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valid for formation of ice lenses where SI is formed on top of e.g. firn with lover diffusivity. This lower diffusivity result in slower SI formation rates, as long as the temperature gradient is remaining. REFERENCES Bøggild, C.E. 1991: En smeltende snepakkes masse- og energifluxe – belyst ved beregningsmetoder. Unpublished Thesis. Univ. Copenhagen. 94 pp. Bøggild, C.E., 2000 Preferential flow and meltwater retention in cold snow packs in West- Greenland, Nordic Hydrology. 31 (4/5), 287–300. Bøggild, C.E., Forsberg, R., Reeh, N. 2005. Meltwater retention in a transect across the Greenland ice sheet. Ann. Glac., 40: 102–105. 250
251 63 rd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE Newark, Delaware USA 2006 The Equilibrium Flow and Mass Balance of the Taku Glacier, Alaska, 1950–2005 ABSTRACT M.S. PELTO 1 , , G.W. ADEMA 2 , M.J. BEEDLE 2 , S.R. MCGEE 2 , M.M. MILLER 2 , K.F. SPRENKE 2 , AND M. LANG 3 The Taku Glacier, Alaska, has advanced 7.5 km since the late nineteenth century, while all other primary outlet glaciers of the Juneau Icefield are in retreat. The Juneau Icefield Research Program (JIRP) has completed field work on the Taku Glacier annually since 1946. The thickest known alpine temperate glacier, it has a maximum measured depth of 1480 m. The Taku is a tidewater glacier that formerly calved, but is now advancing slowly over its outwash delta. Velocity measured over a twelve-month span and annual summer velocity measurements completed at Profile 4 slightly above the ELA from 1950–2004 indicate insignificant variations in velocity seasonally or from year to year . The consistency of velocity over the 50-year period indicates that in the vicinity of the equilibrium line, the flow of the Taku Glacier has been in an equilibrium state. Surface mass balance was positive from 1946–1988 averaging +0.42 m/a. This led to glacier thickening. From 1988–2005 an important change has occurred the annual balance has been –0.17m/a, and the glacier thickness has stopped increasing. Field measurements of ice depth and surface velocity allow calculation of the volume flux. Volume flux is then compared with the surface balance flux from the accumulation zone determined annually in the field. On each profile the mean surface balance flux 1946–2005 is positive versus the annually determined volume flux, leading to glacier thickening. From 1950– 2000, Taku Glacier thickened by 20–30 m at Profile 4, 33 km above the terminus. At this profile, the expected surface flux for equilibrium is 5.50 × 10 8 m 3 /a (±10%), while the calculated volume flux range is 5.00–5.47 × 10 8 m 3 /a. At Profile 7, 43 km above the terminus, the observed surface flux above Profile 7 is 1.90 × 10 8 m 3 /a, and the volume flux range is 1.72–1.74 × 10 8 m 3 /a INTRODUCTION Taku Glacier is a temperate, maritime valley glacier in the Coast Mountains of Alaska. With an area of 671 km 2 , it is the principal outlet glacier of the Juneau Icefield. It attracts special attention because of its continuing, century-long advance (Motyka and Post, 1995), while every other outlet glaciers of the Juneau Icefield is retreating. Taku Glacier is also noteworthy for its positive mass balance from 1946–1988 (Pelto and Miller, 1990), during a period when alpine glacier mass balances have been dominantly negative (Dyugerov and Meier, 1997). Finally, it is unique as the 1 Nichols College Dudley, MA 01571 2 Glaciological and Arctic Sciences Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow ID 83843 3 Institute of Geodesy, Universitat der Bundeswehr, Werner Heisenberg Weg, D-85577 Neubiberg, Germany
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Proceedings of the 63rd ANNUAL EAST
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FOREWORD T his proceedings volume c
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CONTENTS Foreword..................
