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Lichen: from genome to ecosystem in a changing world 2I-P (2I-P5) Submission ID: IAL0163-00001 GENETIC DIVERSITY OF SPECIMENS AND THEIR CULTURED MYCOBIONTS OF CLADONIA VULCANI Yoshitani A. 1 , Fujiwara T. 1 , Hara K. 1 , Komine M. 1 , Yamamoto Y. 1 1 Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan Lichen mycobionts can be isolated by two culture methods of their ascospores or tissues (thallus fragments). The tissue culture method was described as follows. It used one or a few thallus fragments. After washing and homogenizing they were divided into segments having the size from 150 to 500 µm. The segments were placed on agar plates of malt-yeast extract (MY) medium at 18°C. After 8 months they were harvested. We previously found that cultured mycobionts obtained from podetia of Cladonia spp. by the tissue culture method showed the wide variety of colors and forms. Therefore, we investigated the genetic diversity distributed in specimens and their cultured mycobionts of Cladonia vulcani collected at four sites in the same area in Akita, Japan. We analyzed sequences of the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer in each four podetia collected at four sites and decided their genotypes. It was proved that the composition of genotypes is different between each collecting site and there were a few genotypes in the same site. Consequently, we confirmed that C. vulcani in tested area had seven haplotypes. Besides, we divided two half parts of up- and down-sides of each four podetia collected at the same site and subjected to the DNA analysis. We found the up-side half parts and the down-side half parts were same genotype from same one podetium. Cut podetia in half lengthwise collected at four sites. The half lengthwise parts were subjected to the DNA analysis. Other parts were done to the tissue culture and were subjected to the DNA analysis. We found same genotypes between podetium and tissue culture from same one podetium. Cultured mycobionts we obtained showed three colors, violet-blue, flesh-color and brown. We supposed that the colors of cultured mycobionts were not dependent from their genotypes. (2I-P6) Submission ID: IAL0168-00001 THE YEAST-TO MYCELIAL-PHASE TRANSITIONS OF A LICHEN-FORMING FUNGUS UMBILICARIA MUEHLENBERGII Luo H. 1 , Qiu Z. 2 , Hur J. 3 1 Korean Lichen Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China 2 College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, jinan, People’s Republic of China 3 Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Korea Umbilicaria muehlenbergii is the first discovered lichenized fungus with. It exists as mycelium at the symbiotic state, and as yeast at the free living state. Among the hundreds of cultures of the yeast on petri-dish in our lab, one yeast colony transited to mycelial-form on one plate. However, whether this transition is accidental or inevitable, and what are the factors to induce this transition are still unclear. In order to find out some clues, the present study was designed. The yeast form fungus was cultured under different conditions, including different temperatures, illuminations, with or without algae for one month. The results indicated that, the alternative temperature had a remarkable effect on the growth of the yeast and the transition to mycelial phase. Yeast grows quickly under 15°C, while did not grow at 25°C. However all yeast transited to mycelium under the alternative temperature (15°C 12 h/25°C 12 h). Under the alternative temperature, high density of illumination inhibited the growth of mycelium; 1 min of UV exposure increased the growth of mycelium. Co-culture with photobiont algae improved the growth of both bionts and induced the transition from yeast to mycelium. The results suggested that, the yeast-to mycelial-phase transition of lichen-forming fungus U. muehlenbergii is inevitable under some certain conditions such as the alternative temperature and the co-culture with photobiont. These feathers are relatively similar with those of some animal or plant pathogenic fungi, suggesting a close relationship or a common basis to the development of the two morphologies between lichenized fungi and pathogenic fungi. 96
The 7 th International Association for Lichenology Symposium 2012 (2I-P7) Submission ID: IAL0174-00003 CHARACTER STATE EVOLUTION IN THE LICHEN-FORMING LINEAGE TRYPETHELIALES (DOTHIDEOMYCETES, ASCOMYCOTA) Nelsen M. P. 1 , Lücking R. 2 , Aptroot A. 3 , Andrew C. J. 2 , Lumbsch H.T. 2 , Ree R. 2 1 Committee on Evolutionary Biology / Department of Botany, University of Chicago, Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, United States 2 Department of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, United States 3 Lichenology, ABL Herbarium, Soest, Netherlands We present a detailed phylogeny (mtSSU, nuLSU, RPB2) of the fungal order Trypetheliales. While some genera and species groups, such as Aptrootia, Architrypethelium and the Trypethelium eluteriae group are each recovered as monophyletic, the monophyly of a large number of genera in their current sense, such as Trypethelium, Astrothelium and Bathelium is rejected, forcing a re-evaluation of generic concepts in this group. As previous classification schemes were based on the evolutionary conservation of a number of morphological characters, such as ascospore septation and color, ostiole orientation and perithecial arrangement, we re-evaluated the evolution of these characters in light of phylogeny. Additionally, we examined whether morphological diversification through time was correlated with taxonomic diversification (cladogenesis), and allowed us to identify if morphological diversity is disproportionately partitioned among or within subclades within Trypetheliales. (2I-P8) Submission ID: IAL0211-00002 CRYPTIC DIVERSITY OF LECIDEOID LICHEN SPECIES (LECANORACEAE & LECIDEACEAE) IN CONTINENTAL ANTARCTICA (ROSS SEA REGION) Ruprecht U. 1 , Brunauer G. 1 , Green T. A. 2 , Türk R. 1 1 Organismic Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria 2 Biological Sciences, Waikato University, Hamilton, New Zealand The diversity of mainly saxicolous crustose lichens with lecideine apothecia in continental Antarctica is poorly known. Although lecideoid lichens are a diverse mixture of quite distantly related groups, they all share a similar morphology due to the ecological niche they are living in. This inconspicuous appearance not only complicates species identification but also genetic analysis because most of the biomass is growing in tight connection with rock surfaces. The limited availability of fresh samples from Antarctica in combination with the difficulties in genetic analysis is the reason why almost no reference sequences were found in public databases before the present study started. To overcome difficulties with the morphology-based species delimitations in these groups, molecular data were employed to test boundaries of the sampled species within the family Lecanoraceae (Carbonea, Lecanora, Lecidella, Rhizoplaca) and the genus Lecidea. Sampling was done along a north to south transect at five different areas in the Ross Sea region - continental Antarctica with more than 250 lecideoid specimens from 13 localities. The study also includes specimens from other regions in Antarctica and non - Antarctic areas. Phylogenetic analyses divide the samples from continental Antarctica into more groups than described before. Higher species diversity, higher endemism as previously thought and a more obvious classification of variable species were the results of this study. The phylogenetic estimate revealed the existence of several previously undescribed clades. Based on this phylogenetic estimate, we restudied the micromorphology and secondary chemistry of these previously unrecognized groups to evaluate the use of these characters as phylogenetic discriminators. Seven clades within the family Lecanoraceae were identified as the following species: Carbonea vorticosa, a previously unnamed clade of uncertain status, referred to as Carbonea sp. (URm1), Lecanora fuscobrunnea, Lecanora physciella, a novel species Lecidella greenii Ruprecht & Türk, Lecidella siplei and Rhizoplaca macleanii. Four clades were identified in the genus Lecidea as Lecidea andersonii, L. cancriformis as well as the novel species L. polypycnidophora Ruprecht & Türk sp. nov. and a second clade of uncertain status, referred to as Lecidea sp. (UCR1). 97 2I-P
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The 7 th IAL Symposium 2012 Lichens
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The 7 th International Association
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Welcome Message The 7 th Internatio
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Report The 7 th International Assoc
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Lichen: from genome to ecosystem in
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