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Lichen: from genome to ecosystem in a changing world 3A-P 3A: Molecular phylogenetics (3A-P1) Submission ID: IAL0001-00001 MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY REVEALS OVERLOOKED DIVERSITY WITHIN THE JELLY FUNGI GROWING ON BEARD-LICHENS. Millanes A. M. 1 , Diederich P. 2 , Wedin M. 3 1 Biologia Y Geologia, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain 2 Life Sciences, National Natural History Museum, Luxembourg, Luxembourg 3 Cryptogamic Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden The genera Usnea and Protousnea (beard lichens) are home to a substantial diversity of lichen-inhabiting fungi. Several of these fungi induce the formation of conspicuous galls or deformations on the host-lichen thallus and, in particular, galls formed by basidiomycetous taxa exhibit a considerable variation in size, shape and colour. Basidiomycetes growing on beard lichens are currently represented by the genera Biatoropsis (1 species: B. usnearum), Cystobasidium (1 species: C. usneicola) and Tremella (3 species: T. nashii, T. santessonii and T. stevensiana). Previous works confirmed the placement of the genus Biatoropsis within the Tremellales, but the phylogenetic position of other Tremellales growing on Usnea, and the systematic placement of Cystobasidium usneicola (currently in Cystobasidiales) have never been tested by molecular methods. We use a taxon sampling covering Asia, Australia, Europe, North America and South America, and two different data sets of nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal DNA markers to study the phylogenetic relationships of these taxa in a broader scale (nSSU, 5.8S, and nLSU) and to tackle species delimitation aspects (ITS1, 5,8S, ITS2 and mtSSU). Possible co-evolution patterns with their Usnea and Protousnea hosts are discussed. (3A-P2) Submission ID: IAL0036-00001 HOW MANY GENERA ARE HIDDEN WITHIN BUELLIA SENSU LATO? Kalb K. J. 1 , Lücking R. 2 , Plata E. R. 3 1 Lichenologisches, Institut Neumarkt, Neumarkt, Germany 2 Department of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, United States 3 Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States The lichen genus Buellia forms the core of the Buellia clade within the family Physciaceae. This clade contains crustose to squamulose and microfoliose forms with apothecia or mazaedia, including the bulk of the former Caliciales and the genera Dirinaria and Pyxine. The crustose forms with apothecia have traditionally been classified as Buellia sensu lato, but genera such as Amandinea and Hafellia were subsequently segregated and, eventually, Marbach in 2000 proposed a new classification recognizing a large number of genera especially for tropical epiphytic species, such as Baculifera, Chrismofulvea, Cratiria, Gassicurtia, and Stigmatochroma. We tested the proposed classification using a combination of mtSSU, nuLSU, and ITS data. For that purpose, we assembled nearly 200 sequences of Physciaceae focusing on Buellia sensu lato, including 70 sequences newly generated from tropical epiphytic species. As a result, most of the genera proposed by Marbach are supported, but a more through revision is required to accommodate other species currently retained in Buellia sensu lato. We discuss the problem of typification of Buellia, since the current typification makes Buellia and Hafellia congeneric and the name Buellia s.str. applicable to the group of species currently classified under Hafellia. 150
The 7 th International Association for Lichenology Symposium 2012 (3A-P3) Submission ID: IAL0057-00001 A PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE UMBILICATE ASPICILIA (MEGASPORACEAE, ASCOMYCOTA) BASED ON NU-ITS AND NU-LSU SEQUENCE DATA Sohrabi M. 1,2 , Stenroos S. 1 , Högnabba F. 1 1 Botanical Museum, Department of Mycology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 2 Faculty of Natural Science, Department of Plant Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran The genus Aspicilia is the largest genus in the family Megasporaceae and includes a number of morphologically distinct groups of species (e.g., umbilicate, subfruticose, crustose). One of the smallest groups consists of the two umbilicate species A. caesiascens Pisút and A. oxneriana O. B. Blum that are characterized by the presence of central strands in their thalli, the lack of secondary substances and that they are attached to rocks. Currently the phylogenetic relationships of the two umbilicate taxa are poorly understood. Our aim was to reconstruct the phylogeny of these two species to test whether certain characters found only in Aspicilia (such as umbilical growth form) have evolved repeatedly or only once. We used the nuITS and nuLSU rDNA as molecular markers. Convergent evolution of the umbilicate growth form was revealed by molecular data in Megasporaceae. Our analysis shows that A. caesiascens with small spores, eight spored asci and a subhymenial algal layer form a monophyletic group that is placed in the genus Lobothallia s.lat. Further, A. oxneriana that has larger spores, 1-4 (6) spored asci and lacks a subhymenial algal layer form a monophyletic group and nests within the genus Circinaria. The variability and taxonomic importance of particular features in both species are discussed. Two new combinations in the genera Circinaria and Lobothallia are necessary. A key and distribution maps to the species present in Iran and the Central Asia are provided. (3A-P4) Submission ID: IAL0057-00002 CURRENT STATUS OF THE PHYLOGENY OF THE FAMILY MEGASPORACEAE Sohrabi M. 1 , Leavitt S. 2 1 Botanical Museum, Department of Mycology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 2 Department of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, United States The family Megasporaceae (Pertusariales, Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota), as currently circumscribed, includes five genera (Megaspora, Lobothalia, Aspicilia, Sagedia, and Circinaria) and ca. 300 species world-wide. Species of the family are lichenized with chlorococcal algae. While the majority of species grow on rocks (mainly crustose forms, but include several subfoliose, to umbilicate taxa), others are commonly found on soil, including subfruticose (erratic or vagrant) specimens, and a limited number of species grow on bark and wood. Representatives from this family are found in diverse habitats, including: maritime habitats, open forests, semiarid steppes, and very hot deserts. Earlier studies have shown that the speciose genus Aspicilia sensu lato is a polyphyletic. For example, Aspicilia s. str. (A. cinerea group), Sagedia s. str (S. zonata group) and Lobothallia s. lat. (including L. farinosa and L. recedens) correspond to well-supported monophyletic lineages within Megasporaceae. Many ‘manna lichen’ species have been moved to Circinaria, but our preliminary results shown that the genus is composed of two major lineages: a group of strictly saxicolous species, containing aspicilin and without pseudocyphellae (C. contorta, C. calcarea, C. cupreogrisea, C. leprosescens, and C. gibbosa) and a group including both vagrant and saxicolous taxa, with pseudocyphellae but without aspicilin (so far called ‘manna lichens’ or sphaerothallioid lichens). In addition, we assessed the relationship of some representatives from corticolous and terricolous species, including A. uxoris, A. tibetica, A. cerspiana, and A. mansourii, using a combined dataset from two nuclear ribosomal loci (ITS and LSU). Our result shown that A. uxoris group is also other generic-level monophyletic group within traditional Aspicilia s. lat., and sister to Lobothallia s. lat. 151 3A-P
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The 7 th IAL Symposium 2012 Lichens
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The 7 th International Association
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Report The 7 th International Assoc
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