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Lichen: from genome to ecosystem in a changing world 2B-P (2B-P20) Submission ID: IAL0017-00001 IS LICHEN SPECIES RICHNESS LINKED TO LAND COVER PATTERN AT LARGE SCALES IN FORESTS ACROSS THE USA? Will-Wolf S. 1 , Morin R. S. 2 , Ambrose M. J. 3 , Riitters K. 4 , Jovan S.E. 5 1 Botany, University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin / Madison, Wisconsin, United States 2 Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Pennsylvania / Newtown Square, United States 3 Forestry & Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, North Carolina / Raleigh, United States 4 Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, North Carolina / Raleigh, United States 5 Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Oregon / Portland, United States We studied the response of Lichen S, an index of lichen species richness, to five land cover metrics in six large regions of the coterminous USA. We found in an earlier study that climate and pollution explain 20-40% of variation in Lichen S in these same regions. Lichen S is number of macrolichen species from timed samples of fixed-area forested plots, using data from a national USA forest inventory. Our questions were 1) is land cover correlated with Lichen S across large regions, 2) is land cover correlated with climate and air quality, and 3) does inclusion of land cover variables improve analyses of Lichen S response? Our analysis tools, correlation and linear regression with ranked data, gave robust results comparable across regions, at some cost of lower statistical power. In three western USA regions strong correlations between climate and land cover suggest climate is more important to explain Lichen S. In three eastern USA regions we found an effect of land cover on Lichen S independent from climate and pollution. We found response of Lichen S to land cover was mostly stronger as size of area evaluated around a plot increased, with much variability between regions. Percentage of nearby area forested was the single most useful land cover metric, though no single land cover variable or response model was best in all regions. We found that climate, pollution, and land cover together explain 30-47% of variation in Lichen S at least for eastern USA; an improvement from the previous study. Several follow-up studies are suggested. (2B-P21) Submission ID: IAL0278-00001 COMPARISON OF THE DIVERSITY OF GRAPHIS SPECIES IN DIFFERENT VEGETATION TYPES IN MEXICO Bárcenas A. 1 , Herrera-Campos M. 1 , Miranda González R. 1 , Lücking R. 2 1 Botanica, Instituto de Biologia Unam, Coyoacan, Distrito Federal, Mexico 2 Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, United States Patterns and processes leading to the heterogenous distribution of biodiversity can be studied altitudinally, latitudinally, in different environments and with different degrees of anthropogenic disturbance, and focusing on different taxa. In this study we investigate the ecogeographical distribution of the genus Graphis (Graphidaceae). This genus exhibits a wide tropical distribution and high species diversity, with over 300 accepted species. We compared the species diversity and composition of Graphis in Mexico in two contrasting ecosystems: the Tropical Rain Forest in Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz and the Tropical deciduous forest in Chamela, Jalisco. For each site, the Graphis species, the pH bark and DBH of the colonized phorophytes, and seasonal fluctuations in light and evaporation were recorded along ten points each within three 450 m transects, considering both the canopy and the understory. Alpha, beta, and gamma diversity were calculated. The structure of Graphis communities for each ecosystem was analyzed using X2 and Kruskal Wallis ANOVA, as well as cluster and NMS analyses. The highest species diversity was found in the canopy of the tropical rain forest, where constantly high values of light and evaporation were recorded during the two seasons. On the other hand, in the Tropical deciduous forest, the number of species was lower, and no correlation with environmental parameters was. At both sites, a low correlation was found between species diversity and bark pH and DBH of the trees. 126
The 7 th International Association for Lichenology Symposium 2012 (2B-P22) Submission ID: IAL0201-00003 DIVERSITY, ECOGEOGRAPHY, AND SYSTEMATICS OF THE LICHEN GENUS STICTA IN COLOMBIA Moncada Cárdenas B. 1 1 Licenciatura En Biologia, Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas, Bogota, Distrito Capital, Colombia Sticta is one of the genera of macrolichens most frequently collected in the highlands of the tropics. In their 2008 checklist, Sipman and colleagues cited 26 species for Colombia. The present work is a taxonomic revision of the genus for this country. As main result, at least 68 species are recognized, which possibly more than 30 being new species, along with several new reports and new combinations. One of the most striking cases is the segregation of at least ten new species which were traditionally included in the broad concept of S. fuliginosa, but morpho-anatomical and molecular analysis demonstrated that they are not only different species but also not even closely related. A similar case is the S. weigelii-beauvoisii-carolinensis complex. These species are morphologically similar but show subtle differences in their reproductive structures and other characters such as the cyphellae. This species complex compares to species from North America, but molecular data separate the species in different clades. With respect to the general taxonomy of Sticta, novel characters are added to complement the already known features to facilitate the recognition of species groups and species. These include a new classification for cyphellae, tomentum, the shape of isidia, phyllidia and lobules, as well as the cells at the base of the cyphellae. Our results indicate that the greater diversity of the group is found in the Andean regions above 2,000 m, the paramo regions being the richest in diversity. It was found that the proportion of species with cyanobionts far exceeded the number of species with chlorobionts, especially in the paramo regions. Therefore, quantitative sampling was conducted in the paramo area and it was shown that species with cyanobionts may contribute substantially to the nitrogen cycle in paramo ecosystems due to their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Many of the species of Sticta found in Colombia are more widely distributed in the Neotropics, and therefore the results can be at least partially applied to a region spanning from southern Mexico to northern Bolivia and Peru. 127 2B-P
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