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Table 3.7.1 Environmental factors influencing the outcomeafter ventilation tube insertion.AuthorYearReferenceCountryStudydesignPatient populationCriteria forriskfactorIlicali et al1999[181]TurkeyProspectivecase-controlstudyFollow-up1 yearn=1663–7 years, ventilation tubesbecause of AOM ≥3 episodes/6 month or 4/12 monthSOM ≥3 months bilat or≥6 months unilaterallyCases: n=82 (exposed)Controls: n=84 (non-exposed)Maternal tobaccosmoking registeredby questionnaireIlicali et al2001[182]TurkeyProspectivecase-controldesign, followup1 year afterinsertion oftympanostomytuben=1143–8 years, ventilationtubes because of AOM ≥3episodes/6 month or 4/12 monthSOM ≥3 month bilat or ≥6 monthunilaterallyCases: n=84 (exposed)Controls: n=30 (non-exposed)Parental smokinghistory by questionnaires.Validated by Cotinineanalysis.Cotinine/creatinine>25 ng/mg=exposedPraveen et al2005[183]UnitedKingdomProspectivecase-controlstudyn=606 (1 174 ears)6 month–14 years, ventilationtubes because of secretory otitismedia (glue ear)Passive smokingone parent (fatheror mother) or bothparents registeredby questionnairesAOM = Acute otitis media; SOM = Secretory Otitis Media; ns = Non Significant192Rörbehandling vid inflammation i mellanörat