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2007 NSS Convention Guidebook the entire cave region. The second continental ice sheet, the Kansan, extended into Indiana and covered about five-sixths of the state, but it flowed around the southern two-thirds of the cave region. The exact extent of the Kansan ice sheet is uncertain because it was covered by the following (Illinoian) glacier. The Kansan ice sheet blocked the passage of many streams and rivers in its path, especially those streams that are now in the head waters of the present day Ohio but that once flowed to the north. These blocked streams flowed along the front of the ice sheet, in a westerly direction, to the headwaters of the ancient Ohio, and thence out to the Gulf of Mexico. The streams, surging with sediment-laden melt waters from the ice sheet, rapidly downcut the Ohio River bedrock channel. By the time the Wisconsinan ice sheet ablated, the Ohio River had extended its headwaters to their present position. During the Illinoian glaciation, the process was repeated. The Ohio channel was widened in some places and perhaps deepened in a few areas, but in general the sediment-laden melt waters from the ice sheet tended to fill the Ohio Valley. This fill generally lies below the present valley fill. The Illinoian ice sheet overrode the Knobstone Escarpment and the Norman Upland in northeastern Washington County. Travel to Stop 4 We will continue east on scenic State Road 62 along the north side of the Blue River passing though the Harrison Crawford State Forest, portions of which were recently named O’Bannon Woods State Park (named after the late beloved Governor Frank O’Bannon, a Harrison County native, cave owner, and an active conservationist). We will travel about 13 miles from Wyandotte through historic Corydon and past the first capital of Indiana, and then another 5 miles north on State Road 135, crossing Interstate 64 to the Corydon Crushed Stone Company Quarry located on Quarry Road. See Figures 20 & 21 for 116 Melt waters from the glacier temporarily flowed into Blue River, possibly scouring and deepening the bedrock channel. Glacially derived sediments have been reported preserved as terraces within the headwater streams of Blue River; these sediments have not been detected, however, south of Washington County. The Wisconsin, the 4th and last major glaciation, did not extend into the southern third of Indiana as did the Kansan and Illinoian ice sheets. But melt waters from the ice sheet did reach many of the major streams, such as the Ohio River. The sediments deposited within the Ohio Valley overlie those of earlier glaciations. Blue River was a ponded stream during the period of time while the Ohio River received the Wisconsinan meltwater. As a result, some sediments, those of earlier glaciations, from the upper Ohio River were deposited at the mouth of Blue River. Blue River was a ponded stream during the period of time while the Ohio River received the Wisconsinan meltwater (generally at an elevation of 435 feet). Stream sediments borne by the upper part of Blue River settled out in the lake-like lower Blue River valley. These lacustrine (lake deposited) sediments are present today as terraces or remnants of the former lake bottom from the mouth of Blue River to the vicinity of Harrison Spring (these deposits at Harrison Spring are at an elevation of about 450 feet). topographic maps of the area. After leaving Wyandotte, we will continue to pass through the heart of the Blue River karst in more of the most heavily dissected portions of Indiana, then pass into the Harrison Spring area which is Indiana’s largest spring located just north of Interstate 64 on Harrison Springs Road in a corn field. We will also see Scout Mountain and Greenbriar Knob, and pass by State Road 462, off of which is the old caver barn reconstructed by the O’Bannon family into a rustic retreat. The highway in this area is built on Wisconsinan-age lake sediments derived from late glacial back flooding of the Blue River
Geology Field Trip Figure 21. Travel route eastward from Wyandotte Cave through the deeply dissected Blue River valley. Note Harrison Spring north of the Interstate, and other features such as Scout Mountain and White Cloud.. 117
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Back Underground in Indiana A Guide
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Contents Welcome from the NSS Presi
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Welcome from the NSS President Welc
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Welcome from the Governor of Indian
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Color Photography Section We are mu
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Section I: The Harrison Crawford Ar
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The Convention Planning staff is pl
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The Harrison County Visitors’ Cen
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per day, which includes the right t
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A Short History of Early Crawford C
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Section II: Exploration 1
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Deep below the hills of Crawford Co
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Gypsum flowers and crusts. Beyond S
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top of Fools Dome began to take onl
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The Discovery and Exploration of th
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previous surface survey of the gulf
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The Survey Begins On Saturday, Janu
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through January as well as every we
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and another team went into the seco
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were surprised to learn that a tigh
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Other Exploration in the Lost River
