Mark Coleman Wallace PhD Thesis - University of St Andrews

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123 unknown to other nations, is a reproach upon the manners and policy of this country, has a manifest tendency to corrupt the morals of servants, to obstruct the exercise of hospitality, and to destroy all social intercourse between families; the members did unanimously agree to exert themselves the utmost, in order to remove this publick nuisance. 158 Resolutions from other societies and organizations followed, including the Company of Hunters, Clerks to the Signet, Heritors of Mid-Lothian, Society of Advocates, and the Grand Lodge of Scotland on behalf of Scottish masons. Emulating the Select Society, the Grand Lodge recorded on 4 February 1760 that It having been thereafter Represented to the Grand Lodge That as an Honourable Body of Gentlemen in this Country had Entered into a determined Resolution against Giving Vails to Servants which being a pernicious practice and Detrimental to Society the Grand Lodge would Consider of the Same Whereupon the Grand Master and Grand Lodge Recommended to the Committee to make up a Scroll of a Resolution against this Practice and Report the same to the Grand Master. 159 Consequently, the following “Scroll of Advertisement” was prepared by the Grand Secretary and approved by the Grand Master, and at “his desire published in all the Edinburgh News Papers for Notification to the General Lodges”: A Quarterly Communication of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, lately held in Mary’s Chapel, having taken into their consideration, the prevailing practice of giving vails, or drink money to servants, did unanimously resolve, to do everything in their power to remove the same. The zeal of Free masons for the welfare of the publick, and their readiness to promote every laudable purpose, will easily prevail on them to endeavour to discourage this practice, as by it the virtues of many servants have been destroyed and their pride and licentiousness increased; and, besides, as it has a tendency to obstruct that kind 158 Originally printed in Scots Magazine, January 1760, 42-43; reprinted in McElroy, Scottish Clubs, 163-164. 159 Grand Lodge of Scotland Minutes, 4 February 1760.
124 hospitality and disinterested friendship which the fraternity always wish to diffuse. The Grand Lodge, reckon themselves obliged to declare to all under their jurisdiction, their dislike of any custom prejudicial to the principles of Masons, and to require the officers of every lodge in Scotland, to intimate and recommend the above resolution in the first meeting, after it comes to their hands. By command of the Right Honourable, and Most Worshipful DAVID Earl of Leven and Grand Master Mason of Scotland. Alexander McDougal, G. Secretary 160 This resolution was forwarded to all lodges, and by 1762 the practice of distributing vails was abolished. To be sure, the freemasons played their noble part in agitating for social reform and helping to moderate drinking among the servant class. It must be noted with some humour and irony, however, that the masons clearly wanted to distinguish themselves as exemplary models of temperance and fortitude, though as we have seen lodges often prided themselves on their lavish celebrations replete with fiddlers, flambeaus, and ample amounts of alcohol. It is quite possible that this apparent conflict of interests and the occasional over-indulgence in alcohol led the Grand Lodge to consider integrating sermons into their festivals. As one Scottish officer quipped, delivering sermons had “long been a practice in many considerable Towns in England, Ireland, and America…In this Country that practice has not yet been adopted, although it may perhaps be more necessary than in any of the Countries already mentioned.” 161 The academic activities and exploits of Scottish masons also made them the object of praise. The eclectic Roman Eagle Lodge, whose minutes were recorded in Latin from 1785 to 1794, attracted the attention from the respected 160 Walter Ruddiman, John Richardson and Company, Caledonian Mercury, 3 March 1760. 161 Grand Lodge of Scotland Minutes, 6 February 1786.
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0;??6>5 3=228/>;9=B &+'*"&,&%- >! U
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For Uncle Dennis
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Abstract Modern freemasonry emerged
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Acknowledgements This study would n
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conflict which severely damaged the
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ealm of historical inquiry. One has
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extensively with them, David Steven
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associations were often politically
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freemasonry. Chapter 3 focuses on t
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Chapter Two ‘Antient Lustre in Th
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it was consciously trying to ‘rem
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publication was delayed until 1723.
