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ISBN 0-920081-28-2 ISSN: 0424-1932 Proceedings of the Eastern Snow Conference Printed and Bound in the United States of America ii
FOREWORD T his proceedings volume contains papers presented at the 63rd Eastern Snow Conference (ESC) held 7–9 June 2006 at the University of Delaware in Newark, Delaware, USA. Sessions covering snow– climate interactions, snow processes, ground ice and periglacial processes, and remote sensing of snow were convened. The ESC is a joint United States and Canadian forum for discussing recent work on operational, applied, and scientific issues related to snow and ice. It also retains an increasing interest as a symposium where novel approaches to cryospheric science of international significance are presented. The ESC has published an annual series of proceedings since 1952. Typical topics include studies of snow and ice as materials, snow removal, meteorological forecasting, river ice control, snow hydrology, snow chemistry, glaciology, remote sensing of snow and ice, and snow ecology. Membership in the ESC is open to all interested individuals and corporations. Additional copies of the current proceedings and all back issues can be obtained from the Secretary. More information about the Eastern Snow Conference may be found at http://www.easternsnow.org/. We continue with an optional review process and authors may submit extended abstracts or full papers to the proceedings. Participants in the Western Snow Conference (WSC) (http://www.westernsnowconference.org/) have been invited to join the ESC participants in the option of submitting papers relevant to winter hydrology to the international journal Hydrological Processes. These papers have gone through a formal journal review, revision, and referee process, and many appear both in these proceedings and in the December 2006 issue of the journal. John Pomeroy (University of Saskatchewan), Kelly Elder (USDA Forest Service, Fort Collins, Colorado), and Andrew Klein (Texas A&M University) edited this special issue of Hydrological Processes dedicated to ESC/WSC papers. We thank the editors at ERDC–CRREL. Over the years this group has contributed considerable time to this publication and has enhanced the quality of these proceedings. The 2006 meeting of the Eastern Snow Conference and these proceedings were made possible by sponsorship and corporate memberships by the following: Campbell Scientific (Canada) Corporation ERDC–CRREL Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Hanover, New Hampshire, USA http://www.campbellsci.com/offices/csc.html http://www.crrel.usace.army.mil/ University of Delaware GEONOR Newark, Delaware, USA Milford, Pennsylvania, USA http://www.udel.edu http://www.geonor.com Cryospheric Specialty Group of the Association of American Geographers (AAG) Washington, DC, USA http://www.geo.hunter.cuny.edu/AAG_CrSG We look forward to seeing many of you at the 64th Eastern Snow Conference meeting to be held jointly with the Canadian Geophysical Union, Canadian Meteorological Society, and the American Meteorological Society, 28 May–1 June 2007 at Memorial University, St. John’s Newfoundland, Canada. The 2007 meeting theme is “Air, Ocean, Earth, and Ice on the Rock.” It should be exciting, especially with the addition of the other groups. Robert Hellström and Susan Frankenstein ESC Proceedings Co-Editors Bridgewater State College and ERDC–CRREL iii
Page 1: Proceedings of the 63rd ANNUAL EAST
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS Foreword..................
Page 7 and 8: STATEMENT OF PURPOSE The Eastern Sn
Page 9 and 10: EXECUTIVES FOR THE 63rd EASTERN SNO
Page 11 and 12: THE PRESIDENT’S PAGE The 63rd ann
Page 13 and 14: Weisnet Medal for Best Student Pape
Page 15 and 16: 3 63 rd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE New
Page 17 and 18: Figure 1. Layer 1 represents the so
Page 19 and 20: Figure 4. The general layout of the
Page 21 and 22: lue color represented no convection
Page 23 and 24: Total Density of Water Profiles The
Page 25 and 26: Figure 11(a). Simulated snow grain
Page 27 and 28: Jordan R, 1991. A one-dimensional t
Page 29 and 30: Campbell Scientific Award for Best
Page 31 and 32: 19 63 rd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE Ne
Page 41 and 42: R ∑i ∑ n 2 = 1 NS = − n i = 1
Page 49 and 50: Snow and Climate 37
Page 53 and 54:
Spatial distributions of changes in
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Snow and Climate Posters 43
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45 63 rd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE Ne
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Figure 2 presents correlation maps
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CONCLUSIONS Three regional-continen
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Discharge (mm) 20 18 16 14 12 10 8
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ABSTRACT 55 63 rd EASTERN SNOW CONF
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This paper analyzes the synoptic pa
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Cyclones that track west of the App
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The synoptic-scale atmospheric circ
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CONCLUSIONS The record snowfall in
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correlations between April-May snow
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Figure 3. Linear correlations betwe
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winter/early spring could contribut
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Snow Remote Sensing 73
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height averaged 11.4 m with an aver
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strings were buried 20 - 30 cm belo
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Although the λE/Rn fraction was on
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estimated snow depth based on the 2
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important to note that the average
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Schmidt, R. A., C. A. Troendle, and
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METHODS The IMS Product The IMS was
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Figure 1. Microwave spectral charac
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snow depth and SWE on a weekly basi
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Figure 4. Example of blended SWE pr
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Evaluation of the global distributi
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Figure 9. Inter-comparison plots of
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Helfrich, S.R., D. McNamara, B.H.Ra
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105 63 rd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE N
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and validated regionally so they ca
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109 Test Site Figure 2. Variation o
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Correlation Coe. Correlation Coe. C
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Figure 8. SSM/I scattering signatur
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Considering the facts mentioned abo
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Besides the temporal validation, th
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RMSE Non linear Azar Chang Goodison
