- Page 1 and 2: Decision Support for New and Renewa
- Page 3 and 4: Abstract The global requirement for
- Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS 1 ENERGY SYSTEMS FOR SUSTA
- Page 7 and 8: 5.5 Steam Turbine Model 149 5.6 Fue
- Page 9 and 10: FIGURES Figure 1.1 Final Energy Con
- Page 11 and 12: Figure 7.30 Following Electricity a
- Page 13 and 14: on the use of fossil fuels, energy
- Page 15 and 16: The general increase in energy cons
- Page 17 and 18: supply is reduced or eliminated, lo
- Page 19 and 20: Figure 1.3 The Electricity Supply G
- Page 21 and 22: on different generation mixes depen
- Page 23: Various studies have been carried o
- Page 27 and 28: 1.7 References [1] The Internationa
- Page 29 and 30: 2 Options for New and Renewable Ene
- Page 31 and 32: the amount of usable heat that is g
- Page 33 and 34: the conversion of petrol cars; howe
- Page 35 and 36: set times, producing a constant ele
- Page 37 and 38: partial load. Fast response and sta
- Page 39 and 40: 2.3 The Production and Storage of H
- Page 41 and 42: dedicated boiler, which runs contin
- Page 43 and 44: Figure 2.3 A Typical Hydrogen Filli
- Page 45 and 46: part of the natural carbon cycle (a
- Page 47 and 48: Figure 2.4 Layout of a Gasification
- Page 49 and 50: met by process integration and the
- Page 51 and 52: Figure 2.5 The Inputs and Outputs o
- Page 53 and 54: 1. Scale for measuring out lye and
- Page 55 and 56: feedstock being used. Sugary feedst
- Page 57 and 58: carbon dioxide via steam reforming.
- Page 59 and 60: • Where CHP is used, the balance
- Page 61 and 62: [22] Vehicle Certification Agency (
- Page 63 and 64: [55] M. A. Paisley, J. M. Irving, R
- Page 65 and 66: 3 Approaches to Renewable Energy Sy
- Page 67 and 68: Because of the intermittent nature
- Page 69 and 70: A renewable energy supply evaluatio
- Page 71 and 72: the system are kept. The output of
- Page 73 and 74: There are various models available
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When the use of climate dependant i
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3.5 References [1] M. Muselli, G. N
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4 A Procedure for Demand and Supply
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pumped storage and flywheels), a ba
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for the agricultural vehicle use re
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Figure 4.4 Combining Demands to Tak
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ates for vehicles, engines and othe
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Figure 4.5 Derived Fuel Production
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together if desired, and taken forw
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profiles are output from this part
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dividing the production rate at eac
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As it would be too confusing to sho
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Figure 4.12 Output of the Matching
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However, when more than one transpo
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considered, this amount is added to
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users are alerted if there is not e
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at the matching stage, along with t
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vehicles if they are increased by 1
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If biogas is being considered, the
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The number of timesteps per hour wi
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After the algorithm has been follow
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• Float Charge - once the battery
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Discharge No tank = tank fuel used
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equired (kW) = maxkWh x bulk% (5.16
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An example of the output graph prod
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5.2.1 Required Power Specifically d
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5.2.3 Engine Performance in the Con
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used for gas powered ICEs, but the
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and five times, depending on the nu
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Is PL < Min ? No Is PL = 0 ? No Is
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where Max = maximum energy availabl
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where Ratiopart = heat to electrici
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(including following heat demand wh
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where SFC = specific fuel consumpti
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engines running respectively). If t
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(continued) Is Fuel Available > (4
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of the definition window for a Stir
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and continuous operation. Again, mu
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The performance of a fuel cell is n
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percentage loading, rather than usi
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Is Min = 0 ? No Is Min = PC1 ? No I
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5.6.4 If Fuel Availability is Less
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5.7 Electrolyser Model An electroly
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original calculation of the amount
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5.8 Regenerative Fuel Cell Model A
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following the heat demand. To follo
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C:\ My Documents\ Nic\ Thesis\ Old\
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As 1 kWh = 3610.3 kJ, and using lit
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Add Heat to Water Storage Tank Usin
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Use Stored Hot Water to Supply Heat
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information is given about the over
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[23] K. Foger, B. Godfrey, “Syste
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the gasification and pyrolysis defi
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eing used each day for a continuous
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Where Biogas = Biogas production ra
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6.1.3 Use of Biogas Various options
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The amount of hydrogen that can be
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direct proportion, and the weight o
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produce in total (Nm 3 per tonne fe
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Electricity (kW) = Elec x Feed (6.1
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3. Make hydrogen via steam reformin
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Where Methane = Methane Production
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(continued) Keep as medium heating
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Yes Feed1 = Yield1 x Land1 / No. of
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production and energy use profiles
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If it is the last timestep of the p
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For each process, the process chara
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At the end of the simulation, graph
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As the time required for one batch
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Ethanol = Factor1 x Eth x Timesteps
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6.5 Electrolysis As it is sometimes
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6.7 Landfill Gas Processing As the
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Demand Profile Design & Profile Dat
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Figure 7.2 Degree-Days Versus Month
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Stage 1 - Sustainable Fuel Supply S
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The different profile of use graphs
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Figure 7.3 Fermentation System Inpu
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Figure 7.7 Fermentation System Info
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Figure 7.10 Fermentation System Out
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The output obtained when a second h
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Figure 7.16 Anaerobic Digestion Par
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Figure 7.19 Fermentation System Inp
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clarity. A constant supply rate of
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Figure 7.25 Heat Demand Profile Fig
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Figure 7.28 Effect of Minimum Load
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esidual heat demand as this would r
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Figure 7.35 Second Engine: Followin
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This chapter described how the over
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heat and electricity during the tou
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Figure 8.2: Overall Yearly Heat Dem
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to allow for efficient operation du
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would be incurred, and the scale of
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Figure 8.5: Electricity Supply and
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heat demand or both, or run at cons
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ut with 30% less land being require
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9 Conclusions and Recommendations T
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through these, technically viable p
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considered. The introduction of coo
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When considering larger geographica
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Appendix 1: Program Windows Figure
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Figure A1.5 CreateClimate.exe Figur
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Figure A1.9: Demand Profile Designe
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Figure A1.13: Derived Fuel Supply W
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Figure A1.17: Fermentation System D
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Figure A1.21: PV Electrolysis Syste
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Figure A1.25: Fuel Supply Profile D
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Figure A1.29: Auxilliary Supply Def
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Figure A1.33: Stirling Engine Syste
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Figure A1.37: Fuel Cell System Defi
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Figure A1.41: Electric Vehicle Syst
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Figure A1.45: Vehicle Conversion Fa
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Figure A1.49: Heating System Defini
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Figure A1.53: Pumped Hydro System D
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Figure A1.57: Auto Search Evaluatio