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2007 NSS Convention Guidebook the drawing for some other segment. Accurate horizontal distances can not be taken from the profiles owing to the artistic displacement (shiftiness) and projected profile shortening. Accurate determinations of passage gradients from the diagram are thus not possible. The profiles are regarded as preliminary because additional passages may be added in 1 6 future versions to further clarify cavern level relationships. Many other passage profiles are possible. This diagram should, however, give a general concept of the various cavern passage levels present in the system caves. The profiles described here can be found on the Wayndotte Cave map in the map folder. George Jackson and Bob Braybender climbing in Wyandotte Cave north of the Mountain Room. From the John Benton photo collection.
The History and Status of <strong>Karst</strong> Vertebrate Paleobiology in Indiana By Ronald L. Richards, Indiana State Museum, Department of Natural Resources, NSS 8326 Abstract The number of extinct and extralimital taxa are disproportionately high when Indiana karst faunas are compared with those of open air sites, and the karst deposits can be much older. Cave faunas are largely composed of extinct, extralimital, and resident taxa, a reflection of equable late Pleistocene climates. Thirteen extinct and 18 extralimital taxa have been recorded from Indiana caves. The history of Indiana karst vertebrate paleontology is examined, with three notable faunas emerging: Pipe Creek Sinkhole, Harrodsburg Crevice, and Megenity Peccary Cave. Field methodology and the age of the Harrodsburg Crevice fauna are commented upon. Introduction The caves of Indiana’s south-central and southeastern karst preserve a unique and diverse concentration of primarily terrestrial vertebrate fossils that are not preserved in Indiana’s other major depositional environments. While the other major depositional regimes in Indiana, the bog and lake deposits, as well as glacial sluiceway deposits, often produce large, now-extinct megavertebrate remains such as those of mastodont, mammoth, giant beaver, and muskox, the associated remains usually reflect the accumulation of aquatic and semiaquatic vertebrates. Indiana cave faunas, in contrast, have a predominance of terrestrial vertebrates, many of which are extinct and many of which no longer occur in the area today (are extralimital). The numerous modes of cave faunal accumulation, including pit entrapment, habitation mortality, den refuse, scat and stomach contents, wash-in, owl pellet debris, and woodrat-caching, enhance the diversity and abundance of remains, especially of herptiles (reptiles and amphibians), and such mammals as insectivores, carnivores, and rodents that are incorporated within the cave sediments. Late Pleistocene faunas are composed of mixtures of modern “resident” species that still live in the area today, species that no longer occur in the area (extralimital species), and species that are now extinct, forming unique communities with no modern analogues (Graham and Mead, 1987). Both the resident and the extralimital species have environmental tolerances that are observable today, unlike extinct species for which habitat preferences and environmental tolerances are unknown. Some of the most important taxa (that is, species and subspecies) for tracking environmental changes are extralimital taxa that have exhibited dynamic changes of distribution, including the shrews and microtine mice in particular (Graham, 1976; Semken, 1988). Some 15 species of extinct and 9 species of extralimital taxa are known from aboveground localities throughout most of the 92 Indiana counties (Hay, 1912, 1923; Lyon, 1936; Richards, 1984). Yet 13 extinct and 18 extralimital species have been recovered from just 32 counties where some form of a cave has been reported. Extinct taxa recovered from open sites that have not yet been recovered from Indiana karst deposits include the Jefferson’s ground sloth (Megalonyx jeffersonii), giant beaver (Castoroides ohioensis), giant short-faced bear (Arctodus simus), stag moose (Cervalces scotti), Jefferson’s mammoth (Mammuthus jeffersonii), woolly mammoth (M. primigenius), and the ancient bison (Bison bison antiquus). Blanding’s turtle 1 7
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Back Underground in Indiana A Guide
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Contents Welcome from the NSS Presi
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Welcome from the NSS President Welc
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Welcome from the Governor of Indian
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Color Photography Section We are mu
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Section I: The Harrison Crawford Ar
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The Convention Planning staff is pl
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The Harrison County Visitors’ Cen
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per day, which includes the right t
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A Short History of Early Crawford C
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Section II: Exploration 1
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Deep below the hills of Crawford Co
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Gypsum flowers and crusts. Beyond S
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top of Fools Dome began to take onl
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The Discovery and Exploration of th
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previous surface survey of the gulf
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The Survey Begins On Saturday, Janu
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through January as well as every we
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and another team went into the seco
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were surprised to learn that a tigh
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Other Exploration in the Lost River
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flood tube really played on our min
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efore splitting and ending in break
