an investigation of dual stator winding induction machines

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u prpi () t 2 ⎧ µ ω r * ( ( ) ) ⎫ 0 1 P1 j ω1t −2 P1ω rt −P1 i−1 α r ⎪ j 2 ⋅ Cs1 ⋅ I iR1 ⋅ C R ⋅ e ⎪ ⎪ P1 g ⎪ = 2 π rl Re⎨ ⎬ (5.52) 2 ⎪ µ ω r * 0 1 P1 j( ω1t + P1 ( i−1) α r ) − j 2 ⋅ C ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⎪ ⎪ s1 I iR1 C R e ⎪ ⎩ P1 g ⎭ For all the rotor loops, the total induced EMF in the stator winding A by the rotor loop currents is given in (5.53). u prp () t 2 N ⎧ r µ r * ( ) ( ( ) ) ⎫ 0ω1 P1 j ω1t −2 P1ω rt − j P1 i−1 α r ⎪ j 2 ⋅ Cs1 ⋅ C R ⋅ e ⋅∑ I iR1 ⋅ e ⎪ ⎪ P1 g i= 1 ⎪ = 2π rl Re⎨ ⎬ (5.53) 2 Nr ⎪ µ 0ω1r * P j( t ) j( P ( i−1) ) ⎪ 1 ω1 1 α r ⎪− j 2 ⋅ C s1 ⋅ C R ⋅ e ⋅∑ I iR1 ⋅ e ⎪ ⎩ P1 g i= 1 ⎭ A rotor speed dependent frequency component is induced in the ABC winding set by currents induced in the rotor circuit due to the fundamental currents flowing in the ABC winding set, whose frequency is given as ω1 − 2Pω 1 r . 5.2.1.8 Voltages in the XYZ Winding Set due to the Rotor Currents induced by Currents Flowing in the ABC Winding Set. The EMF induced in the phase X of XYZ winding set is obtained by multiplying the electric field of th i rotor loop with the winding distribution of the phase X as: 2π () t = rl C ( θ ) ⋅ E ( θ t) ∫ u prpi qrpi X , dθ (5.54) 0 Substituting (5.18) and (5.49) into (5.54) and integrating, u qrpi () t ⎧ ⎪ ⎪ k = rl Re ⎨ ⎪ ⎪ + ⎩ 2π ∑ ∫ ∑ ∫ k 0 C 2π 0 s2 C e − jP2θ * s2 e µ 0ω1r ⋅ jk g jP2θ 2 µ 0ω1r ⋅ jk g 2 2 ⋅ I iR1 2 ⋅ I 206 ⋅C iR1 k R ⋅C ⋅ e k R ( ω t−kθ + k ( i−1) α + ( k −P ) ω t ) j ⋅ e 1 ( ω t−kθ + k ( i−1) α + ( k −P ) ω t ) j 1 r r 1 r 1 ⎫ dθ ⎪ ⎪ ⎬ r dθ ⎪ ⎪ ⎭
The first term in equation (5.55) is zero unless, k = −P2 The second term in equation (5.55) is zero unless, k = P2 Then the induced EMF equation is simplified as: u qrpi () t 207 (5.55) 2 ⎧ µ ω r * ( ( ) ( ) ) ⎫ 0 1 P2 j ω1t + −P2 −P1 ωrt −P2 i−1 α r ⎪ j 2 ⋅C s2 ⋅ I iR1 ⋅C R ⋅ e ⎪ ⎪ P2 g ⎪ = 2 π rl Re⎨ ⎬ (5.56) 2 ⎪ µ ω r * 0 1 P2 j( ω1t + ( P2 −P1 ) ωrt + P2 ( i−1) α r ) − j 2 ⋅C ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⎪ ⎪ s2 I iR1 CR e ⎪ ⎩ P2 g ⎭ For all the rotor loops, the total induced EMF in the stator winding X by the rotor loop currents is given in (5.57). u qrqi () t 2 Nr ⎧ µ r * ( ( ) ) ( ( ) ) ⎫ 0ω1 P2 j ω1t + −P1 −P2 ωrt − j P2 i−1 α r ⎪ j 2 ⋅ Cs 2 ⋅C R ⋅ e ⋅∑ I iR1 ⋅ e ⎪ ⎪ P2 g i= 1 ⎪ = 2π rl Re⎨ ⎬(5.57) 2 Nr ⎪ µ r * 0ω1 P2 j( ω1t + ( P2 −P1 ) ωrt ) j( P2 ( i−1) α r ) − j 2 ⋅C ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⎪ ⎪ s2 C R e ∑ I iR1 e ⎪ ⎩ P2 g i= 1 ⎭ The rotor current due to the ABC winding set induces two new frequency components-- ω1 + ( − P2 − P1 ) ωr and ω1 ( P2 − P1 ) ωr + in the XYZ winding set. They are the products of the interactions between these two stator winding sets. 5.2.1.9 Voltages in the XYZ Winding Set due to the Rotor Currents induced by Currents Flowing in the XYZ Winding Set. The rotor surface current density distribution is the multiplication of the rotor winding distribution and rotor currents: ' ' ( t) = C ( ) ⋅ i () t J r 2 i , Ri θ rqi θ (5.58)
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AN ABSTRACT OF A DISSERTAION AN INV
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coupling and interaction terms are
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CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL OF DISSERTA
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to ex
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vi Page 2.2 Machine Design I.......
