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2A-2-P Lichen: from genome to ecosystem in a changing world (2A-2-P14) Submission ID: IAL0255-00002 DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF LICHEN FAMILY PARMELIACEAE IN INDIA Nayaka S. 1 , Upreti D.K. 1 1 Lichenology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India According to the recent classification of phylum Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae emerges as the largest family with about 2,500 species in the world. Parmeliaceae is distinctive in having cupulate exciple, Lecanoratype ascus, mostly simple, hyaline ascospores, and mainly foliose and fruticose habitat. In India Graphidaceae is the largest family with 428 species under 35 genera, while Parmeliaceae turns out to be the second largest, but most diverse family represented by 345 species distributed in 45 genera. Within the family Parmeliaceae, Parmelioid lichens are most dominant with 203 species followed by Usneoid and Cetrarioid with 74 and 43 species respectively. Among the different genera of the family Usnea, Parmotrema and Hypotrachyna are most prominent with 60, 51 and 38 species. The family Parmeliaceae has an extensive distribution in India; however it is heavily concentrated in north-east India with about 63% species and it is followed by western Himalayas and Western Ghats which have about 50% of the species growing in each region. In the north-east India-Sikkim (165 spp.), in western Himalayas-Uttarakhand (145 spp.) and in Western Ghats-Tamil Nadu (137 spp.) have maximum diversity. The members of Parmeliaceae grow on all substrates, however in India maximum species prefer only bark (178 spp.) while about 90 species occur either on bark or rock. Exclusive muscicolous Parmeliaeae members are absent in India, while Allocetraria ambigua, Arctoparmelia subcentrifuga, and Hypotrachyna crenata grow on moss as well as on bark, soil and rock. About 11% Parmeliaeae taxa (37 spp.) are endemic to India and large numbers of them (16 spp.) are found exclusively in Western Ghats region. The Parmotrema praesorediosum, P. sancti-angelii, and P. tinctorum found to be most common and widespread species in India. The other moderately prevalent species include Bulbothrix isidiza, Canoparmelia aptata, C. texana, Everniastrum nepalense, Flavoparmelia caperata, Hypotrachyna infirma, Myelochroa aurulenta, Parmelinella wallichiana, Parmotrema andinum, P. cristiferum, P. hababianum, P. mesotropum, P. rampoddense, P. reticulatum, P. saccatilobum, and X. congensis. (2A-2-P15) Submission ID: IAL0263-00005 HIDDEN DIVERSITY IN NORTH AMERICAN PARMELIA: A WORLD WAITING TO BE EXPLORED Molina M. C. 1 , Divakar P. K. 2 , Goward T. 3 , Millanes A. M. 4 , Struwe L. 5 , Sanchez E. 4 , Crespo A. M. 2 1 Biologia Geologia, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, United States 2 Biología Vegetal II, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain 3 Edgewood Blue, Box 131, Enlichend Consulting Ltd, Clearwater, Spain 4 Biología Geologia, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Mostoles, Spain 5 Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States Parmelia s. str. comprises around 60 species, of which only 17% have been found in North America. Additional American Parmelia species were recently described which were hidden under widely distributed species names e. g. Parmelia saxatilis and P. sulcata. P. mayi, is described from the northern Appalachian mountain range (Molina et al., in press) and P. barrenoae, initially reported from Iberian Peninsula (Divakar et al. 2005) has recently been found in the western North America (Hodkinson et al., 2010). However, significant geographic areas remain to be explored on this continent for Parmelia biodiversity. In this study, we collected Parmelia from British Columbia (Canada) and Alaska (USA) in order to evaluate cryptic diversity and also assess the morphological variability, to determine if it could be explained as phenotypic plasticity or as segregation of new species according to operational phylogenetic criteria (Queiroz, 2007). The detailed study of the specimens allowed us to describe five different morphotypes, of which at least one should be described as a new species. 112