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Two Bit Pit Harrison County, Indian
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Two Bit Pit c l i m b - d o w n i s
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Two Bit Pit 4
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downstream passage is generally 6 t
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Trip #16 August 12, 1990 Greg McNam
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ing into established survey at the
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An Exploratory Trip to Gory Hole: J
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the right side. It was necessary to
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The Exploration of Harrison Spring
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guide line was no longer in the ent
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first that day and had already gone
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along his dive buddy, Ralph, for hi
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visibility out was normal, about 3
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Section III: Geology and Cave Scien
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Regional and Karst Geology of the O
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plains, swallowholes, storm water r
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Regional Physiography and Stratigra
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closely this apparent relationship
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Regional Physiography and Stratigra
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Figure 6. Geologic map of south-cen
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margin of the Mitchell Plain, chara
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cavern development. Somewhat more t
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Geomorphic History of the Mitchell
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idge summits in the Crawford Upland
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to produce such continuous surfaces
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Stratigraphy and Lithology of the O
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upward sequence. [This model shows
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County (Gray, Jenkins, and Weidman,
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He then casually and without explan
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outcrop is an overlooked and deserv
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Geology Field Trip Figure 13. Stop
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This five-stage model may have impl
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Figure 16. The Tower Quarry highwal
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River. Note that the valley is fill
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Smith and Tim Grisson of Ohio Caver
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of the Mitchell Plain were dissolve
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Geology Field Trip Figure 21. Trave
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Geology Field Trip Figure 22. Harri
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The Battle of Corydon, Indiana’s
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of rocks above the Ste. Genevieve i
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New Albany Shale Gas Wells: A natur
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Geology Field Trip Figure 29. Inter
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Preglacial Regional Drainage and Gl
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Stop 5: The Falls of the Ohio vicin
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Figure 35. Historic map of the Fall
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After experiencing a boat trip down
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Geology Field Trip Figure 36. Geolo
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that time. Locally, they are rarely
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Geology Field Trip Figure 38. U.S.
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depth of 12 feet. This became known
Page 149 and 150: Lost River Field Trip Figure 40. Ma
Page 151 and 152: Lost River Field Trip Figure 42 Phy
Page 153 and 154: Lost River Field Trip Figure 44. Co
Page 155 and 156: to Lick Creek to the southeast as p
Page 157 and 158: Lost River Field Trip Figure 46. To
Page 159 and 160: Figure 48A though D. Clyde Malott
Page 161 and 162: State Road 37 Corridor to Wesley Ch
Page 163 and 164: then proceed down hill to the north
Page 165 and 166: and is located 0.5 miles north. The
Page 167 and 168: Figure 54. A view of the rise pool
Page 169 and 170: Lost River Field Trip Figure 56. Ge
Page 171 and 172: Travel from Wesley Chapel Gulf to O
Page 173 and 174: miles (Bassett, 1976 and 2000) to t
Page 175 and 176: Crawford Upland morphology, and the
Page 177 and 178: historians and eyewitness accounts.
Page 179 and 180: Ash, Donald W., 1985: Geomorphology
Page 181 and 182: pany the geological map of the stat
Page 183 and 184: Mammoth Cave Region, Kentucky, and
Page 185 and 186: Little brown bat. The endangered In
Page 187 and 188: under flat stones or sticks. Its we
Page 189 and 190: Lewis, Julian J.; R. Burns; and S.L
Page 191 and 192: cave passages ranging in altitude f
Page 193 and 194: The Geology of Wyandotte Cave Monum
Page 195 and 196: The Geology of Wyandotte Cave Hall
Page 197 and 198: Cave fine-grained sediments were pr
Page 199: Projected Passage Profiles for the
Page 203 and 204: Karst Vertebrate Paleobiology in In
Page 205 and 206: Karst Vertebrate Paleobiology in In
Page 207 and 208: Leidy’s peccary (Platygonus vetus
Page 209 and 210: Figure 8. Skull of the dire wolf, C
Page 211 and 212: Figure 11. The Bat Room of Megenity
Page 213 and 214: Mammalian Faunas during the Last De
Page 215 and 216: cene Paleoecology and Archaeology o
Page 217 and 218: Harrison was by far the largest spr
Page 219 and 220: drainage is north to Blue River. Th
Page 221 and 222: It may also be noted that Harrison
Page 223 and 224: Section IV: Indiana’s Cave Organi
Page 225 and 226: The Indiana Karst Conservancy, Inc.
