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Minor, J. 1960. Watauga in Disaster Area: Red Cross, Guard Units Act to Aid Snow Victims. Watauga Democrat, March 17, 1960, p. 1. Mote, T.L., D.W. Gamble, S. J. Underwood, M.L. Bentley. 1997. Synoptic-scale features common to heavy snowstorms in the Southeast United States. Weather and Forecasting 12: 5–23. NWS. 1987. Snowstorm in the Appalachian Region on April 2–5, 1987. Storm Data 29: 6–14. NCDC. 2002. Cooperative Summary of the Day: Eastern U.S. Asheville, NC: National Climatic Data Center. NOAA. 1960. Daily Weather Maps, Weekly Series. Washington, D.C.: Department of Commerce, Environmental Data Service. Perry, L. Baker, Charles E. Konrad. 2005. The Influence of the Great Lakes on Snowfall Patterns in the Southern Appalachians. Proceedings of the 62 nd Eastern Snow Conference: 279–289. Perry, L. Baker, and Charles E. Konrad. 2006. Relationships between NW flow snowfall and topography in the Southern Appalachians, USA. Climate Research 32: 35–47. Perry, L. Baker, Charles E. Konrad, Thomas W. Schmidlin. 2006. Antecedent upstream air trajectories associated with northwest flow snowfall in the Southern Appalachians, USA. Weather and Forecasting, in press. Schmidlin, T.W. 1992. Does lake-effect snow extend to the mountains of West Virginia? Proceedings of the 49 th Eastern Snow Conference: 145–148. Watauga Democrat. 1960. Watauga Digging Out Of Mountainous Snowfall: Crews Work Round Clock to Open Roads. Watauga Democrat, March 10, 1960. 64
65 63 rd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE Newark, Delaware USA 2006 Influence of Snowfall Anomalies on Summer Precipitation in the Northern Great Plains of North America ABSTRACT STEVEN M. QUIRING 1 , AND DARIA B. KLUVER 2 Using observations from 1929 to 1999, we examine the relationship between winter/spring snowfall anomalies and summer precipitation over the northern Great Plains of North America. Both composite and correlation analysis indicate that anomalously dry (wet) summers are associated with negative (positive) snowfall anomalies during the preceding winter and spring. It is posited that below (above) normal snowfall is associated with decreases (increases) in spring/early summer soil moisture and associated decreases (increases) in local moisture recycling during summer. It appears that the snowfall anomalies must exceed some minimum threshold before they have a significant impact on atmospheric circulation and precipitation during the following summer. There is also significant temporal variability in the strength of the correlations between snowfall and summer moisture. Relationships between April–May snowfall and summer moisture were generally quite strong between 1929 and 1954 and 1970 to 1987, but were relatively weak during 1955 to 1969 and after 1987. This suggests that other factors may be modulating the importance of land surface processes. Keywords: snowfall, precipitation, drought, Great Plains INTRODUCTION Land surface conditions (e.g., snow cover, soil moisture) are important sources of seasonal climate predictability (Koster and Suarez, 2001; Koster et al., 2003; Koster et al., 2004). Numerous studies have demonstrated that Eurasian/Tibetan snow cover influences Indian/Asian monsoonal circulation and precipitation (Kripalani et al., 2002; Robock et al., 2003; Wu and Qian, 2003; Fasullo, 2004; Zhang et al., 2004). Snow cover and snow water equivalent have also been linked to variability in the North American Monsoon (Gutzler, 2000; Ellis and Hawkins, 2001; Hawkins et al., 2002; Lo and Clark, 2002; Matsui et al., 2003). Other studies have identified connections between Eurasian snow cover extent and summer air temperature in the United Kingdom (Qian and Saunders, 2003), and Canadian river discharge (Déry et al., 2005). Although both the presence and amount of snow can have a significant impact on the climate of local and remote regions, our understanding of the relationship between snow cover and climate is still incomplete. This is especially the case in the northern Great Plains of North America where there are a paucity of studies examining the relationship between snowfall/snow cover and summer precipitation. While Koster et al. (2004) found a strong coupling between soil moisture and precipitation in the Great Plains, to date no observational studies have examined the relationship between winter/spring snowfall (which contributes to soil moisture recharge) and summer drought 1 Department of Geography, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA 2 Department of Geography, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
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Proceedings of the 63rd ANNUAL EAST
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FOREWORD T his proceedings volume c
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CONTENTS Foreword..................
