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2A-2-P Lichen: from genome to ecosystem in a changing world (2A-2-P8) Submission ID: IAL0138-00004 PARMELIACEAE IN RUSSIA: DIVERSITY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY Urbanavichyus G. P. 1 1 Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Institute of the Industrial Ecology Problems of The North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Murmansk, Russia A total 305 species belonging to 54 genera (except for lichenicolous fungi) of the family Parmeliaceae are recorded in Russia. The epiphytic nemoral-boreal and mountain-oceanic lichens are dominant. About 30% of the species are widely distributed in the boreal mixed deciduous and light- and coniferous forests from the Baltic to the Pacific region. Whereas other more than 30% of the species have restricted distribution in the certain regions. The lowest species and genera diversity are character for the Russian Arctic (about 100 sp./30 g. of saxicolous and terricolous taxa mainly) and steppe zone of the European Russia (about 50 sp./20 g. of corticolous and terricolous taxa mainly). The highest diversity of Parmeliaceae (including 210, 177 and 153 species respectively) and also specificity (including 58, 14 and 15 species respectively, which are unknown in other regions) are typical for three regions of Russia - Far East, Southern Siberia and Caucasus. In general, the highest lichen diversity in Russia is character for regions with a suboceanic or monsoonal climate and/or in mountain regions. In mountain areas the species diversity is increases from the north to the south, whereas in flat areas there is an opposite patterns of relationship. The largest Parmeliaceae genera in Russia are Usnea (34 species), Hypogymnia (25 sp.), Bryoria (20 sp.), Parmelia (19 sp.). There are twelve genera which contain only one species: Cetreliopsis asahinae, Cornicularia normoerica, Everniastrum cirrhatum, Imshaugia aleurites, Letharia vulpina, Lethariella togashii, Masonhalea richardsonii, Oropogon asiaticus, Parmelinopsis afrorevoluta, Pseudevernia furfuracea, Remototrachyna koyaensis, Usnocetraria oakesiana. The most widely distributed species are cosmopolites Hypogymnia physodes, Parmelia sulcata, Vulpicida pinastri, Evernia mesomorpha, Melanohalea olivacea, Parmeliopsis ambigua, Cetraria islandica, etc. Only two species considering as endemics to Russia: “Catraria” annae (taxonomic position is unclear) is distributed in Southern Siberia (Buryatia Republic, Zabaikalskiy krai); Cetraria rassadinae occurs in the Eastern and Southern Siberia. (2A-2-P9) Submission ID: IAL0177-00002 DIVERSITY WITHIN THE LICHENIZED GENUS OROPOGON (PARMELIACEAE) Leavitt S. 1 , Lumbsch T. 1 , Esslinger T. L. 2 1 Botany, The Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States 2 Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States Molecular sequence data has revolutionized our ability to assess traditional species concepts in lichenforming fungi. Within Parmeliaceae studies have repeatedly shown our current interpretation of morphological and chemical characters is often inadequate to accurately characterize diversity. Within this family the genus Oropogon has received relatively little attention since it was first proposed. However, a detailed morphological study, supplemented by chemical data from thin-layer chromatography, resulted in a dramatic, and somewhat controversial, increase in number of recognized species in the New World. Our study focuses on eight Central American Oropogon species with the aim to assess species diversity, the taxonomic value of putatively diagnostic morphological and chemical characters, and evolutionary relationships within this group. We reconstruct the phylogeny of this group and estimate divergence dates using molecular sequence data. Our analyses support the high degree of species-level diversity within Oropogon, and in contrast to many studies within Parmeliaceae, molecular data largely corroborate morphologically/chemically circumscribed taxa. Furthermore, estimated divergence dates suggest many lineages are relatively old. We reconstruct the historical demography of each species and discuss potential factors driving diversification within this group. 108
The 7 th International Association for Lichenology Symposium 2012 (2A-2-P10) Submission ID: IAL0182-00001 PHOTOBIONT ACQUISITION, SPECIFICITY AND COEVOLUTION IN THE LICHEN GENUS BRYORIA Lindgren H. 1 , Myllys L. 1 , Högnabba F. 1 , Velmala S. 1 , Goward T. 2 , Halonen P. 3 , Holien H. 4 , Laitinen S. 1 1 Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland 2 Herbarium,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada 3 Botanical Museum, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland 4 Faculty of Agriculture and Information Technology, Nord-Trndelag University College, Trondheim, Norway Lichen photobionts are assumed to coevolve with lichen mycobionts because of their close relationship. Photobionts have an essential role in lichen metabolism as providers of carbohydrates to the mycobiont. In the lichen genus Bryoria, the most common known photobionts belong to the coccoid green algal genus Trebouxia. In this study the acquisition, specificity and possible coevolution between Bryoria spp. and their photobionts were examined by constructing mycobiont and algal phylogenies with parsimony methods using three mycobiont loci (nuITS rDNA, GAPDH and mtSSU) and one algal locus (nuITS rDNA). According to the preliminary results the mycobionts of Bryoria smithii, B. bicolor, B. tenuis and B. nadvornikiana seem to be selective towards their photobionts implying a possible coevolutionary event in the past. All the other species included in the analyses seemed to be less selective in their photobiont acquisition. However, some geographical correlation was observed in section Implexae (i.e. in the group including B. capillaris, B. fuscescens, B. implexa s. lato, B. lanestris and B. subcana) non-sorediate American species being more restricted in their choice of algal partners. (2A-2-P11) Submission ID: IAL0199-00001 TANGLES IN HORSEHAIR - PHYLOGENETIC STUDIES ON PENDENT BRYORIA Velmala S. 1 , Myllys L. 1 , Goward T. 2 , Holien H. 3 , Halonen P. 4 1 Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland 2 Herbarium, Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada 3 Department of Resource Sciences, Nord-Trøndelag University College, Steinkjer, Norway 4 Botanical Museum, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Bryoria Brodo & D. Hawksw. (horsehair lichens) is a widespread lichen genus occurring mainly on conifers in boreal forests. The species are recognized by usually dichotomously branched thallus with slender, hairlike, gray to blackish branches, sometimes bearing soralia and pseudocyphellae. Bryoria is regarded as one of the taxonomically most difficult macrolichen genera due to infraspecific morphological variation, rarity of sexual fruiting structures limiting the amount of diagnostic characters, and the occurrence of putative, morphologically intermediate specimens. Especially pendent species are highly variable in morphology, giving secondary chemistry an essential role in species recognition. According to our recent phylogenetic studies on Bryoria, the current taxonomic status of many pendent taxa, notably in the section Implexae (sensu Myllys et al.), is questionable. The aim of our study is to examine with more extensive data sampling 1) the monophyly of the five taxa placed in section Implexae, i.e., Bryoria capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw., B. fuscescens (Gyeln.) Brodo & D. Hawksw., B. implexa (Hoffm.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. (with five chemotypes sensu Holien), B. lanestris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. and B. subcana (Nyl. ex Stizenb.) Brodo & D. Hawksw., and 2) if specimens from different geographical areas are genetically isolated. We reconstruct a phylogeny for the group using four DNA regions in addition to morphological and chemical characters. Our results indicate that the taxonomic status of some species should be re-evaluated. For instance North American and European B. capillaris represent taxonomically distinct entities. Furthermore, some of the taxa traditionally regarded as separate species, such as B. chalybeiformis and B. fuscescens, fall into a variation range of a single species. In addition, a new undescribed North American species will be presented. 109 2A-2-P
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