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operations, which were carried out
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cohesiveness between the lodges by
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Three separate incidents occurred d
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view ignores the fact that the lodg
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entertainment whether they be prese
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Consequently, Kilwinning resumed it
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the members of the Royal Arch and K
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Scottish freemasons were teaching a
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untrained as stonemasons. This entr
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them paying each one pound five shi
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gentlemen into their lodges, not li
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of gentlemen masons was a direct re
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opposed to operatives, which “wer
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made manifest in the mathematical a
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conjunction with the management and
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For Reformation of Manners &c. In E
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eighteenth-century Scotland reveals
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association as a device for further
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1756, for the Grand Lodge resolved
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Provisions were also established to
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Stonemasons, Shipmasters, and Shoem
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suggesting that classicism and the
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of 1.5 members over a fourteen year
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Newtonian Society, were also freema
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highly improbable that Scottish fre
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for inspecting…houses reported th
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Table 3.1. Number of Scottish Lodge
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Page 87 and 88: promote a “more regular Correspon
Page 89 and 90: Kilbride were present in the initia
Page 91 and 92: with the overall development of fre
Page 93 and 94: late as 1760 “the majority of Mod
Page 95 and 96: Number of Lodges 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Page 97 and 98: Comparing the numbers from 1736 to
Page 99 and 100: membership lists were mentioned in
Page 101 and 102: Number of Members 300 250 200 150 1
Page 103 and 104: The data need careful qualification
Page 105 and 106: and diverse population from which t
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Page 109 and 110: time and money.” 75 As the list i
Page 111 and 112: Freemasonry was popular for several
Page 113 and 114: freemasons is ambiguous. 88 And fin
Page 115 and 116: development. Necessary to the achie
Page 117 and 118: 110 Grand and imposing as the whole
Page 119 and 120: when he hoped there would be a nume
Page 121 and 122: Upon entry to the lodge, new member
Page 123 and 124: Fellow Crafts, and a sum equal to b
Page 125 and 126: “did not incline to the trade he
Page 127 and 128: Similar to other Scottish lodges, t
Page 129: discourse of Hanoverian freemasonry
Page 133 and 134: The Bureaucratic Reformation Clark
Page 135 and 136: presumably charity and entertainmen
Page 137 and 138: Lodge of Scotland had instituted a
Page 139 and 140: in arrears. The Grand Lodge stipula
Page 141 and 142: significant consolidation of power
Page 143 and 144: eceipts for expenditures, purchase
Page 145 and 146: subsidiary societies, by the demand
Page 147 and 148: which temporarily coincided.” 5 F
Page 149 and 150: consequences brought all political
Page 151 and 152: more broadly the patriotic mood tha
Page 153 and 154: was sick of the sight of them, and
Page 155 and 156: Two verses follow which reiterate t
Page 157 and 158: eform clubs.” 39 The objectives o
Page 159 and 160: members ultimately resolved “That
Page 161 and 162: egularly published pamphlets agitat
Page 163 and 164: century. In the politically volatil
Page 165 and 166: The first piece of legislation desi
Page 167 and 168: epression.” 76 Unlike Pitt, who d
Page 169 and 170: state.” 89 Wells asserts that of
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Page 173 and 174: Although arguably masonic oaths fel
Page 175 and 176: The Scottish Grand Lodge’s inclus
Page 177 and 178: 170 suppression of Societies Establ
Page 179 and 180: By 23 January 1801, despite numerou
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government’s ban on issuing new c
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idea of setting aside the exempting
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expelled lodges for much less; thus
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ights, privileges, and powers, in l
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houses. Government action against s
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status and they had no intention of
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deemed a lodge which did not sit by
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hierarchical authority.” 12 In Eu
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French model, Robison claimed that
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they were much more prominent in Co
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Questioning the integrity of the so
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196 this Order is engaged in the Sc
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allusions in turn may well relate t
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was essentially “a reaction again
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anks, a great many Masons must have
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ideology of the society, Smyth main
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and 1790s, the population of Ulster
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mass membership it sought to attrac
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On 6 February 1797, Lodge Royal Arc
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contravene the regulation which sta
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inadmissible, as No. 264 was then n
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and regulations arising from the Ac
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218 descriptions of Masons under va
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Unlike the earlier allegations made