The 7 th International Association for Lichenology Symposium 2012 (2A-2-P16) Submission ID: IAL0279-00001 NEW APPROACH ON THE PUNCTELIA HYPOLEUCITES (PARMELIACEAE) COMPLEX Canez L. 1 , Pinto Marcelli M. 2 1 Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande-Furg, Rio Grande, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil 2 Nucleo de Pesquisas Em Micologia, Instituto de Botanica, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil The lichen genus Punctelia (Parmeliaceae, Lecanorales) has been object of recent studies. From the 22 species known at the time of its creation by Krog, now more than 40 species are recognized world-wide. The main features used to take species apart are presence or absent of propagules, medullar compounds, lower surface color and conidia type and size. However, some species complexes still remain. According to the pertinent literature, Punctelia hypoleucites (Nyl.) Krog and P. graminicola (B. de Lesd.) Egan. have brown lower surface, lecanoric acid as medullar compound, no propagules production and are supposed different each other by their conidia form: unciform in P. graminicola and filiform in P. hypoleucites. But the revision of the types of P. graminicola (ASU!), its synonym: P. semansiana (W. Culb. & C. Culb.) Krog (DUKE!, LSU!), and P. hypoleucites (H-NYL!) and its synonym Parmelia azulensis B. de Lesd. (US!) revealed that the lectotype of P. hypoleucites has unciform conidia instead of filiform as reported before, conspicuous pseudocyphellae and a laciniate thallus, while P. graminicola actually has unciform conidia, inconspicuous pseudocyphellae and lobate thallus. The holotype and isotypes of P. semansiana, and also those additional specimens studied, share characteristics with P. hypoleucites. As a conclusion, P. semansiana, before considered synonym of P. graminicola, proved to be a synonym of P. hypoleucites. For those specimens with filiform conidia which previously were treated as P. hypoleucites, it is more suitable to use the name Parmelia azulensis, which will be soon formally combined in Punctelia. These conclusions were also confirmed by the study of additional specimens from ASU, DUKE, F, LSU, O, SP and UCS Acknowledgements: Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo – FAPESP and International Association for Plant Taxonomy – IAPT, for research support. (2A-2-P17) Submission ID: IAL0281-00001 TYPE STUDIES ON SOREDIATE PARMOTREMA (ASCOMYCOTA, PARMELIACEAE) WITH SALAZINIC ACID Spielmann A. A. 1 , Marcelli M. P. 2 , Elix J. A. 3 1 Botany, UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil 2 Nucleo de Pesquisas Em Micologia, Instituto de Botanica, Sao Paulo, Brazil 3 Department of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia Parmotrema A. Massal. 1860 is one of the most diverse genus in Parmeliaceae, with about 350 species, being specially abundant in South America and other tropical areas of the world. Nevertheless, the species concepts are still unclear, and several supposed “widely distributed” species include long lists of synonyms, usually without sound justifications for the choices. Important features like the ontogeny of reproductive structures, maculation patterns, rhizinal types and conidial data are frequently overlooked. Inside Parmotrema there is a group of taxa that share the presence of medullar salazinic acid, and this group was selected to be revised through the types of both accepted names and synonyms. Here we discuss the sorediate taxa (27 species). The specimens were fully described and chemical substances were identified with spot tests, TLC and HPLC. Several synonyms were recognized as good species, the ontogeny of the soredia being a crucial characteristic for differentiate close taxa, as well as the conidial type, development of cilia and dimorphic rhizinae, and the maculation pattern. Parmotrema reticulatum (Ach.) Hale lose 10 of its 17 accepted synonyms, while to Parmotrema subsumptum (Nyl.) Hale the species concept is clarified. New structures were recognized as having taxonomical importance: the arbusculae (= “coralloid isidia”), present in P. coralliforme (Hale) Hale and P. ramusculum (Hale) Hale, and the botryose structures produced in P. spinibarbe (Kurok.) Hale. Acknowledgments: Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo – FAPESP and British Lichen Society. 113 2A-2-P
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Report The 7 th International Assoc
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