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STATEMENT OF PURPOSE The Eastern Sn
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EXECUTIVES FOR THE 63rd EASTERN SNO
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THE PRESIDENT’S PAGE The 63rd ann
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Weisnet Medal for Best Student Pape
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3 63 rd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE New
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Figure 1. Layer 1 represents the so
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Figure 4. The general layout of the
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lue color represented no convection
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Total Density of Water Profiles The
Page 25 and 26: Figure 11(a). Simulated snow grain
Page 27 and 28: Jordan R, 1991. A one-dimensional t
Page 29 and 30: Campbell Scientific Award for Best
Page 31 and 32: 19 63 rd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE Ne
Page 41 and 42: R ∑i ∑ n 2 = 1 NS = − n i = 1
Page 49 and 50: Snow and Climate 37
Page 53 and 54: Spatial distributions of changes in
Page 55 and 56: Snow and Climate Posters 43
Page 59 and 60: Figure 2 presents correlation maps
Page 61 and 62: CONCLUSIONS Three regional-continen
Page 65 and 66: Discharge (mm) 20 18 16 14 12 10 8
Page 67 and 68: ABSTRACT 55 63 rd EASTERN SNOW CONF
Page 69 and 70: This paper analyzes the synoptic pa
Page 71 and 72: Cyclones that track west of the App
Page 73 and 74: The synoptic-scale atmospheric circ
Page 75: CONCLUSIONS The record snowfall in
Page 79 and 80: correlations between April-May snow
Page 81 and 82: Figure 3. Linear correlations betwe
Page 83 and 84: winter/early spring could contribut
Page 85 and 86: Snow Remote Sensing 73
Page 89 and 90: height averaged 11.4 m with an aver
Page 91 and 92: strings were buried 20 - 30 cm belo
Page 93 and 94: Although the λE/Rn fraction was on
Page 95 and 96: estimated snow depth based on the 2
Page 97 and 98: important to note that the average
Page 99 and 100: Schmidt, R. A., C. A. Troendle, and
Page 103 and 104: METHODS The IMS Product The IMS was
Page 105 and 106: Figure 1. Microwave spectral charac
Page 107 and 108: snow depth and SWE on a weekly basi
Page 109 and 110: Figure 4. Example of blended SWE pr
Page 111 and 112: Evaluation of the global distributi
Page 113 and 114: Figure 9. Inter-comparison plots of
Page 115 and 116: Helfrich, S.R., D. McNamara, B.H.Ra
Page 117 and 118: 105 63 rd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE N
Page 119 and 120: and validated regionally so they ca
Page 121 and 122: 109 Test Site Figure 2. Variation o
Page 123 and 124: Correlation Coe. Correlation Coe. C
Page 125 and 126: Figure 8. SSM/I scattering signatur
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Considering the facts mentioned abo
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Besides the temporal validation, th
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RMSE Non linear Azar Chang Goodison
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63 nd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE Newar
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http://www.ccin.ca); from simulatio
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over the period 1988-2000. With the
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Figure 3: Explained variance (R 2 )
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correspondence between simulated an
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values. Continued development of ne
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National Climatic Data Center (2005
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Snow Remote Sensing Posters 135
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ABSTRACT 63 rd EASTERN SNOW CONFERE
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day and has a mean pixel resolution
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Table 1. Wheaton River basin EASE-G
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The SSM/I snowmelt onset algorithm
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coarse-resolution pixel with the hi
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Figure 5. (a) Scatterplot of snowpa
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For both 2004 and 2005, the AMSR-E
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threshold of ±18 K that reflects t
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ABSTRACT 153 63 rd EASTERN SNOW CON
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DATA USED SSM/I & QuikSCAT Coverage
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157 63 rd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE N
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180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1
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independent of regions. This greatl
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slightly vary the IMS with this pro
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imagery, the higher latitudes rely
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MODIS Land Science Team, NASA Godda
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FUTURE OF IMS Enhancements to the I
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information never present before on
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Brubaker, K.L., R. Pinker and E. De
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The Sierra Nevada del Cocuy region
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Colombia Venezuela Glacier Series R
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Table 4. Glacier Areas of the Ruiz-
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Pico Bonpland Massif-Sinigüis Glac
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Linder W, Jordan E, 1991. Ice-mass
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Snowpack Processes 193
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63 rd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE Newar
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In the following paragraph the main
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Figure 1: Variation of the season a
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Figure 3: 8-day composite maps (24
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The third pair (Figure 5) represent
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Figure 9: Time evolution of SWE ave
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melting occurs, whereas at the high
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Colbeck SC, Anderson EA. 1982. The
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A B Figure 1. Low-magnification sec
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GB ridge GB groove Figure 3. Higher
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CONCLUSION Figure 5. Indexed electr
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219 63rd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE De
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Meteorological data for the winter
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monthly probability adjusted data 4
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225 Pullman WA Rawlins WY Leadville
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The daily wind speed can exceed 6.5
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NCDC. 2006. National Climate Data C
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and mass balances for 540 environme
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Temperature, precipitation, windspe
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the left in response to snow compac
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Pinched-cone dimensions for each sl
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Terrain slope (degrees) Terrain slo
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was fund
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Glacial and Periglacial Processes 2
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From linear regression the constant
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DATA COLLECTION Figure 1. Location
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Table 1. Comparison of GPS measured
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Transverse Velocity Profiles Surfac
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is shown in Figure 4. This variatio
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Table 4. The calculated volume flux
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Figure 1. Cordillera Blanca regiona
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Field Measure
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Data analysis techniques We synthes
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season, but unacceptable for the dr
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significant, although more informat
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(a) Liquid Water (mm) Dry Period: M
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Future Work We are installing addit
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Shuttleworth, W.J., and J.S. Wallac
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Snow and Periglacial Processes Post
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----- -------------- ------- ------
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No one to date has shown why snowfl
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APPENDIX A Northern Hemisphere Year
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62nd ESC Papers 291
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62 nd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE Water
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each other; and, they both decrease
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297 62 nd EASTERN SNOW CONFERENCE W
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comes in the form of precipitation.
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averaged to reduce bias in this var
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RESULTS Figure 2. Flow chart of reg
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Table 6: Actual-Conditions SWE, dep
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307 Table 9: Regression results bet
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Goita, K., A. Walker, B. Goodison,
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TO ERR IS HUMAN, TO FORGET IT WOULD
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