Message - 7th IAL Symposium

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Lichen: from genome to ecosystem in a changing world KEYNOTE LECTURE 4 Thursday 12 th January 2012 09:00 – 10:00 hrs. Venue: Chaophya Ballroom, 2 nd floor, Main Building Professor Dr. Jouko Rikkinen University of Helsinki, Finland E-mail: jouko.rikkinen@helsinki.fi Topic: Symbiotic dispersal and lichen diversity – new insights from Cenozoic fossils and extant cyanolichens Position: Professor of Botany, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland Primary research interests and ongoing projects: • Symbiont diversity in lichens and bryophyte symbioses. Doctoral students Katja Fedrowitz and Sanna Leppänen; graduate students Kaisa Jauhiainen and Veera Tuovinen. • Cyanobacterial toxins in lichens and Nostoc-plant symbioses, Academy of Finland 2008–2011. Doctoral student Ulla Kaasalainen. In collaboration with Prof. Kaarina Sivonen http://www. biocenter.helsinki.fi/groups/sivonen/gl.htm. • Palaeobiology of cryptogams preserved in amber. Graduate student Elina Kettunen. In col laboration with Dr. Alexander Schmidt http://www.uni-goettingen.de/en/101998.html. • Systematics and ecology of resinicolous fungi, especially Mycocaliciales. Doctoral student Hanna Tuovila. • Taita Research Station of University of Helsinki (Taita Hills, Kenya) http://blogs.helsinki.fi/ taita-research-station/. Graduate students Mervi Laitinen and Petri Nyqvist. • Pinkka – lajintuntemuksen oppimisympäristö (‘Pinkka’ – E-learning environment for biodiversity education). http://www.helsinki.fi/pinkka/ More details: https://tuhat.halvi.helsinki.fi/portal/en/persons/jouko-rikkinen(a97cbe18-8aad-410d-b2adcbd23ee72268).html Education: • 1999 Docent Lecturer in Botany, University of Helsinki • 1997–1998 Post-Doctoral Fellow, Oregon State University • 1995 Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), University of Helsinki • 1988 Master of Science (MSc), University of Helsinki xxvi
The 7 th International Association for Lichenology <strong>Symposium</strong> 2012 SYMBIOTIC DISPERSAL AND LICHEN DIVERSITY – NEW INSIGHTS FROM CENOZOIC FOSSILS AND EXTANT CYANOLICHENS Rikkinen J. 1 1 Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Some Paleozoic fossils may represent lichens, but their assignment to extant lineages is not possible due to their incomplete preservation, and the morphological homoplasy seen in extant lichen lineages. In contrast, during the Cenozoic numerous lichens were preserved as inclusions in amber. Some of these fossils are in excellent condition, and allow detailed comparisons with extant genera and species. Such fossils can be used for minimum age assessment of modern lichen lineages, but also offer unique evidence of evolutionary stasis in some morphological attributes, including structures that facilitate symbiotic dispersal in extant lichens. The first part of this presentation summarizes recent, previously unpublished findings from lichen fossils preserved in Baltic, Bitterfeld, and Dominican amber. Cyanobacteria participate in many types of symbioses, either serving as a source of fixed carbon and nitrogen, as in cyanolichens, or solely as a source of nitrogen, as in plant symbioses. Some strains of Nostoc are common symbionts in lichens and related genotypes are also found in thalloid bryophytes, cycads, and in the angiosperm Gunnera. Attempts to determine the strain identity of the cyanobacterial symbiont have only been made for a small fraction of all cyanolichen species. Tropical cyanolichens, in particular, have so far received very little attention. The second part of the presentation summarizes findings from ongoing studies on the genetic diversity of cyanobacterial symbionts in lichens and bryophytes. The topics touched include tripartite lichens, free-living lichen symbionts, and various community level diversity patterns in arctic, temperate and tropical environments. One unifying theme in both lines of research is the role of symbiotic dispersal in generating and maintaining biological diversity among lichen symbionts. The surprising level of genetic variation in modern lichen-symbiotic Nostoc may be partly explained by genetic drift in small, vertically transmitted symbiont populations. The Cenozoic lichen fossils show that such processes have had the opportunity to shape the genetic structure of lichen symbionts over tens of millions of years. xxvii
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