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flood tube really played on our min
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efore splitting and ending in break
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Two Bit Pit Harrison County, Indian
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Two Bit Pit c l i m b - d o w n i s
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Two Bit Pit 4
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downstream passage is generally 6 t
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Trip #16 August 12, 1990 Greg McNam
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ing into established survey at the
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An Exploratory Trip to Gory Hole: J
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the right side. It was necessary to
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The Exploration of Harrison Spring
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guide line was no longer in the ent
Page 69 and 70: first that day and had already gone
Page 71 and 72: along his dive buddy, Ralph, for hi
Page 73 and 74: visibility out was normal, about 3
Page 75 and 76: Section III: Geology and Cave Scien
Page 77 and 78: Regional and Karst Geology of the O
Page 79 and 80: plains, swallowholes, storm water r
Page 81 and 82: Regional Physiography and Stratigra
Page 83 and 84: closely this apparent relationship
Page 85 and 86: Regional Physiography and Stratigra
Page 87 and 88: Figure 6. Geologic map of south-cen
Page 89 and 90: margin of the Mitchell Plain, chara
Page 91 and 92: cavern development. Somewhat more t
Page 93 and 94: Geomorphic History of the Mitchell
Page 95 and 96: idge summits in the Crawford Upland
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Page 99 and 100: Stratigraphy and Lithology of the O
Page 101 and 102: upward sequence. [This model shows
Page 103 and 104: County (Gray, Jenkins, and Weidman,
Page 105 and 106: He then casually and without explan
Page 107 and 108: outcrop is an overlooked and deserv
Page 109 and 110: Geology Field Trip Figure 13. Stop
Page 111 and 112: This five-stage model may have impl
Page 113 and 114: Figure 16. The Tower Quarry highwal
Page 115 and 116: River. Note that the valley is fill
Page 117 and 118: Smith and Tim Grisson of Ohio Caver
Page 119: of the Mitchell Plain were dissolve
Page 123 and 124: Geology Field Trip Figure 22. Harri
Page 125 and 126: The Battle of Corydon, Indiana’s
Page 127 and 128: of rocks above the Ste. Genevieve i
Page 129 and 130: New Albany Shale Gas Wells: A natur
Page 131 and 132: Geology Field Trip Figure 29. Inter
Page 133 and 134: Preglacial Regional Drainage and Gl
Page 135 and 136: Stop 5: The Falls of the Ohio vicin
Page 137 and 138: Figure 35. Historic map of the Fall
Page 139 and 140: After experiencing a boat trip down
Page 141 and 142: Geology Field Trip Figure 36. Geolo
Page 143 and 144: that time. Locally, they are rarely
Page 145 and 146: Geology Field Trip Figure 38. U.S.
Page 147 and 148: depth of 12 feet. This became known
Page 149 and 150: Lost River Field Trip Figure 40. Ma
Page 151 and 152: Lost River Field Trip Figure 42 Phy
Page 153 and 154: Lost River Field Trip Figure 44. Co
Page 155 and 156: to Lick Creek to the southeast as p
Page 157 and 158: Lost River Field Trip Figure 46. To
Page 159 and 160: Figure 48A though D. Clyde Malott
Page 161 and 162: State Road 37 Corridor to Wesley Ch
Page 163 and 164: then proceed down hill to the north
Page 165 and 166: and is located 0.5 miles north. The
Page 167 and 168: Figure 54. A view of the rise pool
Page 169 and 170: Lost River Field Trip Figure 56. Ge
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Travel from Wesley Chapel Gulf to O
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miles (Bassett, 1976 and 2000) to t
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Crawford Upland morphology, and the
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historians and eyewitness accounts.
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Ash, Donald W., 1985: Geomorphology
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pany the geological map of the stat
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Mammoth Cave Region, Kentucky, and
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Little brown bat. The endangered In
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under flat stones or sticks. Its we
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Lewis, Julian J.; R. Burns; and S.L
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cave passages ranging in altitude f
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The Geology of Wyandotte Cave Monum
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The Geology of Wyandotte Cave Hall
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Cave fine-grained sediments were pr
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Projected Passage Profiles for the
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The History and Status of Karst Ver
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Karst Vertebrate Paleobiology in In
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Karst Vertebrate Paleobiology in In
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Leidy’s peccary (Platygonus vetus
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Figure 8. Skull of the dire wolf, C
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Figure 11. The Bat Room of Megenity
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Mammalian Faunas during the Last De
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cene Paleoecology and Archaeology o
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Harrison was by far the largest spr
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drainage is north to Blue River. Th
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It may also be noted that Harrison
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Section IV: Indiana’s Cave Organi
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The Indiana Karst Conservancy, Inc.
