PDF - Guram Chikovani

– “words”, “expressions”. The suffix Át here denotes Fem. pl; ÷arÊ > arz
“petition”.
Despite phonological changes localization rows of consonants are
mainly preserved in the QAD. There are:
I The row of labials: b m p w labiodental f
IIThe row of dentals: d n t z s ã
III The row of alveolars: l r
IV The row of palatals: Ó É í â y
V The row of velars and uvulars: g k q Ò Õ
VI The row of pharyngeals: ÷ Ô
VII The row of glottals: h
Two phonemes not found in literary Arabic are encountered in the
QAD, these are: p and É. Their emergence should not be ascribed only to
the influence of the Tajik and Uzbek langauges. This is also caused by the
development of corresponding Arabic sounds. That is why p and É occur in
in words of Tajik and Uzbek origin as well as purely Arabic lexemes. e. g.
poliâta “pillow”, Éai “tea”, harap < harab “fled, bolted, escaped”, uÉi “my
face”. Some consonants are characterized by emphasization. e. g. /r/ - ros
“head”, /b/ - raÈÈ “hord”; /Ü/ uÜÜa – “mother”. If a syllable contains
an emphatic vowel, it undergoes emphasization. This phenomenon is
found in Arabic, both in the literary language and its dialects. Emphasized
sounds /Ü/ /b/ /r/ are the variants of nonemphatic phonemes. In some
cases they occur as independent phonemes.
29 phonemes are distinguished in the QAD: /p/ /b/ /m/ /w/ /f/ /t/ /d/
/n/ /s/ /z/ /l/ /r/ /â/ /É/ /Ó/ /k/ /g/ /Õ/ /y/ /Ò/ /ã/ /Ô/ /÷/ /h/ /a/ /e/
/i/ /u/ /o/
According to their phonetic and distributional features they are divided
into two classes: consonants and vowels. Vowels serve to form syllables,
whereas consonants lack this features. The system of consonantal
phonemes contains 24 units – 7 sonorous sounds, 15 voiceless consonants
and 2 affricates.
The following distinctive features of phonemes are identifiable in the
QAD: vocalic, consonantal, compact, voiced, nasal, continuant, aspirate,
strident, peripheral, glottalized, palatal.
These are binary features, needed for paradigmatic identification of
phonemes.
According to the first two binary features – vocalic – consonantal, the
following classes are distinguishable in the QAD:
1. Vocalic and non-consonantal: a e i u o
2. Vocalic and consonantal: y w
3. consonantal and non-vocalic: p b m l d s z â É Ó k g Õ q Ò ã Ô ÷ h
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