Page 227 and 228: esource in cave and karst conservat
Page 229 and 230: Indiana Karst Conservancy daylight
Page 231 and 232: Indiana Karst Conservancy Heading f
Page 233 and 234: property. Meanwhile, Randy Jackson
Page 235 and 236: Number of Caves 1,000 Feet or Longe
Page 237 and 238: 27. Warren 74 28. Miami 63 29. Foun
Page 239 and 240: Section V: History 235
Page 241 and 242: Lewis D. Lamon: Indiana’s Grand O
Page 243 and 244: will find a way in. Lewie’s softs
Page 245 and 246: George Jackson getting a drink at C
Page 247 and 248: Falls at the age of six, it was par
Page 249 and 250: weekends. Sometimes I would bring a
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Caves, Cave Rescue, and the Nationa
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lost or overdues or minor injuries:
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modular NCRC trainings have occurre
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A History of Indiana Caving We do k
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22 miles long. The addition of the
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Pace, Fort, Reeves, Sollman, Powell
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He formed a short-lived partnership
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manufactured history of Wyandotte C
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Section VI: Conservation 263
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The Richard Blenz Nature Conservanc
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The Richard Blenz Nature Conservanc
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pipe. Several dig trips subsequentl
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Lasiurus cinereus (horary bat), fem
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Myotis septentrionalis (northern my
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Cavers have already contributed lar
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ugs. • Pick up litter (use good j
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Section VII: Miscellaneous 27
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Bluespring Caverns “Myst’ry Riv
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Marengo Cave, located on the edge o
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of the cave, the scout program was
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avid spelunkers and loved the cave.
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Indiana Show Caves hire Richard L.
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Section VIII: Cave Descriptions 2 1
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Cave Maps and Descriptions The foll
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een made but a voice connection sho
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intersection. The left-hand passage
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enters from a too-low passage but a
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This pit is located on a heavily wo
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Main Passage in Erics River Cave. P
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drive road. There is a pull off on
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in 50 feet. This cave has pits and
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crawling, and very little belly cra
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Not to be confused with Harrison Co
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The Old Town Spring Entrance to Mar
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placed about 150 feet inside the en
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decorated grotto. In the south end
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Robinson Ladder Cave is an Indiana
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dates. Also, except for the entranc
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Saltpeter Cave Crawford County Cave
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This cave is located along the base
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of Texas Creek and is about half a
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water is from B-B Hole, a nearby ri
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Harrison County Caves 1915 Cave was
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meandering, narrow canyon. This pas
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was rigged in 1979 by Tom Fritsch a
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Jamie Winner at Big Mouth Spring Ca
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drop. At the bottom of this drop is
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Dave Stahl at the top of the first
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Nick Smith has arranged access to t
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he returned to remove this ledge, s
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on the left side of the main passag
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degree angle. At the bottom of the
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Ryan Moran climbing Gary Pit. Photo
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This cave is presently the main cav
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You can get to the pit in two diffe
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Willie Hunt at the entrance to Jays
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T he entrance to King Leo Cave is a
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The 40-foot-tall canyon. Photo by E
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way, flowstone and some gypsum flak
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Manhole Cave, Corydon West 7.5-minu
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CIG Cave Capers Guidebook: 1984, 19
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the 56-foot drop known as The Cathe
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Sharon McConnell in Rocky Hollow Ho
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Seitz Pit, also known as Fuzzys Pit
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Harrison County Caves 375
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with the sandy crawlways and contai
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it opens into Tourist Avenue. The l
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and connects back to the main strea
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to a small room with moss-covered f
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The Donaldson Cave entrance in 1938
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Dave Stahl in the lower level of Bu
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Dave Everton beginning the rappel i
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the owner, is quite friendly to res
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Roberts Cave was opened in 2001 by
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Mike Kennedy at the South Y in Sull
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Lawrence County Caves Sullivan Cave
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with breakdown. One passage to the
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Wayne Cave is the property of the I
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The natural bridge at Camp Two. Pho
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Dillon Cave is located in the Hoosi
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Lost River Cave should be considere
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Janie Atz preparing to cross the li
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Tom Duselis looking at cannonballs
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Owen County Caves 413
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Washington County Caves Cave River
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and continues as such to the Flowst
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een known as the Wet Clifty Cave an
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water depth, this passage eventuall
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After entering the gate at Henderso
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head of a dry ravine. The first 300
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at the Trinkle Cavern Entrance. Alt
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Section IX: Color Photography 42
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Bill Baus in the Formation Room in
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A cannonball in the Boone-Cannonbal
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John Harris in Binkleys Cave’s He
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Aaron Atz in CHUG Hall in Teds Dig.
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Cavers in the Wayne Cave crawlway.
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Willie Hunt in Jewel Box Cave. Phot
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Nate Newkirk in Lower Wild Turkey C
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Nate Newkirk in Redmond Cave. Photo
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A Abram, Jerry 400 Abram, Marie 400
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Cooper, James Fenimore 260 Cope, E.
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Elliot Stahl with the warning sign
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Hodges, Frank 393 Holiday World The
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McGowan, Dave 256 McGrain, Preston
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P.B.R. Plunge 369 Packard’s groun
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Spaulding, Greg 254, 255, 365 spide
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Dave Stahl ascending Fuzzy Hole. Ph
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