Mark Coleman Wallace PhD Thesis - University of St Andrews

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CMB: Cumberland Society CPC: Capercaillie Club CTB: Society of Captains of the Trained Bands EC: Easy Club (1712) ECS: Edinburgh Continental Society EPC: Edinburgh Pitt Club ES: Edinburgh Society (1755) FT: Feast of Tabernacles (1770) GC: Gormandizing Club GGF: Gentlemen Golfers of Fife HC: Hampden Club HPC: Hodge-Podge Club of Glasgow HS: Harveian Society (1782) HSL: Highland Society of London HSS: Highland Society of Scotland JS: Jollie Society LSFP: London Society of the Friends of the People LSG: Literary Society of Glasgow (1752) MC: Mirror Club (1770) MHC: Mrs. Hamilton’s Club MFS: Monkland Friendly Society 1 MS: Music Society of Edinburgh NS: Newtonian Society (1769) OC: Oyster Club (1778) OT: Order of the Thistle PC: Poker Club (1762) PHYS: Physical Society (1771) PLS: Philalethic Society (1797) PS: Philosophical Society (1742) RC: Revolution Club (1748) RCA: Royal Company of Archers (1676) RCK: Rankenian Club (1717) RCP: Royal College of Physicians RGSL: Royal Geographical Society of London RMS: Royal Medical Society (1734) RSE: Royal Society of Edinburgh (1783) RSL: Royal Society of London ROA: Royal Oak ROR: Royal Order SC: Soaping Club SAL: Society of Arts in London SLA: Society of Antiquaries in London SS: Select Society (1754) SSA: Society Scottish Antiquaries (1780) 1 Book-buying club organized by Robert Burns and his brother Gilbert 317
318 SSE: Select Society for Promoting the Reading and Speaking of the English Language in Scotland (1761) SFA: Society of Fair Anglers SOT: Society of Teachers SPCK: Society for Propagating Christian Knowledge (1701) SPS: Speculative Society (1764) TBC: Tarbolton Bacherlor’s Club (1780) WC: Whig Club ________________________________________________________________________ List of Masons Lodge(s) in parenthesis, followed by societies Alexander Abercromby (CK/D/HH/): MC, MS, RSE, SCK Sholto Charles 15 th Earl of Douglas, Lord Aberdour 2 (CK): ES, MS, SS George, Earl of Aboyne (CK): EPC, ES, SS James Adam 3 (CK): MS James Aitken (CK): PC, CC, SSA Robert Allan 4 (HH): MS Hon. Alexander Boswell, Lord Auchinleck 5 (CK): ES, MS, RCK, RSE, SS, SSE Dr. Adam Austin 6 (G): MS Roger Aytoun (HH): MS Andrew Balfour 7 (D/HH): BL, MS, PLS John Bethune 8 (CK): MS William Beveridge (HH): MS Charles Hamilton-Gordon, Lord Binning 9 : SSA John Blair 10 (G): MS, SCK John Boswell 11 (CK): ES, MS, SS Dr. John Boswell 12 (CK/HH): MS, RCP, RMS, SC Robert Brown 13 (HH/D): MS, RSE James Bruce (CK): MS David Steuart Erskine, 11 th Earl of Buchan 14 (DK/HH): LFSP, MS, PHYS, RSE, SSA Robert Burns 15 (CK/DT): MFS, RCA, TBC 2 (1732-1774) Grand Master, 1755-1756. 3 (1732-1794) Edinburgh Architect 4 Advocate, Sun fire office 5 (1707-1782) Judge and a staunch Whig 6 Member of the Royal College of Physicians, 1769 7 Advocate; Senior Grand Warden of Scotland, 1771-1772. 8 (1725-1774) Church of Scotland Minister and Philosopher 9 Grand Master of Scotland, 1753; Deputy Grand Master, 1788-89 10 Brewer, Abbey-Close 11 (1740-1795) Lawyer and diarist. Member of Canongate Kilwinning from 1759; Master of Lodge, 1773- 1775; Depute Grand Master, 1776 12 Member of Canongate Kilwinning, 6 September 1743; President of the Royal College of Physicians 13 (1757-1831) Writer on Agriculture 14 (1742-1829) Antiquary and Political Reformer
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0;??6>5 3=228/>;9=B &+'*"&,&%- >! U
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For Uncle Dennis
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Abstract Modern freemasonry emerged
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Acknowledgements This study would n
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conflict which severely damaged the
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ealm of historical inquiry. One has
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extensively with them, David Steven
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associations were often politically
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freemasonry. Chapter 3 focuses on t
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Chapter Two ‘Antient Lustre in Th
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it was consciously trying to ‘rem
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publication was delayed until 1723.
