CYPRIOT GRAMMAR

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2. When the verb starts with any consonant ‘εν’ adds ‘ι-‘ as a prefix to the verb. -> If it starts with a ‘π’ then it adds a ‘μ’ as a prefix. -> If it starts with a ‘κ’ then it adds a ‘γ’ as a prefix. Examples Ξέρω vs Εν ιξέρω. I know vs I do not know Πκιάννω vs Εν μπκιάννω I get vs I do not get Καταλάβω vs Εν γκαταλάβω I understand vs I do not understand Emphatic Negation Greekcypriot also has an emphatic negation in which the negation is emphasized and given a stronger effect. This is done with the particle ‘έντζ’αι’. Examples Εν ιξέρω vs Έντζαι ξέρω. I do not know vs I really do not know. Εν μπκιάννω vs Έντζ’αι πκιάννω. I do not get vs I really do not get. Εν γκαταλάβω vs Εντζαι καταλάβω. I do not understand vs I really do not understand. 8.4 Word Order The topic of Word order in Cypriot calls for an extensive explanation. Cypriot has borrowed the flexibility of Word Order from Ancient Greek giving it a total of SIX Word orders with different effect! These are: 1. Subject + Verb + Object Ο λας έναι δυνατός. This is the single most common word order in Cypriot. It can be characterized as a statively neutral word order. 2. Subject + Object + Verb Ο λας δυνατός έναι. In this word order the ephasis is placed on the object, therefore if someone says this phrase he is emphasising that ‘that man is has the EGG’. 3. Verb + Subject + Object Έναι ο λάς δυνατός. This is another statively neutral word order but is also most commonly used to phrase neutral questions! Therefore: Έναι ο λας δυνατός; Does he have the egg? 4. Verb + Object + Subject Έναι δυνατός ο λας. This is the 3 rd statively neutral word order. 5. Object + Verb + Subject Δυνατός έναι ο λας. In this word order the ephasis is placed on the subject, therefore if someone says this phrase he is emphasising that ‘it is that MAN who has the egg’. Please not the use of the neuter personal pronoun. It can also be used to form questions with an emphasis on the subject. 6. Object + Subject + Verb Δυνατός ο λας έναι. 24
In this word order the ephasis is placed on the verb, therefore if someone says this phrase he is emphasising that ‘it is the nation who ACTUALLY IS strong’. 8.5 Ασκήεις – Exercises Translate the following sentences in Cypriot with the normal SVO word order: You have stools - ? I have an egg - ? They are paint jobs - ? This is meat - ? That is a man - ? He has a woman - ? You(plural) have children - ? Those are cousins - ? You are a father - ? We are women - ? 25
Page 1 and 2: Σύγρονη Γραμματιτζ
Page 3 and 4: History and Literature It is only n
Page 5 and 6: Υγω -> υκω Φ -> χ Φθ ->
Page 7 and 8: 1.4 Punctuation 1.4.1 The Stress Ma
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 2: Articles and Nouns (1) A
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 3: Nouns and Articles (2) I
Page 13 and 14: 3.4.5 Type E -ρης ___________Art
Page 15 and 16: Vocative______ρα/α___στραπ
Page 17 and 18: Nominative__το___πορτοκκά
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 6: Demonstrative Pronouns T
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 7: Personal Pronouns What w
Page 23: Chapter 8: The verbs ‘to be’ an
Page 27 and 28: 9.1.6 (ο) καθένας/Καθα
Page 29 and 30: Nobody loves me. Έσ’ει καν
Page 31 and 32: Why do you have it? Γιατί έν
Page 33 and 34: 10.2.3 -ύς -> -ιά -> -ύν Φε
Page 35 and 36: Καλός = good Κακός = bad
Page 37 and 38: IMPORTANT TIP: Concerning adjective
Page 39 and 40: All the above phrases can be used i
Page 41 and 42: Τριπλός_Triple Τετραπ
Page 43 and 44: 12.6 Nouns of age One special chara
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 13: Basic Phrases & Vocabul
Page 47 and 48: Τζ’ίτρινον = yellow Πρ
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 15: Basic Dialogue (2) More
Page 51 and 52: Εγιώνι__πκιορώννω__
Page 53 and 54: longer), μαρανίσκω (to wil
Page 55 and 56: 17.1 2 nd Category -α Chapter 17:
Page 57 and 58: καταλάβω (to understand),
Page 59 and 60: Chapter 18: Verbs - The Aorist - Α
Page 61 and 62: ρέμπω -> έρεμπηα χιέ
Page 63 and 64: δόχνει -> έδοξεν -> ε
Page 65 and 66: Chapter 20: Prepositions - Προθ
Page 67 and 68: The preposition ‘θκιά’ mean
Page 69 and 70: I eat neither nor dairy. Μέ δα
Page 71 and 72: V. -ρνω Drop the -ω and add the
Page 73 and 74: Chapter 22: Verbs - The Imperfect -
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22.8 Ασκήεις Change the foll
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Φερειπείν Φκαίννω -
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Παρά να πάεις έσσο,
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Τούτος_βουρήει___Το
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Πρέπει να βουράς γι
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Έδωκα σου το εχτές
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Until I go to school, I will be ver
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Κουτάλιν = spoon Κουτα
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He hoped that you dropped the plate
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2. If the verb’s last consonant c
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Chapter 28: The Passive: Aorist -
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μνύουμαι -> εμνύθηκ
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Chapter 29: Basic Phrases & Vocabul
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ικον Δομικανή Δημο
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Ολλαντία Netherlands Ολλ
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Chapter 30: The Passive: Imperfect
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θαρκούμαι -> εθαρκο
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Chapter 31: The Passive: Present an
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φταίουμαι -> φταιχτ
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Chapter 33: The Passive: Aorist, Im
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verbs. This applies to all the verb
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Chapter 34: Basic Phrases & Vocabul
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ο κρίνος = the lilly το γ
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Chapter 35: Verbs - Compound Tenses
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Chapter 36: Verbs - Compound Tenses
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You would cook the food until the g
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37.1 Conjuctions Chapter 37: Conjuc
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Τότες έν είσ’εν τε
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37.24 Άντζ’ακκις...ού
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Chapter 38: Verbs - The Imperative
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ΕΝΝΙΚΟΣ________ ΠΛΥΧΗΝ
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Βράσε____εσούνι___Βρά
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38.3.4 3rd Category - Impersonal Ve
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Άντρας/Σύζυγος = Husba
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Page 145 and 146:
Δροσυνίψου_______εσού
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Ας σαίν___τούτη____Ας
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Ας_καταχτώ___εγιώνι_
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Chapter 42: Prepositions (2) - Πρ
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As a directional preposition it tak
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Έσ’ει καμπόσους πο
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42.38 Παραπάνω (που) = M
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Πόφοα = Fearlessly Προλά
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Chapter 44: The Gerund, the Past Pa
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Λαλώ -> ειπωμένος τρ
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IX. Verbs in -ίσκω only have Re
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46.1 Compound Words Chapter 46: Com
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Πρόεδρος -> προεδρι
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Recommendations In this last sectio
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Chapter/Τζ’εφάλαιον Pro
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--9.2.1Γ Ήνταμπου = what -
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20.15 Δίχα, δίχας, δίχ
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--II. -ννουμαι --ΙΙΙ. -θ
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--VI. -ίσκουμαι --VII -άσ
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ΥΣΤΕΡΚΟΝ - END 185
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CYPRIOT GRAMMAR

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