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63 nd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE Newar
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http://www.ccin.ca); from simulatio
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over the period 1988-2000. With the
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Figure 3: Explained variance (R 2 )
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correspondence between simulated an
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values. Continued development of ne
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National Climatic Data Center (2005
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Snow Remote Sensing Posters 135
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ABSTRACT 63 rd EASTERN SNOW CONFERE
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day and has a mean pixel resolution
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Table 1. Wheaton River basin EASE-G
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The SSM/I snowmelt onset algorithm
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coarse-resolution pixel with the hi
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Figure 5. (a) Scatterplot of snowpa
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For both 2004 and 2005, the AMSR-E
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threshold of ±18 K that reflects t
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ABSTRACT 153 63 rd EASTERN SNOW CON
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DATA USED SSM/I & QuikSCAT Coverage
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180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1
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independent of regions. This greatl
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slightly vary the IMS with this pro
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imagery, the higher latitudes rely
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MODIS Land Science Team, NASA Godda
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FUTURE OF IMS Enhancements to the I
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information never present before on
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Brubaker, K.L., R. Pinker and E. De
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The Sierra Nevada del Cocuy region
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Colombia Venezuela Glacier Series R
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Table 4. Glacier Areas of the Ruiz-
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Pico Bonpland Massif-Sinigüis Glac
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Linder W, Jordan E, 1991. Ice-mass
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Snowpack Processes 193
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63 rd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE Newar
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In the following paragraph the main
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Figure 1: Variation of the season a
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Figure 3: 8-day composite maps (24
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The third pair (Figure 5) represent
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Figure 9: Time evolution of SWE ave
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melting occurs, whereas at the high
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Colbeck SC, Anderson EA. 1982. The
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A B Figure 1. Low-magnification sec
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GB ridge GB groove Figure 3. Higher
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CONCLUSION Figure 5. Indexed electr
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219 63rd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE De
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Meteorological data for the winter
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monthly probability adjusted data 4
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225 Pullman WA Rawlins WY Leadville
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The daily wind speed can exceed 6.5
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NCDC. 2006. National Climate Data C
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and mass balances for 540 environme
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Temperature, precipitation, windspe
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the left in response to snow compac
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Pinched-cone dimensions for each sl
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Terrain slope (degrees) Terrain slo
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was fund
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Glacial and Periglacial Processes 2
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From linear regression the constant
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DATA COLLECTION Figure 1. Location
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Table 1. Comparison of GPS measured
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Transverse Velocity Profiles Surfac
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is shown in Figure 4. This variatio
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Table 4. The calculated volume flux
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Figure 1. Cordillera Blanca regiona
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Field Measure
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Data analysis techniques We synthes
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season, but unacceptable for the dr
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significant, although more informat
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(a) Liquid Water (mm) Dry Period: M
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Future Work We are installing addit
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Shuttleworth, W.J., and J.S. Wallac
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Snow and Periglacial Processes Post
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----- -------------- ------- ------
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No one to date has shown why snowfl
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APPENDIX A Northern Hemisphere Year
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62nd ESC Papers 291
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62 nd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE Water
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each other; and, they both decrease
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297 62 nd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE W
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comes in the form of precipitation.
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averaged to reduce bias in this var
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RESULTS Figure 2. Flow chart of reg
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Table 6: Actual-Conditions SWE, dep
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307 Table 9: Regression results bet
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Goita, K., A. Walker, B. Goodison,
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TO ERR IS HUMAN, TO FORGET IT WOULD
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