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STATEMENT OF PURPOSE The Eastern Sn
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EXECUTIVES FOR THE 63rd EASTERN SNO
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THE PRESIDENT’S PAGE The 63rd ann
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Weisnet Medal for Best Student Pape
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3 63 rd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE New
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Figure 1. Layer 1 represents the so
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Figure 4. The general layout of the
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lue color represented no convection
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Total Density of Water Profiles The
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Figure 11(a). Simulated snow grain
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Jordan R, 1991. A one-dimensional t
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Campbell Scientific Award for Best
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19 63 rd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE Ne
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R ∑i ∑ n 2 = 1 NS = − n i = 1
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Snow and Climate 37
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Spatial distributions of changes in
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Snow and Climate Posters 43
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Figure 2 presents correlation maps
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CONCLUSIONS Three regional-continen
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Discharge (mm) 20 18 16 14 12 10 8
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ABSTRACT 55 63 rd EASTERN SNOW CONF
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This paper analyzes the synoptic pa
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Cyclones that track west of the App
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The synoptic-scale atmospheric circ
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CONCLUSIONS The record snowfall in
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correlations between April-May snow
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Figure 3. Linear correlations betwe
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winter/early spring could contribut
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Snow Remote Sensing 73
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height averaged 11.4 m with an aver
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strings were buried 20 - 30 cm belo
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Although the λE/Rn fraction was on
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estimated snow depth based on the 2
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important to note that the average
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Schmidt, R. A., C. A. Troendle, and
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METHODS The IMS Product The IMS was
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Figure 1. Microwave spectral charac
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snow depth and SWE on a weekly basi
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Figure 4. Example of blended SWE pr
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Evaluation of the global distributi
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Figure 9. Inter-comparison plots of
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Helfrich, S.R., D. McNamara, B.H.Ra
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105 63 rd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE N
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and validated regionally so they ca
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109 Test Site Figure 2. Variation o
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Correlation Coe. Correlation Coe. C
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Figure 8. SSM/I scattering signatur
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Considering the facts mentioned abo
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Besides the temporal validation, th
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RMSE Non linear Azar Chang Goodison
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63 nd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE Newar
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http://www.ccin.ca); from simulatio
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over the period 1988-2000. With the
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Figure 3: Explained variance (R 2 )
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correspondence between simulated an
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values. Continued development of ne
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National Climatic Data Center (2005
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Snow Remote Sensing Posters 135
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ABSTRACT 63 rd EASTERN SNOW CONFERE
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day and has a mean pixel resolution
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Table 1. Wheaton River basin EASE-G
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The SSM/I snowmelt onset algorithm
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coarse-resolution pixel with the hi
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Figure 5. (a) Scatterplot of snowpa
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For both 2004 and 2005, the AMSR-E
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threshold of ±18 K that reflects t
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ABSTRACT 153 63 rd EASTERN SNOW CON
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DATA USED SSM/I & QuikSCAT Coverage
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180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1
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independent of regions. This greatl
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slightly vary the IMS with this pro
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imagery, the higher latitudes rely
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MODIS Land Science Team, NASA Godda
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FUTURE OF IMS Enhancements to the I
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information never present before on
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Brubaker, K.L., R. Pinker and E. De
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The Sierra Nevada del Cocuy region
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Colombia Venezuela Glacier Series R
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Table 4. Glacier Areas of the Ruiz-
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Pico Bonpland Massif-Sinigüis Glac
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Linder W, Jordan E, 1991. Ice-mass
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Snowpack Processes 193
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63 rd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE Newar
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In the following paragraph the main
Page 211 and 212: Figure 1: Variation of the season a
Page 213 and 214: Figure 3: 8-day composite maps (24
Page 215 and 216: The third pair (Figure 5) represent
Page 217 and 218: Figure 9: Time evolution of SWE ave
Page 219 and 220: melting occurs, whereas at the high
Page 221 and 222: Colbeck SC, Anderson EA. 1982. The
Page 223 and 224: ABSTRACT 211 63 rd EASTERN SNOW CON
Page 225 and 226: A B Figure 1. Low-magnification sec
Page 227 and 228: GB ridge GB groove Figure 3. Higher
Page 229 and 230: CONCLUSION Figure 5. Indexed electr
Page 231 and 232: 219 63rd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE De
Page 233 and 234: Meteorological data for the winter
Page 235 and 236: monthly probability adjusted data 4
Page 237 and 238: 225 Pullman WA Rawlins WY Leadville
Page 239 and 240: The daily wind speed can exceed 6.5
Page 241 and 242: NCDC. 2006. National Climate Data C
Page 243 and 244: ABSTRACT 231 63 rd EASTERN SNOW CON
Page 245 and 246: and mass balances for 540 environme
Page 247 and 248: Temperature, precipitation, windspe
Page 249 and 250: the left in response to snow compac
Page 251 and 252: Pinched-cone dimensions for each sl
Page 253 and 254: Terrain slope (degrees) Terrain slo
Page 255 and 256: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was fund
Page 257 and 258: Glacial and Periglacial Processes 2
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Page 261: From linear regression the constant
Page 265 and 266: DATA COLLECTION Figure 1. Location
Page 267 and 268: Table 1. Comparison of GPS measured
Page 269 and 270: Transverse Velocity Profiles Surfac
Page 271 and 272: is shown in Figure 4. This variatio
Page 273 and 274: Table 4. The calculated volume flux
Page 277 and 278: Figure 1. Cordillera Blanca regiona
Page 279 and 280: MATERIALS AND METHODS Field Measure
Page 281 and 282: Data analysis techniques We synthes
Page 283 and 284: season, but unacceptable for the dr
Page 285 and 286: significant, although more informat
Page 287 and 288: (a) Liquid Water (mm) Dry Period: M
Page 289 and 290: Future Work We are installing addit
Page 291 and 292: Shuttleworth, W.J., and J.S. Wallac
Page 293 and 294: Snow and Periglacial Processes Post
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Page 299 and 300: No one to date has shown why snowfl
Page 301 and 302: APPENDIX A Northern Hemisphere Year
Page 303 and 304: 62nd ESC Papers 291
Page 305 and 306: 62 nd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE Water
Page 307 and 308: each other; and, they both decrease
Page 309 and 310: 297 62 nd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE W
Page 311 and 312: comes in the form of precipitation.
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averaged to reduce bias in this var
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RESULTS Figure 2. Flow chart of reg
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Table 6: Actual-Conditions SWE, dep
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307 Table 9: Regression results bet
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Goita, K., A. Walker, B. Goodison,
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TO ERR IS HUMAN, TO FORGET IT WOULD
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