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2007 NSS Convention Guidebook valley and remnants of the Blue River Strath, perhaps best seen to the south across the river. Just after coming very close to the south side of Interstate 64, we will begin to make a geological and topographic transition from the dissected Crawford Upland and into the western-most Mitchell Plain, and also descend into the incised Indian Creek valley into Corydon. Off to the south is both Indian Creek and the Pilot Knob of Harrison County, 118 an upland outlier whose summit is 180 feet above the Mitchell Plain. See Figure 24. Corydon was the first capital of Indiana and the original limestone capital building is in downtown Corydon on the Court House Square. The Civil War Battle of Corydon was fought nearby. There is a wide range of shopping available in Corydon’s downtown and the State Road 135 strip. Notes on Harrison Spring and the Sinks of Indian Creek Harrison Spring is Indiana’s largest spring with average discharge of 100 cubic feet per second (cfs), with a flood discharge estimated at over 900 cfs. It is located in an abandoned meander on Blue River in a non-descript cornfield just north of Interstate 64. There are remnants of the Blue River Strath to the west and south of the spring along the valley. Dye tracing and other investigation have demonstrated that the spring has a surprisingly large surface capture area with a somewhat unique shape as shown in Figure 22. The drainage basin covers at least 68 square miles, as well as 200 square miles above the sinks of Indian Creek which drains a large area of the eastern Mitchell Plain and the Norman Upland. The location of the spring is conjectured to be structurally controlled, perhaps being the intersection of two joints or fractures. The Sinks of Indian Creek are located 4 miles to the southeast of the Spring and depending upon flow, the entire summer/fall discharge of over 200 square miles of drainage basin can disappear into the sink, and can reappear at Harrison Spring in as little as one hour (Unterreiner, 2006), Water from numerous other cave systems and sinking streams finds its way to the Spring, often times in complex high water events. The spring appears to have formed after the establishment of the Blue River Strath, perhaps during the late Tertiary or early Pleistocene. Powell (1963) considered it to be a so-called alluviated spring with the flow welling up and through alluvial sediments related to late By Kevin Strunk Pleistocene back flooding of the Ohio River. Later cave diving has shown that it is in fact an artesian rise pit entirely in limestone. The spring basin is approximately 80 x 100 feet and about 45 feet deep. The water comes out of a 15-foot slot, making the spring at least 60 feet deep. The sewage treatment plant for Corydon discharges into Indian Creek, so much of the flow of Harrison Spring is in fact treated effluent with a high E. Coli load (Silcox, et al, USGS, 2001). A 2007–08 plant expansion is currently under review. Harrison Spring has long been a historical site. American Indians utilized the spring area heavily as evidenced by the many artifacts found there, many made from native Wyandotte Chert. The Spring (and the county) is named after President William Henry Harrison who owned the Spring in the early 1800s when he was Governor of the Indiana Territory. Harrison operated a whiskey distillery on the property and this became a presidential campaign issue. Thirsty voters elected him anyway. Harrison is perhaps most famous for defeating a multi-tribe Indian army led by The Prophet at the seminal 1815 Battle of Tippecanoe in northern Indiana which led to the defeat the of British in the War of 1812, as well as the 1840 Harrison presidential campaign slogan of “Tippecanoe and Tyler too!” Harrison died weeks after being inaugurated from the effects of foolishly giving a multi-hour speech during bitter winter weather. See “Karst Hydrology of the Harrison Springs Area,” page 212, for more information.