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viii Page 4.2.3 Self Inductances of
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x Page 7.3.4 f = 30 Hz and f = 95 H
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xii Page 10.8 D-decomposition Metho
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LIST OF FIGURES xiv Page Figure 1.1
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Figure 3.10 The simulation of the s
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Figure 3.34 Measured flux densities
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xx Page Figure 4.8 Self-inductance
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Figure 5.2. Simulation results for
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Figure 6.8. The dynamic response of
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Figure 7.22. Copper losses of the m
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Figure 8.7. The dynamic response of
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Figure 9.4 Steady state analysis, (
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Figure 9.12. The steady state wavef
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xxxiv Page Figure 10.16 Pole-zero m
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Figure 11.2 Per phase equivalent ci
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND LITERATU
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The last is the recently developed
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It should be noted that at any time
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A. R. Munoz and T.A. Lipo are pione
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has to be modified to adapt to thes
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circuit model of an induction machi
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ωr stator rotor 13 ωr rotor (a) (
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1.2.4 Field Analysis Method In [5.1
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separated dc source, etc. From the
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in [8.14]. In [8.15-8.17], the stud
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[8.22] and the total losses of the
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proposed. The switching frequency i
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The actual rotor mechanical speed i
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1.2.9 Induction Machine Drive---Vec
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stator windings were used as flux s
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The rotor flux can be obtained by:
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The basic idea of a closed loop flu
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estimation. It has been claimed in
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{ k [ ˆ* ( i iˆ ) ] ( k) [ ˆ* Im
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integral and a new stretch-turn ope
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The most recent overview paper is g
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CHAPTER 2 DUAL STATOR WINDING INDUC
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Table 2.1 Parameters of machine des
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A C B 2.2.2 Air Gap Flux Density X
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where, ω s1 and s2 respectively.
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There are two unknown variables in
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Since small machines typically have
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N s E = (2.18) 4. 44 fK φ 1 m Flux
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conduct away the heat produced in t
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k cs τ s = 2 2b ⎪ ⎧ ⎡ ⎤⎪
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are: Fts = H ts( ave) d s ( ave) =
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1 2 1 = H o ( ) + H o ( ) + H cr 90
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The skew of the stator winding is n
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0 bs Figure 2.5. Detailed stator sl
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y: The pole pitch at the mid point
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L lsk = L m ( α 2) ⎪⎧ ⎡sin
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2.3.4 Rotor Bar Resistance r b The
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2.3.7 Rotor Resistance Referred to
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Substituting δ = π into (2.97) an
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atio also increases. The air gap fl
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From (2.105-2.108), the ratio of th
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2.5 Conclusions In this chapter, a
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A recently developed dual stator wi
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stator winding induction machine ba
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∫ H ⋅ dl = ∫ J ⋅ ds = N ⋅
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theory itself is correct. The inacc
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( θ ) ⋅ g( θ, θ ) − H ( 0)
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where ( θ ) n A is the average of
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Since the definition of the mutual
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3Cs1 Cs1 − Cs1 − 3Cs1 6Cs1 4Cs1
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3.4.2 Mutual Inductances of the ABC
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where, ( θ ) n is the average of t
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1 0 α 1 − r 2π α − r 2π Fig
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When the skewing factor of the roto
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3.6 Calculation of Stator-Rotor Mut
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dλ v = R ⋅ i + (3.58) dt where,
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3.7.1.3 Stator flux linkage in ABC
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where, r R is the resistance matrix
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Only terms in equation (3.77) which
