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GEOEGIA AND GEORGIANS 567
been sufficiently long, and adopted the course of conciliating the State
in order to secure their liberation. They informed the Attorney-Gen
eral of Georgia on January 8,1833, that they had instructed their counsel
to prosecute their case no further in the Supreme Court. Appreciating
the change in their attitude, Governor Lumpkin pardoned both of them,
January 10, on the same conditions offered them some months before,
and ordered their release from prison. Most of the people of Georgia
approved of the pardoning of Worcester and Butler, but the Governor's
action found many critics among the ultramontanists. The attacks upon
Mr. Lumpkin grew so strong that in view of his prospective candidacy
for a second term as Governor his friends saw fit to publish the various
documents and considerations which had led to a release of the two
missionaries."
Having asserted jurisdictional rights over the Cherokee domain, it
next devolved upon the state to make a survey of the Cherokee lands;
and this course was urged upon the Legislature by Governor Lumpkin.
Accordingly, under an act approved December 26, 1831, all the lands
lying west of the Chattahoochee and north of the Carroll County line
were divided into one great county to be known as the County of Chero
kee.*
But the next Legislature subdivided this area into ten counties, to
'wit: Cherokee, Cass, Cobb, Floyd, Forsyth, Gilmer, Lumpkin, Murray,
Paulding and Union. Cherokee memorialized the nation which was
soon to be deported to the far West; Cass was named for Gen. Lewis
Cass, of Michigan, then a greatly admired leader; Cobb was named for
the late Senator Thomas W. Cobb, of Greensboro; Floyd commemorated
the services to the state of Gen. John Floyd, of Camden; Forsyth and
Gilmer honored two distinguished governors, John Forsyth and George
E. Gilmer, the former of whom was also United States senator, minister
to Spain, and secretary of the treasury, in two presidential cabinets;
Lumpkin bespoke the state's admiration for its chief executive, then
in office, Governor Wilson Lumpkin; Murray was given the name of
a popular citizen of Lincoln County, Hon. Thomas W. Murray, for many
years speaker of the Georgia House of Eepresentatives; Paulding was
named for John Paulding, one of the captors of Major Andre; and Union
was so named to commemorate the strong national sentiment which pre
vailed among the Georgia mountaineers in the days of nullification.
These lands were still occupied by the Indians but the surveyors were
nevertheless ordered to proceed with the work of running the various
county lines. We reserve a discussion of what followed for a subsequent
chapter.
This Legislature also created the Cherokee Judicial Circuit, of which
Hon. John W. Hooper became the first judge.
Under an act approved December 18, 1833, a new county was cre
ated out of Murray and named Walker, in honor of the late Maj. Free
man Walker, of Augusta, a former United States senator.
Political sentiment in the nation was beginning to divide upon a new
issue—the tariff; and its differentiating effect upon party alignments
was strongly felt in Georgia. To encourage manufacturing enterprise
* Acts, 1831, p. 74.