Geology Field Trip Figure 22. Harrison Spring geology from Gray and Powell ,1965, and drainage basin modified from Ehrenzeller, 1978. 119
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Back Underground in Indiana A Guide
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Contents Welcome from the NSS Presi
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Welcome from the NSS President Welc
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Welcome from the Governor of Indian
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Color Photography Section We are mu
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Section I: The Harrison Crawford Ar
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The Convention Planning staff is pl
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The Harrison County Visitors’ Cen
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per day, which includes the right t
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A Short History of Early Crawford C
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Section II: Exploration 1
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Deep below the hills of Crawford Co
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Gypsum flowers and crusts. Beyond S
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top of Fools Dome began to take onl
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The Discovery and Exploration of th
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previous surface survey of the gulf
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The Survey Begins On Saturday, Janu
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through January as well as every we
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and another team went into the seco
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were surprised to learn that a tigh
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Other Exploration in the Lost River
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flood tube really played on our min
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efore splitting and ending in break
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Two Bit Pit Harrison County, Indian
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Two Bit Pit c l i m b - d o w n i s
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Two Bit Pit 4
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downstream passage is generally 6 t
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Trip #16 August 12, 1990 Greg McNam
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ing into established survey at the
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An Exploratory Trip to Gory Hole: J
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the right side. It was necessary to
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The Exploration of Harrison Spring
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guide line was no longer in the ent
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first that day and had already gone
Page 71 and 72: along his dive buddy, Ralph, for hi
Page 73 and 74: visibility out was normal, about 3
Page 75 and 76: Section III: Geology and Cave Scien
Page 77 and 78: Regional and Karst Geology of the O
Page 79 and 80: plains, swallowholes, storm water r
Page 81 and 82: Regional Physiography and Stratigra
Page 83 and 84: closely this apparent relationship
Page 85 and 86: Regional Physiography and Stratigra
Page 87 and 88: Figure 6. Geologic map of south-cen
Page 89 and 90: margin of the Mitchell Plain, chara
Page 91 and 92: cavern development. Somewhat more t
Page 93 and 94: Geomorphic History of the Mitchell
Page 95 and 96: idge summits in the Crawford Upland
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Page 99 and 100: Stratigraphy and Lithology of the O
Page 101 and 102: upward sequence. [This model shows
Page 103 and 104: County (Gray, Jenkins, and Weidman,
Page 105 and 106: He then casually and without explan
Page 107 and 108: outcrop is an overlooked and deserv
Page 109 and 110: Geology Field Trip Figure 13. Stop
Page 111 and 112: This five-stage model may have impl
Page 113 and 114: Figure 16. The Tower Quarry highwal
Page 115 and 116: River. Note that the valley is fill
Page 117 and 118: Smith and Tim Grisson of Ohio Caver
Page 119 and 120: of the Mitchell Plain were dissolve
Page 121: Geology Field Trip Figure 21. Trave
Page 125 and 126: The Battle of Corydon, Indiana’s
Page 127 and 128: of rocks above the Ste. Genevieve i
Page 129 and 130: New Albany Shale Gas Wells: A natur
Page 131 and 132: Geology Field Trip Figure 29. Inter
Page 133 and 134: Preglacial Regional Drainage and Gl
Page 135 and 136: Stop 5: The Falls of the Ohio vicin
Page 137 and 138: Figure 35. Historic map of the Fall
Page 139 and 140: After experiencing a boat trip down
Page 141 and 142: Geology Field Trip Figure 36. Geolo
Page 143 and 144: that time. Locally, they are rarely
Page 145 and 146: Geology Field Trip Figure 38. U.S.
Page 147 and 148: depth of 12 feet. This became known
Page 149 and 150: Lost River Field Trip Figure 40. Ma
Page 151 and 152: Lost River Field Trip Figure 42 Phy
Page 153 and 154: Lost River Field Trip Figure 44. Co
Page 155 and 156: to Lick Creek to the southeast as p
Page 157 and 158: Lost River Field Trip Figure 46. To
Page 159 and 160: Figure 48A though D. Clyde Malott
Page 161 and 162: State Road 37 Corridor to Wesley Ch
Page 163 and 164: then proceed down hill to the north
Page 165 and 166: and is located 0.5 miles north. The
Page 167 and 168: Figure 54. A view of the rise pool
Page 169 and 170: Lost River Field Trip Figure 56. Ge
Page 171 and 172: Travel from Wesley Chapel Gulf to O
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miles (Bassett, 1976 and 2000) to t
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Crawford Upland morphology, and the
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historians and eyewitness accounts.
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Ash, Donald W., 1985: Geomorphology
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pany the geological map of the stat
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Mammoth Cave Region, Kentucky, and
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Little brown bat. The endangered In
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under flat stones or sticks. Its we
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Lewis, Julian J.; R. Burns; and S.L
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cave passages ranging in altitude f
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The Geology of Wyandotte Cave Monum
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The Geology of Wyandotte Cave Hall
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Cave fine-grained sediments were pr
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Projected Passage Profiles for the
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The History and Status of Karst Ver
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Karst Vertebrate Paleobiology in In
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Karst Vertebrate Paleobiology in In
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Leidy’s peccary (Platygonus vetus
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Figure 8. Skull of the dire wolf, C
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Figure 11. The Bat Room of Megenity
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Mammalian Faunas during the Last De
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cene Paleoecology and Archaeology o
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Harrison was by far the largest spr
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drainage is north to Blue River. Th
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It may also be noted that Harrison
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Section IV: Indiana’s Cave Organi
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The Indiana Karst Conservancy, Inc.