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esource in cave and karst conservat
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Indiana Karst Conservancy daylight
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Indiana Karst Conservancy Heading f
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property. Meanwhile, Randy Jackson
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Number of Caves 1,000 Feet or Longe
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27. Warren 74 28. Miami 63 29. Foun
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Section V: History 235
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Lewis D. Lamon: Indiana’s Grand O
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will find a way in. Lewie’s softs
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George Jackson getting a drink at C
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Falls at the age of six, it was par
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weekends. Sometimes I would bring a
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Caves, Cave Rescue, and the Nationa
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lost or overdues or minor injuries:
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modular NCRC trainings have occurre
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A History of Indiana Caving We do k
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22 miles long. The addition of the
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Pace, Fort, Reeves, Sollman, Powell
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He formed a short-lived partnership
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manufactured history of Wyandotte C
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Section VI: Conservation 263
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The Richard Blenz Nature Conservanc
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The Richard Blenz Nature Conservanc
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pipe. Several dig trips subsequentl
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Lasiurus cinereus (horary bat), fem
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Myotis septentrionalis (northern my
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Cavers have already contributed lar
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ugs. • Pick up litter (use good j
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Section VII: Miscellaneous 27
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Bluespring Caverns “Myst’ry Riv
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Marengo Cave, located on the edge o
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of the cave, the scout program was
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avid spelunkers and loved the cave.
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Indiana Show Caves hire Richard L.
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Section VIII: Cave Descriptions 2 1
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Cave Maps and Descriptions The foll
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een made but a voice connection sho
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intersection. The left-hand passage
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enters from a too-low passage but a
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This pit is located on a heavily wo
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Main Passage in Erics River Cave. P
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drive road. There is a pull off on
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in 50 feet. This cave has pits and
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crawling, and very little belly cra
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Not to be confused with Harrison Co
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The Old Town Spring Entrance to Mar
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placed about 150 feet inside the en
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decorated grotto. In the south end
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Robinson Ladder Cave is an Indiana
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dates. Also, except for the entranc
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Saltpeter Cave Crawford County Cave
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This cave is located along the base
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of Texas Creek and is about half a
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water is from B-B Hole, a nearby ri
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Harrison County Caves 1915 Cave was
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meandering, narrow canyon. This pas
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was rigged in 1979 by Tom Fritsch a
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Jamie Winner at Big Mouth Spring Ca
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drop. At the bottom of this drop is
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Dave Stahl at the top of the first
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Nick Smith has arranged access to t
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he returned to remove this ledge, s
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on the left side of the main passag
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degree angle. At the bottom of the
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Ryan Moran climbing Gary Pit. Photo
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This cave is presently the main cav
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You can get to the pit in two diffe
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Willie Hunt at the entrance to Jays
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T he entrance to King Leo Cave is a
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The 40-foot-tall canyon. Photo by E
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way, flowstone and some gypsum flak
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Manhole Cave, Corydon West 7.5-minu
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CIG Cave Capers Guidebook: 1984, 19
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the 56-foot drop known as The Cathe
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Sharon McConnell in Rocky Hollow Ho
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Seitz Pit, also known as Fuzzys Pit
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Harrison County Caves 375
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with the sandy crawlways and contai
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it opens into Tourist Avenue. The l
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and connects back to the main strea
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to a small room with moss-covered f
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The Donaldson Cave entrance in 1938
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Dave Stahl in the lower level of Bu
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Dave Everton beginning the rappel i
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the owner, is quite friendly to res
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Roberts Cave was opened in 2001 by
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Mike Kennedy at the South Y in Sull
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Lawrence County Caves Sullivan Cave
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with breakdown. One passage to the
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Wayne Cave is the property of the I
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The natural bridge at Camp Two. Pho
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Dillon Cave is located in the Hoosi
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Lost River Cave should be considere
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Janie Atz preparing to cross the li
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Tom Duselis looking at cannonballs
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Owen County Caves 413
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Washington County Caves Cave River
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and continues as such to the Flowst
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een known as the Wet Clifty Cave an
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water depth, this passage eventuall
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After entering the gate at Henderso
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head of a dry ravine. The first 300
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at the Trinkle Cavern Entrance. Alt
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Section IX: Color Photography 42
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Bill Baus in the Formation Room in
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A cannonball in the Boone-Cannonbal
Page 439 and 440:
John Harris in Binkleys Cave’s He
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Aaron Atz in CHUG Hall in Teds Dig.
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Cavers in the Wayne Cave crawlway.
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Willie Hunt in Jewel Box Cave. Phot
Page 447 and 448:
Nate Newkirk in Lower Wild Turkey C
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Nate Newkirk in Redmond Cave. Photo
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A Abram, Jerry 400 Abram, Marie 400
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Cooper, James Fenimore 260 Cope, E.
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Elliot Stahl with the warning sign
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Hodges, Frank 393 Holiday World The
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McGowan, Dave 256 McGrain, Preston
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P.B.R. Plunge 369 Packard’s groun
Page 463 and 464:
Spaulding, Greg 254, 255, 365 spide
Page 465 and 466:
Dave Stahl ascending Fuzzy Hole. Ph
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