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Lichen: from genome to ecosystem in a changing world 2B-P (2B-P5) Submission ID: IAL0315-00001 BIODIVERSITY OF LICHENS IN EASTERN GHATS OF SOUTHERN INDIA Ponnusamy P. 1 , Ganesan A. 1 1 Biotechnology, K.S.R. College of Technology, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India The Eastern Ghats of southern India constitute an important biogeographic area of about 75,000 square kilometers through a chain of fragmented and distinct hill ranges. The forests in Eastern Ghats are more affected by human influence, since they experience heavy pressure on all sides, compared to Western Ghats and Himalayas. Present study deals with the distribution of lichens and environmental factors which are responsible for the growth of lichens in Yercaud hills of Eastern Ghats. Lichen distribution was noticed at 20-35 feet away from the roadsides and these were very much less at the edges of the Yercaud hills and even absent in urban areas. Yercaud hills contain (i) evergreen forest, (ii) semi evergreen forest, (iii) riparian forest and (iv) dry mixed deciduous forests at different locations. The results showed that lichens of both fruticose and crustose is very widespread and density is also high at moderate attitude areas. On the other hand, foliose species were found to be abundant in the higher altitude areas. The prevalence of many species was gradually increased towards the center of the Yercaud hills due to increased altitude level with low temperature and high relative humidity (RH). A total of 28 species belonging to 4 genera were recorded. Rainfall and maximum RH factors are positively correlated to the number of lichens whereas low temperature and maximum sunshine hours are negatively correlated. Environmental factors were correlated with lichen growth and development. Further attempts were made to correlate the existence of lichens with tree bark samples with reference to pH. The results revealed that lichen could survive well in the pH ranging from 4.4 to 5.8. pH is also one of the essential factors responsible for existence of lichens on substrata for attachment of mycobionts. Even the toxic gases were tolerated efficiently by lichen communities at pH range of 4.0 to 5.5. Existence of lichens on non-living substrata showed the most colonies observed on brick wall (36.7) followed by rock (31.3) and least in soil (13.0). (2B-P6) Submission ID: IAL0078-00001 ASSOCIATION OF ENDOLICHENIC FUNGI WITH SOME MACROLICHENS IN CENTRAL WESTERN GHATS OF KARNATAKA, INDIA Krishnamurthy Y. 1 1 Applied Botany, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka, India There are several studies on endophytic microorganisms of higher plants. Very few studies were carried out on the isolation of endolichenic fungi from the lichen thallus. This study examined some lichen species for isolation of endolichenic fungi from the internal parts to know association of endolichenic fungi within thalli of macrolichens which are commonly occur in central Western Ghats, Karnataka, India. A total of eleven lichen specimens were collected from trees of different habitats. Apparently healthy looking lichen thalli were collected in paper bags, were brought to the laboratory and isolated and identified with standard protocols. A total of 30 different endolichenic fungal species were recovered from 11 species of lichens. Twenty four species of fungi have produced fructifications in culture and have been identified to genus or species level and rest were sterile form. Higher colonization rate (59.5%-100%) of endolichenic fungi was observed among eleven lichen species in this study. Higher colonization rate was observed in Parmotrema tinctorum and Ramalina pacifica and moderate in Cladonia fruticulosa. Among 24 detected species most of them were belonging to Ascomycotina and all other isolates categorized as Mycelia sterilia. The present study revealed that the endolichenic fungi like Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Phoma and Xylaria spp. were frequently isolated from lichen thalli. The endolichenic fungi assist in lichen formation and growth and act as antagonistically against insect herbivores. Some endolichenic fungi can also produce bioactive substance inside lichen thalli. 116
The 7 th International Association for Lichenology Symposium 2012 (2B-P7) Submission ID: IAL0152-00001 THE LICHENS OF MOUNTAIN-TAIGA DARK CONIFEROUS FORESTS OF THE SOUTHERN URAL AND THE SOUTHERN SIBERIA (RUSSIA) Urbanavichene I. 1 1 Laboratory of Lichenology, Botanical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia Mountain-taiga dark coniferous forests are one of the most endangered ecosystems in Russia. These forests host extraordinarily rich lichen flora. The wind exposure of slopes of respective ranges of the Southern Ural and Southern Siberia may influence a specific microclimate, e.g. windward slopes have higher air humidity, supporting presence of sensitive lichens in the mountain dark coniferous forests. In addition, the lichen diversity is closely related to tree composition and age of dark coniferous forests-Abies sibirica, Pinus sibirica and Picea obovata. These shade-providing trees create optimal conditions for lichens, with a wide variety of microhabitats and substrates. The more xeric larch mountain forests in Southern Siberia have about half the lichen species number of the dark coniferous forests. For example, about 380 lichen species are confined to dark coniferous forests (with Abies sibirica and Pinus sibirica) of Hamar-Daban mountain range (Southern Baikal). Abies sibirica in Southern Baikal area has the greatest epiphytic lichen species richness (169 species from 60 genera) of any tree species. These forests provide favorable situation for a significant number of unique ‘oceanic’ lichen species in the continental regions of Northern Eurasia. Humid coniferous forests in Western and Eastern Sayan, Khamar-Daban (Southern Siberia) are important refuges for old-growth forest indicator macrolichens like Sticta fuliginosa, S. limbata, S. wrightii, Usnea longissima and other. Menegazzia terebrata and Pyxine sorediata have been recorded for the first time in the Southern Ural Mts (Malyi Uvan) from fir-spruce forest. (2B-P8) Submission ID: IAL0184-00001 THE LICHENS FROM FAMILIES GYALECTACEAE STIZENB. AND COENOGONIACEAE (FR.) STIZENB. IN RUSSIA Gagarina L. V. 1 1 Lichenology and Bryology, Komarov Botanical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia The lichen families Gyalectaceae and Coenogoniaceae are widespread in the world. They prefer humid habitats and old-growth forests and occur on different substrates (bark, rock, soil etc.). At present twenty two species are known from Russia. The most of them belong to family Gyalectaceae – twenty species. Gyalectaceae have a wide distribution in Russia: from arctic regions on the north to temperate zone and subtropics on the south. The most numerous is genus Gyalecta. It is represented in the country by fourteen species: G. derivata (Nyl.) H. Olivier, G. flotovii Körb., G. foveolaris (Ach.) Schaer., G. friesii Flot ex Körb., G. geoica (Wahlenb. ex Ach.) Ach., G. jenensis (Batsch) Zahlbr., G. kukriensis (Räsänen) Räsänen, G. liguriensis (Vězda) Vězda, G. nigricans Vain., G. peziza (Mont.) Anzi, G. subclausa Anzi, G. titovii Gagarina, G. truncigena (Ach.) Hepp, G. ulmi (Sw.) Zahlbr. in Engl. et Prantl. Two more genera from Gyalectaceae are known from Russia: Belonia Körb. – B. mediterranea Nav.-Ros. & Llimona, B. russula Körb. ex Nyl., B. herculina (Rehm in Lojka) Keissl. in Rabenh., and Pachyphiale Lönnr. – P. carneola (Ach.) Arnold, P. fagicola (Hepp in Arnold) Zwackh, P. ophiospora Lettau ex Vězda. Coenogoniaceae species occur in the world mainly in tropical areas. In Russia only two species from the family have been found. They are Coenogonium pineti (Schrad. ex Ach.) Lücking & Lumbsch in Lücking et al. and C. luteum (Dicks.) Kalb & Lücking. 117 2B-P
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The 7 th IAL Symposium 2012 Lichens
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The 7 th International Association
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Welcome Message The 7 th Internatio
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Report The 7 th International Assoc
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