Message - 7th IAL Symposium

The 7 th International Association for Lichenology Symposium 2012
(4I-P6) Submission ID: IAL0070-00001
CHEMICAL STUDIES ON TWO LICHENS OF THE GENUS ERIODERMA FROM MALAYSIA
Samsudin M. B. 1 , Din L. B. 2 , Hamat A. B. 2 , John E. A. 3
1 Faculty Sciences and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
2 Faculty of Science & Technology, UKM, Malaysia, Malaysia
3 Faculty of Science, ANU, Canberra, Australia
Chemical studies on two lichens, Erioderma phaeorhizum vainio sens. lat. and Erioderma tomentosum
Hue, collected from Brincang, Cameron Highlands Malaysia were carried out. The structure of the compounds
isolated from both lichens were elucidated by chromatographic, spectroscopic, microanalysis methods and
unambiguous synthesis. Two new depsidones, hypophysciosporin [methyl 2-chloro-3,8-dihydroxy-1,4,6,9tetramethyl-11-oxo-11H-dibenzo[b,e]
[1,4] dioxepin-7-carboxylate] and 3-o-methylhypophysciosporin [methyl
2-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methoxy-1,4,6,9-tetramethyl-11-oxo-11H-dibenzo[b,e] [1,4] dioxepin-7-carboxylate], have
been isolated from Erioderma phaeorhizum together with eight known depsidones, vicanicin, isovicanicin,
norvicanicin, o-methylvicanicin, eriodermin, argopsin, granulatin and physciosporin. In addition the chroman,
vitamin E acetate , has been isolated from Erioderma tomentosum, the first reported occurrence of this compound
in a lichen. The other compounds which have been isolated from this lichen were the depsidones, vicanicin ,
norvicanicin and argopsin, and the depside, atranorin . The minor unknown compounds have been isolated from
Erioderma phaeorhizum. The structure of the first compound is related to 3-o-methylhypophysciosporin while
the second compound is related to vitamin E. Biosynthesis pathway of these metabolites is proposed. Possibly it
involves secondary modification of the simplest β-orcinol depsidone, hypoprotocetraric acid, via several stages
of enzymatic reactions involving oxidation, o-methylation of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, decarboxylation and
chlorination.
(4I-P7) Submission ID: IAL0088-00001
REDISCOVERY OF A FORGOTTEN LICHEN GENUS WITH UNIQUE CONIDIOMATA FROM
NEW ZEALAND
Ludwig L. R. 1 , Lücking R. 2
1 Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
2 Department of Botany, The Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States
A peculiar lichen with unique conidiomata from southern New Zealand, Nukaia cupulifera, is described
as new to science. The conidiomata closely resemble apothecia of a gyalectoid lichen but in section reveal their
conidiomatal nature, owing close resemblance to the campylidia of the family Pilocarpaceae. The new taxon is
closely related to and congeneric with a lichen described in 1955 as Ephelidium heardense C.W. Dodge & E.D.
Rudolph, but differs in certain anatomical and chemical details. Unfortunately, the generic name Ephelidium
C.W. Dodge & E.D. Rudolph cannot be used, although it was accepted in Species Fungorum and the Checklist
Of The Lichens Of Australia And Its Island Territories, because it is a later homonym of the unrelated, nonlichenized,
phytopathogenic ascomycete genus Ephelidium C. Spegazzini from 1921. We therefore introduce
the replacement name Nukaia for this peculiar taxon. A structure apparently similar to the conidiomata of Nukaia
was described in 1890 by Müller Argoviensis as “orthidium”; unfortunately, the specific material was not cited
and was not found in the G herbarium, so we are unable to evaluate whether a similar or congeneric lichen is
involved. It seems, however, unlikely, since Müller Argoviensis described this structure from a foliicolous lichen
growing in the Atlantic rain forest of Brazil. The generic position of Nukaia cupulifera was tested using ITS sequence
analysis, which places it in Ramalinaceae but not within any of the known genera of that family.
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