PDF - Guram Chikovani

egards mainly to the Uzbek and Tajiki borrowings. Models of stems are
represented in the work according to their inner structure. Along with the
so-called simple nominals, new-type verbal nominals are found as well.
The structure of nouns has undergone certain changes, which was
chiefly due to phonetic peculiarities. As a result, models of the QAD nouns
do not always correspond to their literary parallels. The nominal categories
of gender, number and definiteness are also discussed at this point.
The basic marker of the feminine gender in the QAD is the element
a/e. The allomorphs -at, -×t, -t are, evidenced as well. The situation is
analogous in the Bukhara dialect. A marker is characteristic of some words
which had no marker of the fem. gender in Classical Arabic: âamse "the
sun" waÉe "face".
The plural in the QAD is formed mainly with the suffix - Át. This rule
applies both to the fem. and masc. nouns. Rarely, to build the plural,
masc. nouns take the suffix -in, and fem. nouns - the suffix yÁm or Ám:
hamrayÁm "gold coins". Broken plural forms: imãÁr "rains" are also
preserved in the dialect. The double plural is characteristic too: faras×nÁt
"horses", imãÁrÁt "rains".
The dual number in the QAD is represented in the set forms denoting
two corresponding bodily parts: ×dÎn "two hands" ÷ainÎn "two eyes", "eyes".
In the Bukhara dialect forms of the dual number drop næn in the
position of the modified: ÷ainÎy adamiy "man's two eyes". This confirms
the linguistic potential of formation of the dual number in the Bukhara
dialect.
indefinitness in the QAD is expressed by means of the indefinite
pronoun - fad "one", "someone", "somebody". It derives from Arabic -
fardun "one". fad is used in preposition and it agrees with the noun in
gender. fad sab× "one boy", fadhate mÝra "one woman".
Notably enough, in the QAD, unlike the Bukhara dialect, the definite
article il is found rarely: áoÔb il-Ôoiã "the owner of the house" pÝâÝ ilwalad
áayaÔ "the pasha called (this boy)".
Forms with the endings - in/×n are widespread in the Bukhara dialect,
they are found between the modifier and the modified, constituting a
certain linking element. For instance: kalb×n kb×r "big dog", such nunation
is typical of the Qashqa-daryÁ dialect as well: Ôoiã×n Ód×d "new house".
In the structure of the adjective the following main types are
identifiable: aCCaC for masc. form and CaCCa for fem. forms. The type
C1VC2C3V is widespread with the following variants: a) C1 a C2C3Án and b)
C1oC2C3Ýn : âab÷Án "satisfied" Óow÷Ýn "hungry".
In the analysis of the adjective attention is manly focused on the
formation of the superlative degree which differs from the literary Arabic.
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