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119 ( ) ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥ ⎥
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−1 −1 −1 where, λ qdr = Tr L
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3.16 and Figure 3.17. It is found f
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Figure 3.11 The simulation of the d
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Figure 3.14 The simulation of the s
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Figure 3.16 Rotor bar currents duri
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Phase Y Figure 3.20 Air gap flux de
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Figure 3.24 Total air gap flux dens
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Figure 3.27 The air gap flux densit
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Figure 3.29 Air gap flux density co
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Figure 3.33 Air gap flux density in
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All the waveforms shown above are t
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Figure 3.39 Air gap flux density pr
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Figure 3.42 Normalized spectrum of
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CHAPTER 4 FULL MODEL SIMULATION OF
Page 195 and 196: Substituting (3.28) and (3.29) into
Page 197 and 198: Figure 4.3 Self-inductance under 20
Page 199 and 200: Figure 4.4 Mutual inductance under
Page 201 and 202: that L AB = L BA , L BC = L CB and
Page 207 and 208: the assumption that the rotor skew
Page 215 and 216: 4.4 Mutual Inductances Calculation
Page 217 and 218: Figure 4.24 Stator rotor mutual ind
Page 219 and 220: Figure 4.25 Stator rotor mutual ind
Page 221 and 222: varying inductances excited by four
Page 223 and 224: Equations similar to (4.15-4.16) we
Page 225 and 226: the number of poles for the winding
Page 227 and 228: Figure 4.29 Dynamic response of dua
Page 229 and 230: (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 4.32. Normal
Page 231 and 232: CHAPTER 5 FIELD ANALYSIS OF DUAL ST
Page 233 and 234: In the analysis that follows the fu
Page 235 and 236: where, C s1 is the number of series
Page 237 and 238: θ , ∂B1 µ 0r = ⋅ J1 θ ∂θ
Page 239 and 240: C C = k π ⋅ d s2 s2 s2 199 (5.19
Page 241 and 242: the XYZ winding set is obtained by
Page 243 and 244: u rpi 2π ' k − jk θ −( i−1)
Page 245: The corresponding flux densities in
Page 249 and 250: The second term in (5.64) is zero u
Page 251 and 252: 5.2.2 Torque Equation The calculati
Page 253 and 254: Re j( ω ) ⎧ 1t− P1θ µ 0r j(
Page 255 and 256: * ( ) ( ) ( ) ⎛ P1 ⋅ ⋅ ⎞ j
Page 257 and 258: * Since both ( ) C 2π ∫ 0 2 * Cs
Page 259 and 260: (A) Induced voltage in the ABC wind
Page 261 and 262: 5.3.3 Equation of Torque Contribute
Page 263 and 264: winding set works as a generator, w
Page 265 and 266: possible for the brushless doubly-f
Page 267 and 268: Since the number of rotor bar is n,
Page 269 and 270: 5.6 Computer Simulation and Experim
Page 271 and 272: Figure 5.2. Simulation results for
Page 273 and 274: 5.7. Conclusions In this chapter, u
Page 275 and 276: good steady-state predictions and c
Page 277 and 278: which are superimposed some space h
Page 279 and 280: (a) (b) (c) Figure 6.1: Main flux s
Page 281 and 282: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Figure 6.3: Fin
Page 283 and 284: (a) (b) Figure 6.5: Induced air-gap
Page 285 and 286: Substituting (6.7) into (6.4-6.6),
Page 287 and 288: L L L L L L L λ + lr1 m1 ls1 m1 lr
Page 289 and 290: 6.4 Simulation and Experimental Res
Page 291 and 292: Figure 6.7 . Simulation results for
Page 293 and 294: Figure 6.9 Experimental results for
Page 295 and 296: diminish the contribution of the 6-
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CHAPTER 7 STEADY STATE ANALYSIS OF
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where, L L = (7.11) si mi iqdri λq
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Overall efficiency of the dual stat
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Figure 7.2 Stator current speed cha
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Figure 7.6 Power factor speed chara
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Figure 7.9 Power factor speed chara
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7.3.5 f = 35Hz and f = 90 Hz abc xy
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Figure 7.16 Torque speed characteri
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this conclusion is based on the ass
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Figure 7.21. ω s1 vs s2 ω when to
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Figure 7.25 ω s1 vs s2 ω when the
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Figure 7.28. Copper losses of the m
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7.4 Conclusions Based on the steady
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applications and possible use as st
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L pλ + λ = I − = σ (8.3) ( ω
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espectively. The stator q and d axi
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* 3 * ( V I ) V Re( M I ) 3 P p = R
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the modulation index of the rectifi
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Lie derivative and relative order d
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The above algorithm requires that t
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σ = 3 1+ K ( Vqs1iqs1 + Vds1 ds1)
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Butterworth polynomial with the den
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Table 8.1 Parameters of controllers
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generally the case to get a good pe
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Table 8.2 Machine parameters for si
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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) Figure
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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i)
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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i)
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CHAPTER 9 HIGH PERFORMANCE CONTROL
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The qd0 voltage equations of a dual
