CYPRIOT GRAMMAR
CYPRIOT GRAMMAR
CYPRIOT GRAMMAR
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Chapter 44: The Gerund, the Past Participle and Reported<br />
Speech<br />
44.1 The Gerund –Το Γερούντιον<br />
The Gerund is a specific type of a verb which signals an on going action. It can also be used as an adverb like the ones in Chapter 43 and<br />
in addition it can also be used to refer to an action theoretically and hypothetically. Gerunds are widely used in English but are not that<br />
common in Cypriot. Examples are: I’m sitting at the desk studying, By studying I will be smarter. He is running around prancing. It is<br />
important to note that contrary to English the Gerund in Cypriot is not used in the form of a noun.<br />
44.2 Producing the Gerund – Παράγοντας το Γερούντιον<br />
Producing the Gerund in English involves taking a verb and adding the suffix –ing. In Cypriot the procedure is just as simple.<br />
1 st Category<br />
Verb -> Drop the –ω -> Add -οντα<br />
Φέρειπειν<br />
Δέρνω -> Δέρν -> Δέρνοντα<br />
Αλλάσσω -> Αλλάσς -> Αλλάσσοντα<br />
Γυρεύκω -> Γυρεύκ -> Γυρεύκοντα<br />
2 nd Category<br />
Verb -> Drop the –ώ -> Add –ώντα<br />
Φέρειπειν<br />
Φακκώ -> Φακκ -> Φακκώντα<br />
Βουρώ -> Βουρ -> Βουρώντα<br />
Ασκοπώ -> Ασκοπ -> Ασκοπώντα<br />
Like in English the Gerund is NOT conjugated.<br />
Φέρειπειν<br />
Εγιώ κάθουμαι τρώοντα<br />
Εσού κάθεσαι τρώοντα<br />
Τούτος/τούτη/τούτον κάθεται τρώοντα<br />
Εμείς καθούμαστιν τρώοντα<br />
Εσείς καθούσαστιν τρώοντα<br />
Τούτοι/τούτες/τούτα κάθουνται τρώοντας<br />
For Verbs in the Passive Voice and for Impersonal verbs you cannot have any Gerund. For Passive Verbs it can be done periphrastically by<br />
turning the verb from the passive voice into the active and adding the personal pronouns according to the case the verb takes.<br />
Φέρειπειν<br />
Δέρνουμαι -> Δέρνω -> Δέρνοντα με<br />
Χαλγιούμαι -> Χαλώ -> Χαλώντα με<br />
44.3 The Past Participle – Η Μετοσ’ή<br />
The Past Participle refers to the form of the verb in the Present Perfect which can also be used as a noun. For example:<br />
Beat -> beaten<br />
Sick -> sickened<br />
Sit -> sat<br />
Clean -> cleaned<br />
If you use these forms with the auxuliary verb of the Present Perfect, ‘to have’, they the function as verbs.<br />
I have beaten<br />
I have sickened<br />
I have sat<br />
I have cleaned.<br />
However these forms can also be used as adjectives if used with the verb ‘to be’. Therefore:<br />
I am/was beaten<br />
I am/was sickened<br />
I am/was sat<br />
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