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Lichen: from genome to ecosystem in a changing world 3A-P (3A-P14) Submission ID: IAL0167-00001 DNA BARCODING OF LICHENIZED FUNGI MICAREA AND VERRUCARIA SHOWS HIGH IDENTIFICATION SUCCESS Launis A. 1 , Myllys L. 1 , Pykälä J. 2 , Jääskeläinen K. 1 1 Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland 2 Natural Environment Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland Our project focuses on DNA barcoding and on taxonomy of approximately 500 deficiently known crustose lichens in Finland. In addition, our aim is to clarify the distribution, habitat requirements and threat status of these species. We are focusing on the genera Micarea and Verrucaria, but we are also barcoding Arthonia spp., Lecania spp. and Lecanora spp. Identification in these groups is often difficult with morphological characters. During our project we have created DNA barcodes for approximately 400 specimens and 180 species. Our results show that the ITS region is a useful barcode for the identification of these crustose lichens. The taxonomic status of some species should be re-evaluated. Several species are recorded as new to Finland. (3A-P15) Submission ID: IAL0171-00001 TAXONOMIC REVISION OF CLADONIA CARIOSA GROUP (CLADONIACEAE) BASED ON PHENOTYPIC AND MOLECULAR DATA Pino-bodas R. 1 , Burgaz A. R. 1 , Martin M. P. 2 , Lumbsch T. 3 1 Biología Vegetal I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain 2 Micologia, Real Jardin Botanico, CSIC, Madrid, Spain 3 Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, United States The Cladonia cariosa group, which includes C. acuminata (Ach.) Norrl., C. cariosa (Ach.) Spreng and C. symphycarpa (Flörke) Fr., is monophyletic (Stenross et al. 2002). The species within the group are characterized by having a persistent primary thallus and an ascyphose secondary thallus. Cladonia acuminata differs morphologically from C. cariosa and C. symphycarpa in having sorediate podetia, unbranched or dichotomically branched near the tips (Ahti, 2000). However, it is difficult to distinguish C. cariosa from C. symphycarpa. The characters used to differentiate these taxa from one another are the squamule size and the amount of podetium fissures, which are more abundant in C. cariosa. The species delimitation is further complicated by frequent lack of podetia in C. symphycarpa which led to use the chemical variation to distinguish C. cariosa from C. symphycarpa, but it was found that they share several chemotypes (Harris, 1975; Culberson et al. 1993; Piercey-Normore, 2003; Burgaz & Ahti, 2009; Bültmann & Lünterbusch, 2008). The aim of this study is to elucidate the species boundaries within C. cariosa group. Three loci were used for species delimitation: ITS rDNA, rpb2 and ef1α. Maximun likelihood and Bayesian methods of phylogenetic reconstruction were employed. Transversal sections of the squamules stained vith lactophenol blue solution were made to study the cortex structure, and the squamules surfaces were observed by Scanning Electron Mycroscopy. The phylogenetic analyses showed four strongly supported monophyletic lineages within C. cariosa group. These lineages are chemically variable, which restricts the taxonomic value of the chemical characters. Some micro-morphological differences in the cortical surface of the different phylogenetic lineages were found. 158
The 7 th International Association for Lichenology Symposium 2012 (3A-P16) Submission ID: IAL0176-00001 FOCUS ON THE WORLD CLADONIACEAE Stenroos S. 1 , Högnabba F. 1 , Pino-bodas R. 2 , Ahti T. 1 1 Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland 2 Departamento Biología Vegetal, Unviersidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Cladoniaceae, with its c. 550 species and more than 10 genera, is one of the largest and most diverse families of lichen-forming fungi. The species comprise a significant component of numerous terrestrial ecosystems around the world, such as the boreal forests and the white sands of the Amazonas. Cladonia is the largest genus of the family, including approximately 500 species. There has been an enormous effort devoted to the Cladoniaceae. The Finnish E.A. Vainio published the first monograph of the family in the late 19 th century. His work was followed by numerous regional treatments and revisions by various authors. Currently, a full size world monograph of the Cladoniaceae is under preparation by Stenroos & Ahti, and a new phylogeny is about to be completed. Our immediate goal is to produce a more accurate classification for the family. We compiled a preliminary data set of about 550 taxa representing over 250 species from around the world. At this point, ITS rDNA, IGS rDNA, EF1-α, and RPB2 regions were used as molecular markers. Phylogenetic analyses using both conventional parsimony (program TNT) and direct optimization (POY) were performed. The results enable a preliminary outline for classification. Further, we will use the phylogeny, once completed, for clarifying character evolution, for instance. We will also attempt to estimate the age and biogeographical origin of the Cladoniaceae. (3A-P17) Submission ID: IAL0201-00001 STICTA FULIGINOSA (LOBARIACEAE): SPECIES OR MORPHOTYPE? Moncada Cardenas B. 1 , Lücking R. 2 , Parnmen S. 2 , Lumbsch T. 2 1 Licenciatura en Biologia, Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas, Bogota, Distrito Capital, Colombia 2 Department of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, United States The lichen genus Sticta is one of the largest genera of macrolichens, with possibly well beyond 100 species. Recent taxonomic and phylogenetic studies have indicated that the species concept in the genus is generally too broad: what has been recognized as “species”, such as S. damicornis or S. weigelii, comprise indeed several, in part unrelated lineages. One of the most striking examples of a morphotype species is S. fuliginosa, the most widely distributed and most commonly collected species with a supposedly cosmopolitan distribution. In virtually all treatments, any material having broad, rounded lobes with isidia on the surface rather than the margin is identified with the name S. fuliginosa. In the course of a revision of the genus Sticta in Colombia, we found that this concepts includes very distinctive morphotypes, differing in upper surface structure, lobe thickness, and the shape of the tomentum and cyphellae on the underside. Preliminary, we have identified roughly ten different species that would fit into a broad concept of S. fuliginosa. Molecular studies do not only confirm this revised concept but also show that several of these species are not closely related to S. fuliginosa but fall within other groups. Thus, the traditional concept of Sticta fuliginosa is that of a morphotype, rather than a group of closely related, cryptic species. This is in accordance with similar findings in other morphotype-based species complexes, such as S. damicornis and S. weigelii, which also include several, partially unrelated species lineages. 159 3A-P
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The 7 th IAL Symposium 2012 Lichens
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