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2A-2-P Lichen: from genome to ecosystem in a changing world 2A - 2: Parmeliaceae: improving our understanding of taxonomy, classification and biogeography (2A-2-P1) Submission ID: IAL0041-00001 THE PHYLOGENY OF USNEA (PARMELIACEAE) REVISITED Truong C. 1 , Divakar P. K. 2 , Yahr R. 3 , Crespo A. 2 , Clerc P. 1 1 Laboratoire de Systematique et Biodiversite, Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de Geneve, Chambesy, Switzerland 2 Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain 3 Lichen Biodiversity & Conservation, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom Usnea is a large, cosmopolitan genus, with an estimated 500 species. Numerous species exhibit exceptional morphological plasticity, which complicate the delimitation of species. Previous studies assessing the phylogeny of the genus Usnea were based mainly on temperate taxa and showed a lack of support among several of the clades studied. We investigated the phylogenetic relationships of Usnea species based on ITS, nuLSU, RPB1 and MCM7 data, from 246 new sequences and 149 sequences downloaded from Genbank. The whole dataset comprises 87 species from across the genus, with the inclusion of several tropical and newly described species. Individual and combined datasets were analyzed using maximum likelihood and a Bayesian inference. ITS being the most complete dataset available, a comparative reconstruction of phylogenies from a strict alignment (all ambiguous sites removed), a relaxed alignment (obtained from the software G-Block), a mixed alignment of DNA and codes for ambiguous sites (calculated with PICS-Ord) and without an a-priori alignment (using BAli-phy) will be presented. The combined analysis of ITS-nuLSU-MCM7-RPB1 significantly improved the support of several clades within the phylogeny. The ITS phylogeny reconstructed with BAli-phy is concordant with the combined analysis, suggesting that ambiguous sites within ITS contain a phylogenetic signal that need to be suitably analysed. (2A-2-P2) Submission ID: IAL0041-00002 TAXONOMIC STUDIES OF NEOTROPICAL USNEA SPECIES (PARMELIACEAE) Truong C. 1 , Clerc P. 1 1 Laboratoire de Systematique et Biodiversite, Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de Geneve, Chambesy, Switzerland Usnea is a highly diverse genus, with an estimated 500 species from polar, temperate and tropical regions worldwide. Species are mainly corticolous and are associated with cold and humid habitats, often in correlation with the presence of fog. Numerous species exhibit exceptional morphological plasticity, which complicate the delimitation of species. Modern taxonomic revisions of the genus Usnea have been realized in the Northern hemisphere but very little is known about neotropical taxa. A taxonomic study of Usnea species, based on morphological, anatomical and chemical characters, was realized in the neotropical Andes and the Galapagos Islands. More than 50 species were delimited so far, which we estimate to represent about half of the diversity of species from this region. Several new species were discovered and the diversity of species integrates elements from North America, tropical Africa, Macaronesia and even Asia. This emphasizes the importance of examining large geographic areas to better understand global distribution patterns in this cosmopolitan genus. 104
The 7 th International Association for Lichenology Symposium 2012 (2A-2-P3) Submission ID: IAL0058-00001 VARIABILITY IN EURASIAN VAGRANT LICHENS OF THE XANTHOPARMELIA PULLA GROUP Vondráková O. 1 1 Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Steppe, Orenburg, Russia With grant support (Visegrad scholarship 61-51000067) we have studied and revised more than 400 specimens from Europe, southern territories of Russia and Central Asia. Our appraisals have shown that vagrant fruticose phenotypes from the Xanthoparmelia pulla complex differ from saxicolous foliose specimens of X. pulla s.str. by absence of apothecia and some cortex and medullar characters. These phenotypes used to be classified as subspecies of X. pulla, but more recently, several species have been recognized among them. Nevertheless, we have observed intermediate individuals between various phenotypes. TLC and HPLC chromatographies were used for analyses of secondary metabolites. Majority of samples, including nomenclatural types of vagrant Xanthoparmelia pokornyi (Körb.) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Elix, D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch, X. ryssolea ryssolea (Ach.) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Elix, D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch and X. taurica (Mereschk.) S.Y. Kondr. contains the stenosporic acid as the main compound; this agrees with known data from literature. However, minority of terricolous vagrant specimens have absence of stenosporic acid and posses only the gyrophoric acid and one always present unknown substance. This newly recognized chemotype does not reflect morphological characters, but it is geographically well-determined, being restricted to regions around the northern Caspian Sea. Our ITS nrDNA sequences generated from samples of various phenotypes of Xanthoparmelia pulla s. lat. show extremely little variability most of them are identical and others only differ in one or two substitutions. It may be interpreted as (1) the locus is too conservative to recognize phylogenetic species within the group or (2) X. pulla s. lat. represents only one polymorphic phylogenetic species. Similar results from six loci provided the recent study on American vagrant Xanthoparmelia species by Leavitt et al. (2011). (2A-2-P4) Submission ID: IAL0063-00002 GENERA HYPOTRACHYNA AND REMOTOTRACHYNA IN BOLIVIA Flakus A. 1 , Rodriguez P. S. 2 , Kukwa M. 3 1 Laboratory of Lichenology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland 2 Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany 3 Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland The foliose lichen genera Hypotrachyna and Remototrachyna are currently represented in Bolivia by 46 and 5 species respectively. During the present study numerous species have been recorded as new to the country, including the southern most localities of Hypotrachyna halei and H. partita, the first record of H. primitiva for the Southern Hemisphere, and the second world locality of H. neoscytodes. A species of Remototrachyna is described as new to science. Based on anatomical and morphological characters, three species of Hypotrachyna have been transferred to Remototrachyna, the results suggesting that the latter is more diverse in the Neotropics than previously supposed; in view of the wider distribution of the genus, reconstruction of its ancestral area (previously thought to be restricted to India) requires re-evaluation. Research supported by NCBiR in Poland under the LIDER Program; project no. 92/L-1/09. 105 2A-2-P
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The 7 th IAL Symposium 2012 Lichens
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The 7 th International Association
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Report The 7 th International Assoc
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Lichen: from genome to ecosystem in
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