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Lichen: from genome to ecosystem in a changing world 3A-P (3A-P20) Submission ID: IAL0201-00010 THE STICTA WEIGELII COMPLEX (LOBARIACEAE): TROPICAL TAXA ADD ANOTHER LEVEL OF COMPLEXITY Moncada Cardenas B. 1 , Lücking R. 2 1 Licenciatura en Biologia, Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas, Bogota, Distrito Capital, Colombia 2 Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, United States The correct application of the name weigelii is one of the great mysteries in the lichen genus Sticta. Traditionally, most material with a cyanobacterial photobiont, non-pedunculate thalli, and marginal isidia has been named Sticta weigelii by a variety of authors. In a molecular phylogenetic study, McDonald and co-authors in 2003 restricted the application of the name to specimens with cylindrical isidia and a K+ yellow medulla. This was confirmed by Galloway in 2006, after having studied the type material. In the course of a survey of the genus Sticta in Colombia and Costa Rica, it was found that material which fitted the concept of S. weigelii belonged to a larger number of different morphotypes, separated chiefly by lobe configuration, color of the upper and lower side, cyphellae morphology, and type and color of the isidia. In a parallel study, it was also discovered that the K-reaction of the medulla depended, in part, on the way material was collected and dried: specimens kept moist for a prolonged time or dried in a plant press or with heat tended to have a K+yellow medulla, even if thallus portions of the same specimens which had been air-dried exhibited a K-negative medulla. It was therefore clear that neither the molecular study performed by McDonald et al. nor the description of the type material provided by Galloway was sufficient to elucidate the correct application of the name weigelii, and we restudied the type to assess characters such as lobe configuration, coloration, and type of isidia. It was found that the name weigelii applies to a clade of tropical specimens that has a much branched thallus with canaliculate, dark brown lobes, delicate, cylindrical to coralloid, brown-black isidia, and a dark brown tomentum on the underside throughout. 162
The 7 th International Association for Lichenology Symposium 2012 (3A-P21) Submission ID: IAL0204-00001 HOW MANY SPECIES ARE THERE IN RHIZOCARPON GEOGRAPHICUM GROUP? A PHYLOGENETIC STUDY OF THE COMPLEX Roca-valiente B. 1 , Pérez-ortega S. 2 , Sancho L. 1 , Crespo A. 1 1 Biología Vegetal II, UCM, Madrid, Spain 2 Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain The Rhizocarpon geographicum group described by Runemark (1956) includes currently almost 24 yellow pigmented species with I+ blue reacting medulla and muriform ascospores. The taxonomy of the group has only suffered minor changes during the last 50 years. However, species delimitation within the group is still a highly problematic issue. We studied the inter- and intraspecific variation in the R. geographicum group using the results from two sets of characters: anatomic-morphological and molecular characters. In a global view, we compared the results with a possible eco-geographic pattern. Specimens of 14 species from high altitudes in the Iberian Peninsula (100 samples) were studied in detail to clarify the phylogeny of morphological species under a molecular framework. More than 20 morphological and chemical characters were statistically studied. 150 specimens included in the R. geographicum group from 14 locations distributed worldwide (North-Pole, Europe, America, Asia, Oceania and South-Pole), as well as other closely related taxa, were investigated in order to shed light on the biogeography of the group. Molecular data were obtained from ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial LSU for the mycobiont. Phylogenetic inference was performed using Maximum Parsimony methods and Bayesian (MC) 3 tree-sampling. Our results showed that: (I) All the specimens studied and previously classified as members of the R. geographicum group formed a monophyletic clade, supported by high bootstrap and posterior probability. (II) Morphological characters traditionally used in the identification of species were proved to be highly plastic and inconsistent, leading to a fuzzy taxonomy within this group. The morphological variability observed could be due to the plasticity of the characters and their adaptation to different micro-ecological conditions. (III) We suggest that the genus Rhizocarpon needs a thorough review based on a combined morphological and molecular data: our results have shown that R. superficiale species is not included in the subgenus Rhizocarpon s. str. and is closer to the subgenus Phaeotallus. (IV) The R. geographicum group includes several well-supported clades that show a bipolar distribution pattern; many samples are distributed in highly distant geographical areas. (V) Molecular data also showed a high genetic diversity within the studied populations. 163 3A-P
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