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WORD-STEM COMPLETION PRIMING IN AD 9Downloaded By: [Millet, Xavier] At: 10:57 4 November 2009not influence word completion priming tasks (Challis etal., 1996; Graf et al., 1982; Roediger et al., 1992),consistently with two other meta-analyses (Brown &Mitchell, 1994; Challis & Brodbeck, 1992), our resultssupport the assumption that cognitive operationsengaged at the encoding phase influence word-stemcompletion performances in AD.However, it is important to underline that the natureof processing at encoding is not sufficient to determinelater implicit retrieval. For example, it has been shownthat with the same encoding condition, AD patients’priming magnitude varies according to retrievalprocedure (Vaidya et al., 1999) since priming performancesare influenced by competition and selectionprocesses operating at retrieval. Thus, the pattern ofnormal and abnormal priming in AD patients may bethe result of a complex interaction between encoding andretrieval processes. Consistently with the latest model byRoediger et al. (2002) providing a procedural approachof memory, priming may depend on the specific matchof cognitive operations between study and test phases.As previously suggested by Maki and Knopman (1996),AD patients seem to show impaired priming in theabsence of processing contiguity between study and testphases. They would necessitate greater hyperspecificityof transfer operations between encoding and retrievalthan in normal elderly adults. Because word-stemcompletion priming is based on the generation processesin response to a fragment cue, a condition consisting inpreviously generating a word at the encoding phasecould constitute a significant help for AD patients toimplicitly retrieve the target information.In the last two decades, different programs ofcognitive rehabilitation taping residual implicit memoryprocesses such as errorless learning (e.g., Clare et al.,2000) and spaced retrieval (e.g., Camp, Foss, O’Hanlon,& Stevens, 1996) have been developed in AD. It appearsnow crucial to identify the conditions that may optimizepatients’ performances. Our study points out thatelaborate processing involving word generation orsemantic judgments would be necessary to elicit levels ofword-stem completion priming in AD patients equivalentto that of elderly controls. In particular, selfgeneratingwords at encoding may have provided a richcontextual input subverting loss of conceptual processesin AD patients. 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