Message - 7th IAL Symposium

The 7 th International Association for Lichenology Symposium 2012
(2I-O5) Submission ID: IAL0098-00001
RECONSTRUCTION OF ANCESTRAL STATES USING PHYLOGENIES:
PARMELIACEAE AS A CASE STUDY
Kauff F. 1 , Divakar P.K. 2 , Lumbsch H. T. 3 , Crespo A. 2
1 Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
2 Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
3 Department of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, United States
Parmelioid lichens are a diverse and ubiquitous group of foliose lichens. Molecular phylogenetic studies
have confirmed or rejected the monophyly of various genera – some newer, some older - , and others, previously
believed to be unrelated, fell within single monophyletic groups. Reliable phylogenies for the parmelioid
lichens enable us to further address the question of character evolution in this challenging group of lichens. Our
recent study of 762 specimens using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of combined datasets of up
to four loci served as a starting point for a reconstruction of ancestral states for several nodes of interest. Maximum
Likelihood and Bayesian Methods with the MESQUITE and BayesCharacters software packages were
used, implementing and comparing binary and multistate character coding together with one- or multi-parameter
models. All major monophyletic clades and subclades within the parmelioid lichens were analyzed for various
sets of morphological and chemical chracters, e.g. growth form, habitat, epicortex, and others. For example,
for the parmelioid lichens a non-pored epicortex with pseudocyphellae and the presence of usnic acid could be
reconstructed, whereas growth form and habitat remain controversial depending on the methods used for reconstruction.
For most of the investigated clades, results supported with statistical significance were not conflicting
between Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood methods, or between binary and multistate character coding.
However, the level of statistical support varied considerably for many reconstructions. Given the considerable
size and complexity of our data set, our results suggest that in such cases, a given method for reconstruction of
ancestral states may be inconclusive, and results should generally be compared with other methods or models
in order to achieve reliable conclusions.
(2I-O6) Submission ID: IAL0096-00003
MORPHOLOGICAL DISPARITY AND SPECIES DELIMITATION OF LICHEN IN THE GENUS
CLADIA (LECANORALES, ASCOMYCOTA)
Parnmen S. 1 , Rungsiruji A. 2 , Mongkolsuk P. 3 , Boonpragob K. 3 , Lumbsch H.T. 1
1 Department of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, United States
2 Biology, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
3 Biology, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
Phylogenetic studies of the genera Cladia, Heterodea and Ramalinora as well as the Cladia aggregata
complex were carried out using the ribosomal nuclear ITS and LSU, mitochondrial SSU, protein-coding Mcm7
and protein-coding GAPDH DNA sequences. Bayesian, Maximum likelihood (ML) and Maximum parsimony
(MP) methods together with General Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) were employed. Based on different analyses,
the foliose genus Heterodea and the crustose genus Ramalinora were nested within the fruticose genus
Cladia. For the C. aggregata complex, analyses based on a combined data set of nuITS and protein-coding
GAPDH under GMYC criteria revealed at least eleven distinct lineages. Almost all previously recognized species
were intermixed within this complex. Causes of the disparity exhibited unusual morphological in this group are
discussed.
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