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two primary witnesses from the Gran
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include a fantastic story which imp
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1790s. 145 Ultimately, financial di
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the Masonic Secession of 1808. Alth
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Chapter Six ‘The Scotch Diable Bo
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freemasons, where political discuss
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Notably, there were several Whig le
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Political Exploitation and Masonic
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een elected Substitute Grand Master
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was more cordial and deferential du
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suffered a crushing defeat, confirm
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laid in Grand Lodge that required s
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Despite strong objections from Ingl
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Under this statute, Gibson’s acti
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of Edinburgh.” 69 Mitchell’s al
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the Grand Lodge, had been art and p
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of this masonic conspiracy contrive
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Might set the tamest lodge on earth
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Power.” 91 Clearly, the Moderns v
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“to the exclusion of all else.”
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its members Not surprisingly, in a
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the Maybole Trial, the Grand Lodge
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Societies Act and the laws of the G
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letter was removed from the Court.
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spurned the ignoble bondage…[and]
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Chapter Seven: Conclusion ‘A Will
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1736, Scottish lodges were an impor
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By 1799, the Grand Lodge of Scotlan
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masonic privileges after several of
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Roman Eagle Lodge No. 160 Minute Bo
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282 Society In Scotland For Propaga
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Dickinson, H.T. “Popular Loyalism
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Hewitt, A.R. “The Grand Lodge of
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MacDermot, Frank. Theobald Wolfe To
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S.N. Smith, “The So-Called ‘Exp
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Williams, T. Desmond, ed. Secret So
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Appendix 1: Occupational Returns fo
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1748 Mason (3) Wright Writer Baxter
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1767 Writer (3) Merchant (4) Surgeo
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Squarewright (2) Wright Surgeon Shi
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1739 Gentleman Students of Physics
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Coppersmith 1755 Student (5) Comedi
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1763 Student (5) Gentleman (5) Cabi
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Sword Maker (1) Tailor (1) Teacher
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12 November 1755 Mason (19) Slater
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1756 (1) Writer: 1 Drawer: 1 1757 (
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41 Occupations Represented 17 Mason
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Appendix 2: Freemasons and Multiple
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318 SSE: Select Society for Promoti
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Patrick Duff 35 (CK): MS, ES, SS Da
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Alexander Kincaid 69 (CK): CTB Alex
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Dr. Alexander Stevenson 103 (HH/G):
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Appendix 3: List of Suspended Lodge
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Appendix 4: Grand Lodge of Scotland
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1754: David Dalrymple 1755-60: Geor
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1795: Sir James Foulis 1796-1798: J
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1736-1751: Robert Alison (Archibald
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application to Parliament or otherw
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338 As Several of the Lodges in the
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[Signed] Dalkeith, addressed to Sir
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342 thought advisable to defer the
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Appendix 6: Grand Lodge Minutes Reg
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346 They also produced a Certificat
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Appendix 7: Lodge Royal Arch Maybol
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350 Lodge of Scotland therefor we d
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Appendix 8: National Archives of Sc
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All which he declares to be truth
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356 Our will is Herefore and we cha
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[Signed] William Gordon, witness Wi
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of all facts and circumstances that
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Grant Charters which is very much d
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Kilwinning Lodge stating the powers
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366 The above letters having been r
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usurpation of the fourth Friday but
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Ancient Grand Lodge of England: 1 J
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372 Religion, which however both po
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374 Lodge, and are further highly i
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Mark Coleman Wallace PhD Thesis - University of St Andrews

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