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317 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ⎥ ⎥ ⎥
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If the rotor speed and the rotor fl
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Infeasible region (a) Vdc1 and Vdc2
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The influences of the saturation of
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Figure 9.5(a), by varying the q-axi
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Figure 9.5 Steady state analysis, (
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L1 L3 2 ( 1− K ) Vdc1 3 = ( Vqs1i
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If the PI controllers are used and
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egulation capabilities of the contr
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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (k)
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(a) (b) Figure 9.11. The starting p
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9.6 Conclusions The high performanc
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induction machine are applicable to
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In section 10.2, the fundamentals o
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The vector control of an induction
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possibilities for fault conditions,
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where, where, − r r L = (10.18) (
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qsi qsi * ( I I ) σ = K ⋅ − (1
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In the proposed control scheme, rot
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* ωr * ωr + + − ωr k p + ki s
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The value of ω 0 determines the dy
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10.4.4 Stator D-axis Current Contro
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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Figure 10.4
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The proposed control scheme has als
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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) Figure
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10.6 Full-order Flux Observer The c
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while the second three-phase windin
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L r L p ˆ λ ˆ ˆ (10.66) ri si r
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373 [ ] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
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t 2bi ⎛ rsiLri K iL ⎞ ⎛ ri K
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ri D i si ri ri si mi ri 2 ( K )
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esults show that the selected obser
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Figure 10.12 The poles of the 6-pol
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383 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
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⎧t s ⎨ ⎩ts 1 2 = t = t 1 2 Th
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Figure 10.15 The poles of the machi
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X i i = X Y = Y i i ( σ , ω) ( σ
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this error is used as the feedback.
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ˆ ω rm The output error is expres
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The expressions of t1 i and t2 i ar
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397 ( ) ( ) ( ) bi ei i bi ei i ai
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The transfer function of rotor spee
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(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 10.16 Pole-z
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Figure 10.19 Pole-zero maps with di
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Figure 10.22 Pole-zero maps with di
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should ensure the stability under a
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The boundary of the speed controlle
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10.11 Simulation Results for Sensor
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Figure 10.28 Speed estimation for 2
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(a) (b) Figure 10.31 Speed estimati
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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Figure 10.3
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Figure 10.34 Actual and estimated v
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CHAPTER 11 HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
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esistance for two phase windings. T
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11.2.3 Short Circuit Test The short
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When the input voltages of 2-pole A
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winding set is generating and the o
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11.4 Per Unit Model For the fixed p
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1 = 12 2 0. 0024414 The transformat
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ase values of voltage/current. The
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Start System configuration Initiali
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CHAPTER 12 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE W
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Using the rotating-field theory and
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each winding have been clearly show
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voltages of different frequencies,
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REFERENCES 447
Page 489 and 490:
[2.2]. P. C. Roberts, "A Study of B
Page 491 and 492:
[5.3]. R. A. McMahon, P. C. Roberts
Page 493 and 494:
[8.17]. O. Ojo, “Performance of s
Page 495 and 496:
[10.5]. J. C. Moreira, K. T. Hung,
Page 497 and 498:
[10.27]. M. Hinkkanen, “Analysis
Page 499 and 500:
[10.48]. K. Lee and F. Blaabjerg,
Page 501 and 502:
VITA Zhiqiao Wu was born in Shashi,
Page 503:
3. Zhiqiao Wu and O. Ojo, "High Per
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