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esource in cave and karst conservat
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Indiana Karst Conservancy daylight
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Indiana Karst Conservancy Heading f
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property. Meanwhile, Randy Jackson
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Number of Caves 1,000 Feet or Longe
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27. Warren 74 28. Miami 63 29. Foun
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Section V: History 235
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Lewis D. Lamon: Indiana’s Grand O
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will find a way in. Lewie’s softs
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George Jackson getting a drink at C
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Falls at the age of six, it was par
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weekends. Sometimes I would bring a
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Caves, Cave Rescue, and the Nationa
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lost or overdues or minor injuries:
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modular NCRC trainings have occurre
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A History of Indiana Caving We do k
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22 miles long. The addition of the
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Pace, Fort, Reeves, Sollman, Powell
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He formed a short-lived partnership
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manufactured history of Wyandotte C
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Section VI: Conservation 263
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The Richard Blenz Nature Conservanc
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The Richard Blenz Nature Conservanc
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pipe. Several dig trips subsequentl
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Lasiurus cinereus (horary bat), fem
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Myotis septentrionalis (northern my
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Cavers have already contributed lar
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ugs. • Pick up litter (use good j
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Section VII: Miscellaneous 27
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Bluespring Caverns “Myst’ry Riv
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Marengo Cave, located on the edge o
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of the cave, the scout program was
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avid spelunkers and loved the cave.
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Indiana Show Caves hire Richard L.
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Section VIII: Cave Descriptions 2 1
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Cave Maps and Descriptions The foll
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een made but a voice connection sho
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intersection. The left-hand passage
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enters from a too-low passage but a
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This pit is located on a heavily wo
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Main Passage in Erics River Cave. P
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drive road. There is a pull off on
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in 50 feet. This cave has pits and
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crawling, and very little belly cra
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Not to be confused with Harrison Co
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The Old Town Spring Entrance to Mar
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placed about 150 feet inside the en
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decorated grotto. In the south end
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Robinson Ladder Cave is an Indiana
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dates. Also, except for the entranc
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Saltpeter Cave Crawford County Cave
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This cave is located along the base
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of Texas Creek and is about half a
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water is from B-B Hole, a nearby ri
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Harrison County Caves 1915 Cave was
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meandering, narrow canyon. This pas
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was rigged in 1979 by Tom Fritsch a
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Jamie Winner at Big Mouth Spring Ca
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drop. At the bottom of this drop is
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Dave Stahl at the top of the first
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Nick Smith has arranged access to t
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he returned to remove this ledge, s
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on the left side of the main passag
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degree angle. At the bottom of the
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Ryan Moran climbing Gary Pit. Photo
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This cave is presently the main cav
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You can get to the pit in two diffe
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Willie Hunt at the entrance to Jays
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T he entrance to King Leo Cave is a
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The 40-foot-tall canyon. Photo by E
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way, flowstone and some gypsum flak
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Manhole Cave, Corydon West 7.5-minu
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CIG Cave Capers Guidebook: 1984, 19
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the 56-foot drop known as The Cathe
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Sharon McConnell in Rocky Hollow Ho
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Seitz Pit, also known as Fuzzys Pit
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Harrison County Caves 375
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with the sandy crawlways and contai
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it opens into Tourist Avenue. The l
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and connects back to the main strea
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to a small room with moss-covered f
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The Donaldson Cave entrance in 1938
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Dave Stahl in the lower level of Bu
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Dave Everton beginning the rappel i
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the owner, is quite friendly to res
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Roberts Cave was opened in 2001 by
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Mike Kennedy at the South Y in Sull
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Lawrence County Caves Sullivan Cave
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with breakdown. One passage to the
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Wayne Cave is the property of the I
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The natural bridge at Camp Two. Pho
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Dillon Cave is located in the Hoosi
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Lost River Cave should be considere
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Janie Atz preparing to cross the li
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Tom Duselis looking at cannonballs
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Owen County Caves 413
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Washington County Caves Cave River
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and continues as such to the Flowst
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een known as the Wet Clifty Cave an
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water depth, this passage eventuall
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After entering the gate at Henderso
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head of a dry ravine. The first 300
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at the Trinkle Cavern Entrance. Alt
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Section IX: Color Photography 42
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Bill Baus in the Formation Room in
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A cannonball in the Boone-Cannonbal
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John Harris in Binkleys Cave’s He
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Aaron Atz in CHUG Hall in Teds Dig.
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Cavers in the Wayne Cave crawlway.
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Willie Hunt in Jewel Box Cave. Phot
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Nate Newkirk in Lower Wild Turkey C
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Nate Newkirk in Redmond Cave. Photo
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A Abram, Jerry 400 Abram, Marie 400
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Cooper, James Fenimore 260 Cope, E.
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Elliot Stahl with the warning sign
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Hodges, Frank 393 Holiday World The
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McGowan, Dave 256 McGrain, Preston
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P.B.R. Plunge 369 Packard’s groun
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Spaulding, Greg 254, 255, 365 spide
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Dave Stahl ascending Fuzzy Hole. Ph
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