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3B-2-P Lichen: from genome to ecosystem in a changing world (3B-2-P2) Submission ID: IAL0057-00005 LICHENS AND STONE SURFACE DECAY OF THE TOMB OF CYRUS IN PASARGADAE (FARS PROVINCE, IRAN) Sohrabi M. 1 , Mohammadi P. 2 1 Botanical Museum, Department of Mycology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 2 Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran The cultural heritage of Iran comprises of a large number of historical stonework, including decorative and monumental art, dating back from pre-Islamic to contemporary eras. Many of the ancient monuments are exposed to chemical, physical and biological agents, which cause their degradation gradually. One of the most important monuments is Pasargadae (a city in ancient Persia) and the tomb of Cyrus the Great (559-530 BC), which is the second largest archaeological site in Iran after the imperial palace complex of Persepolis. Today, Pasargadae and the Tomb of Cyrus are listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. The grave which is built of large pieces of calcareous rock is located in an open, sun-exposed area. The exposed rock faces of the tomb are colonized by different species of lichenized and non-lichenized fungi, as well as of a few mosses and green algal species. In 2005, most of the growing lichens on the grave were photographed and a relatively small number of lichen samples (ca. 20) were collected for identification in the laboratory. In this study more than 10 species of lichens were found to grow on the grave. The interesting lichenized fungi are Acarospora cervina A. Massal., A. laqueata Stizenb., Anaptychia desertorum (Rupr) Poelt, Caloplaca biatorina (A.Massal.) J. Steiner, C. decipiens (Arnold) Blomb. & Forssell, C. erodens Tretiach, Pinna & Grube, Candelariella cf. vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg., Lecanora crenulata Hook, and some other poorly developed thalli of Acarospora sp., Aspicilia sp., Lecanora sp., Rinodina sp., and Verrucaria sp. were also detected. The climate of the study area is suitable for xerophilic lichens and fungi, therefore the saxicolous lichens with crustose growth forms are dominant on the rock surfaces of the tomb. (3B-2-P3) Submission ID: IAL0057-00010 LICHENS AROUND THE TANGIVAR STONE INSCRIPTION, KURDISTAN, IRAN Sohrabi M. 1 , Abbas Rouhollahi M. 2 1 Botanical Museum, Department of Mycology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 2 Faculty of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran Lichens play major roles in the biodeterioration of stone substrata, both physically and chemically. Their function as biological agents in soil development is indisputable. They are capable of damaging stone inscriptions within a relatively short time-scale. Some important ancient rock drawings and stone inscriptions in Iran are located in natural environments (often in the mountains). Many of them were colonized by several lichen species which are aggressive damaging the monuments. One of the recently observed monuments is the Tangivar stone inscription which is located in (Kurdistan, 50 km SE of Sanandaj, 10 km S of Palangan, Tangivar, with altitude 1,200 m, and GPS information: 35° 0’ 14” North, 46° 37’ 34” East). The Tangivar monument is positioned on a high cliff c. 30 m. above the ground surface. To avoid damaging monuments the collecting of lichen specimens was prohibited by the local authorities. Therefore, the most common species growing around the monuments were observed and c. 20 specimens were collected from rocks surrounding the monuments where it is permitted. Our results show that several species that may cause grave damage to the monument, including Acarospora interrupta, A. laqueata, A. cervina, A. aspera s.l., Caloplaca decipiens, Lobothallia praeradiosa, Placocarpus schaereri, and Polysporina urceolata. Some of the critical specimens that need further study are A. aff. farinosa, Aspicilia cf syriaca, Caloplaca cf. biatorina, Candelariella sp., Lecanora gr. muralis, Thallinocarpon sp., and Placidium sp. Some color photographs of these species are presented on the MYCO-LICH website (www.myco-lich. com). 170
The 7 th International Association for Lichenology Symposium 2012 (3B-2-P4) Submission ID: IAL0060-00001 ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF VERRUCARIA S.LAT. (VERRUCARIACEAE) Krzewicka B. 1 1 Laboratory of Lichenology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland Verrucaria s.lat. includes crustose, areolate and placodioid species characterized by immersed or sessile perithecia often covered by an involucrellum, with simple and colourless ascospores, without paraphyses and with periphyses. Species of Verrucaria s.lat. grow on calcareous or siliceous rocks, or occasionally on soil and bark, or parasitically on other lichens; foliicolous species have been discovered in the tropics. They develop in terrestrial or aquatic freshwater and maritime habitats. During a critical revision of Verrucaria s.lat. in Poland (2006-2011), a total of 57 species were accepted (including newly reported taxa) belonging to seven genera currently distinguished within Verrucaria s.lat.: Bagliettoa (4 species), Hydropunctaria (3), Parabagliettoa (3), Placopyrenium (3), Verrucaria (38), Verrucula (4) and Verruculopsis (2). These genera have diverse habitat preferences and play an important role in a variety of ecosystems. The genus Bagliettoa contains species growing on calcareous or mortar substrates sufficiently exposed to the sun, in low to moderate eutrophic environments. They are saxicolous, calcicolous, xerophilous, photophilous, and slightly to moderately nitrophilous species. The genus Hydropunctaria comprises saxicolous, hydrophilic (aquatic or amphibious), non-calcareous species, colonizing either marine or freshwater habitats. Parabagliettoa is composed of species growing on calcareous rocks, in both moderately sunny and shady sites. Species of Placopyrenium often grow parasitically, especially at young developmental stages, or later parasymbiotically on lichen hosts growing on different substrate types, often on both calcareous and siliceous rocks. Verrucaria species occur on various rocks, rarely on bark or soil, in terrestrial, maritime or freshwater habitats. Verrucula contains exclusively parasitic species growing on thalli or rarely on apothecia of lichens containing anthraquinones. Verruculopsis is another mostly parasitic genus, but in Poland only its non-parasitic members have been recorded on vertical to horizontal surfaces of rocks in sunny and exposed places. This project was supported by the Ministry of Education and Higher Education in Poland (2010-2013), grant no. N N 304 170539. (3B-2-P5) Submission ID: IAL0087-00001 PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF LICHEN DIVERSITY ON STONE MONUMENTS IN NAKHON RATCHASIMA PROVINCE, THAILAND Pitakpong A. 1 , Muangsan N. 1 , Suwanwaree P. 1 1 Suranaree University of Technology, Science, Nakhonratchasima, Thailand The objective of this study was to investigate saxicolous lichens on stone monuments in Nakhon Ratchasima province, during May to July 2011. The total of 135 specimens were collected from eight sites: Prasat Khonburi, Prasat Pha Kho, Prasat Hin Phi Mai, Prasat Hin Phanom Wan, Prang Ku, Prasat Muang Sema, Prasat Muang Khak and Prasat Muang Khorat at the elevation 130-200 meters above sea level. Four physical factors on lichens were measured; temperature (31-35 °C), humidity of air (46-59%), light intensity (27,333-61,833 lux) and pH of substrates (6.1-7.7). The samples were identified into 11 families, 17 genera and 22 species. Seventeen genera of lichens were Pyxine, Physcia, Dirinaria, Hyperphyscia, Chrysothrix, Amandinea, Dimelaena, Diploschistes, Lecanora, Parmotrema, Peltula, Porina, Bacidia, Lepraria, Leproloma, Caloplaca, and Buellia. Pyxine and Caloplaca were commonly found in all eight sites. 171 3B-2-P
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The 7 th IAL Symposium 2012 Lichens
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The 7 th International Association
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