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Lichen: from genome to ecosystem in a changing world 2B-P (2B-P14) Submission ID: IAL0135-00001 THE VERTICAL GRADIENT OF EPIPHYTIC LICHENS IN CONIFEROUS FOREST CANOPIES Marmor L. 1 , Tõrra T. 1 , Randlane T. 1 1 Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia The vertical gradient of epiphytic lichens was studied in coniferous forests in Estonia, northern Europe; lichens were recorded in height ranges from tree bottom to the top. (1) All lichen species were recorded in three spruce (Picea abies) and three pine (Pinus sylvestris) sample plots in a relatively unpolluted area. (2) Macrolichen species were recorded in four spruce and four pine plots in different distances from oil shale power plants, sources of alkaline dust pollution. Altogether 70 trees were sampled. In unpolluted sample plots, acidophilic lichen species dominated in species composition. Several species, e.g. Hypogymnia physodes, Platismatia glauca and Pseudevernia furfuracea, were frequent across the height ranges, while the occurrence of many species changed with height. Some lichens, e.g. Micarea melaena, were recorded mainly in the lower part of tree trunks; but for example Cladonia species that are also usually associated with trunk bases grew on decorticated branches in pine canopies too. Many species, e.g. several Usnea species growing mainly on spruce branches, were added with the height. Upper canopy had a distinct lichen composition with high frequency of Melanohalea exasperatula and Scoliciosporum chlorococcum on both tree species. In polluted areas, lichens growing in upper canopy were clearly more affected by dust deposition. Lichen species composition changed with both distance from the pollution sources and height in the canopy. The proportion of dust indicator species, e.g. Physcia adscendens, P. dubia, P. stellaris, Xanthoria parietina and X. polycarpa, was highest in the treetops in the sample plot located closest to the pollution sources, whereas there were no dust indicators in the lowest height range. The results confirm that the occurrence of many species changes vertically on trees. Therefore, the total lichen species richness on trees is significantly underestimated when only the first meters near the ground are studied. In addition, upper canopy lichens proved to be more informative dust indicators compared to lower canopy lichens in relatively dense coniferous forests. (2B-P15) Submission ID: IAL0151-00001 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DIVERSITY AND THE COMPOSITION OF THE EPIPHYTIC LICHEN COMMUNITIES IN MANAGED FORESTS OF SOUTHERN BELGIUM Ertz D. 1 , Van den Broeck D. 1 , Van Rossum F. 2 1 Bryophytes-Thallophytes, National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Meise, Belgium 2 Vascular Plants, National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Meise, Belgium Lichens are widely used as indicators of environmental changes caused by air pollution, climate change and forest management. The establishment of a baseline of the lichen vegetation and subsequent monitoring is one way to investigate the effects of those changes. The diversity and composition of the epiphytic lichen communities in 30 forest plots in ecologically diverse and managed forests of Wallonia (southern Belgium) were investigated in relation to 22 environmental variables used to characterize those forest plots: 10 abiotic environmental variables, two variables related to tree species and 10 lichen ecological indices based on the lichens. ANCOVA and RDA revealed that increasing light, moisture and bark pH have a positive influence on the lichen diversity while the key factors affecting the species composition in the different forest types are light, moisture, temperature and eutrophication. 122
The 7 th International Association for Lichenology Symposium 2012 (2B-P16) Submission ID: IAL0162-00002 WHICH ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ARE CONDITIONING LICHEN SPECIES DIVERSITY IN PINUS NIGRA FORESTS? Merinero S. 1 , Aragon G. 1 , Martinez I. 1 1 Biodiversity and Conservation Area, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Mostoles, Madrid, Spain Forest structure alteration modifies light intensity and water availability. Considering that these are the main factors determining lichens growth, we aim to quantify the effect of environmental variables on the diversity and floristic composition of epiphytic communities at a regional scale. We sampled 91 patches of Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii forests in two mountain systems in Spain (Meridional Iberian System and Betic Range). We recorded presence/absence data in 15 trees per patch. The selected environmental variables were: forest structure (canopy cover, and mean DBH), climatic and orographic (area, annual rainfall, summer rainfall, temperatures, altitude and slope) and landscape (patch area and type of surrounding matrix). Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) were used to determine the effect of the environmental variables on the species richness and Caliciales richness. We used Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) to study how these variables influence the distribution of epiphytic lichens. The results showed that species richness mainly depends on factors related to the mountain system, forest structure, annual rainfall and altitude, whereas landscape variables did not show any significant influence. In the specific case of Caliciales, the richness was only and strongly conditioned by forest structure, above all by the presence of mature trees. In these Mediterranean pine forests, epiphytic lichen diversity is highly related to the type of historical and current forest management, which leads to a variation in habitat quality for these organisms. To preserve these epiphytic communities, we suggest avoiding tree felling in the mature and best-preserved forest patches. Nevertheless, we propose the selective logging as a more appropriate type of forest management in the less mature forest patches. This study is being funded by Dirección del Medio Natural, Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha (POII09-0286-4849), and we thank the Ministerio de Educación for a FPU fellowship (Formación de Profesorado Universitario) to the first author of this work, Sonia Merinero. 123 2B-P
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The 7 th IAL Symposium 2012 Lichens
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The 7 th International Association
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