fungal-associated NO in the regulation of oxidative stress during the early stages of rehydration - including chlorophyll photostability of the phycobionts- was provided as well as for the role of NO in the establishment of lichen symbiosis. The genomes of Trebouxia sp. TR-9 isolated from Ramalina farinacea have been partially sequenced by 454 pyrosequencing. We have identified mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes as well as interesting CO 2 concentrating or oxidative stress mechanisms among others. 6
The 7th International Association for Lichenology Symposium 2012 1A: Lichen conservation: concepts and action (1A – O1) Submission ID: IAL0133-00001 LICHEN CONSERVATION: FROM ACTIONS TO CONCEPTS AND BACK Scheidegger C. 1 , Stofer S. 1 1 Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland In this address we will highlight the various instruments in Conservation Biology and discuss their applicability for lichens. We will describe some examples of species recovery programs and describe which information was most helpful to convince local and national stakeholders of the need of lichen conservation measures. We will stress the importance that data on the lichen’s demography and life-cycle be communicated to the land-managers in their “language”. For the facilitation of the communication between the different stakeholders, e.g. land owner, land manager, regional and national conservations agencies, and scientists, a national data Centre for lichens proved to be very important. Conservation programs were most successful when local stakeholders took the initiative and developed conservation acting plans for species or lichen communities in their area. However, this process depends on the availability of national instruments that justify local conservation measures. National Red lists are the most frequently used instruments to define threat categories and conservation priorities. Establishing national Red Lists is a very demanding scientific task and its complexity is often underestimated by scientists and funding agencies. However, Red Lists are often the most solid scientific basis available on which conservation measures can be based upon. (1A – O2) Submission ID: IAL0129-00001 LUNGWORT’S PATH OF LEAST RESISTANCE IS A STEEPLECHASE IN THE FOREST: SMALL SCALE GENETIC PATTERN OF LOBARIA PULMONARIA IN A PRIMEVAL BEECH FOREST LANDSCAPE Nadyeina O. V. 1 , Dymytrova L. V. 1 , Naumovych G. O. 2 , Postoyalkin S. V. 2 , Scheidegger C. 3 1 Lichenology & Bryology, M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, Kyiv, Ukraine 2 Botany, Kherson State University, Kherson, Ukraine 3 Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Institute for forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland Lobaria pulmonaria is a widespread, but regionally threatened epiphytic lichen species with special habitat requirements to old-growth and primeval forests. The species is suffering a strong decline in managed forest landscapes in most areas of Europe and North America. Our study aimed at investigating epiphytic lichen species diversity and population genetics of L. pulmonaria in one of Europe’s largest primeval beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests, situated in the Ukrainian Carpathians, the Uholka-Shyrokoluzhanskyi branch of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve. Mountain slopes of this massif are covered by almost pure beech forests with varying altitudes from 400 to 1,500 m. occupying an area of 15,974 ha, almost 9,000 ha from which are considered to be virgin forests (Brändli & Dowhanytsch 2003). During 2009-2011 we have visited 339 plots and collected about 1,500 specimens from about 500 trees. Trees with L. pulmonaria were found in floodplain forests along the small streams (400-700 m alt.) and in relatively open forests on the mountain ridges close to the timberline (900-1,200 m alt.). Lobaria pulmonaria samples were genetically investigated with symbiont-specific microsatellite markers for myco- and phycobiont. A Bayesian analysis of the genetic population structure revealed two distinct clusters, which were distributed over the entire study area. One cluster was confined to floodplain forests and the second cluster was concentrated along the mountain ridges. On the mountain ridges, but not in the floodplain forests we found several admixed demes and a few individuals with an intermediate genotype. Intermediate genotype can be interpreted as F1 hybrid between the two different genetic clusters. 7 1A-O
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