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operations, which were carried out
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cohesiveness between the lodges by
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Three separate incidents occurred d
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view ignores the fact that the lodg
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entertainment whether they be prese
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Consequently, Kilwinning resumed it
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the members of the Royal Arch and K
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Scottish freemasons were teaching a
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untrained as stonemasons. This entr
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them paying each one pound five shi
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gentlemen into their lodges, not li
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of gentlemen masons was a direct re
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opposed to operatives, which “wer
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made manifest in the mathematical a
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conjunction with the management and
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For Reformation of Manners &c. In E
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eighteenth-century Scotland reveals
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association as a device for further
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1756, for the Grand Lodge resolved
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Provisions were also established to
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Stonemasons, Shipmasters, and Shoem
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suggesting that classicism and the
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of 1.5 members over a fourteen year
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Newtonian Society, were also freema
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highly improbable that Scottish fre
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for inspecting…houses reported th
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Table 3.1. Number of Scottish Lodge
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that potential members who were sto
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than just a central governing body
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y the Grand Lodge They nominated an
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not been officially recognized by t
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promote a “more regular Correspon
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Kilbride were present in the initia
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with the overall development of fre
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late as 1760 “the majority of Mod
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Number of Lodges 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
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Comparing the numbers from 1736 to
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membership lists were mentioned in
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Number of Members 300 250 200 150 1
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The data need careful qualification
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and diverse population from which t
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2 highlights the patterns of masoni
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time and money.” 75 As the list i
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Freemasonry was popular for several
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freemasons is ambiguous. 88 And fin
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development. Necessary to the achie
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110 Grand and imposing as the whole
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when he hoped there would be a nume
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Upon entry to the lodge, new member
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Fellow Crafts, and a sum equal to b
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“did not incline to the trade he
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Similar to other Scottish lodges, t
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discourse of Hanoverian freemasonry
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124 hospitality and disinterested f
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The Bureaucratic Reformation Clark
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presumably charity and entertainmen
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Lodge of Scotland had instituted a
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in arrears. The Grand Lodge stipula
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significant consolidation of power
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eceipts for expenditures, purchase
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subsidiary societies, by the demand
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which temporarily coincided.” 5 F
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consequences brought all political
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more broadly the patriotic mood tha
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was sick of the sight of them, and
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Two verses follow which reiterate t
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eform clubs.” 39 The objectives o
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members ultimately resolved “That
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egularly published pamphlets agitat
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century. In the politically volatil
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The first piece of legislation desi
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epression.” 76 Unlike Pitt, who d
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state.” 89 Wells asserts that of
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given for raising a tumult or noise
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Although arguably masonic oaths fel
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The Scottish Grand Lodge’s inclus
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170 suppression of Societies Establ
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By 23 January 1801, despite numerou
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government’s ban on issuing new c
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idea of setting aside the exempting
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expelled lodges for much less; thus
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ights, privileges, and powers, in l
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houses. Government action against s
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status and they had no intention of
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deemed a lodge which did not sit by
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hierarchical authority.” 12 In Eu
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French model, Robison claimed that
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they were much more prominent in Co
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Questioning the integrity of the so
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196 this Order is engaged in the Sc
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allusions in turn may well relate t
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was essentially “a reaction again
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anks, a great many Masons must have
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ideology of the society, Smyth main
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and 1790s, the population of Ulster
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mass membership it sought to attrac
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On 6 February 1797, Lodge Royal Arc
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contravene the regulation which sta
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inadmissible, as No. 264 was then n
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and regulations arising from the Ac
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218 descriptions of Masons under va
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Unlike the earlier allegations made
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two primary witnesses from the Gran
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include a fantastic story which imp
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1790s. 145 Ultimately, financial di
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the Masonic Secession of 1808. Alth
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Chapter Six ‘The Scotch Diable Bo
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freemasons, where political discuss
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Notably, there were several Whig le
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Political Exploitation and Masonic
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een elected Substitute Grand Master
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was more cordial and deferential du
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suffered a crushing defeat, confirm
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laid in Grand Lodge that required s
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Despite strong objections from Ingl
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Under this statute, Gibson’s acti
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of Edinburgh.” 69 Mitchell’s al
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the Grand Lodge, had been art and p
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of this masonic conspiracy contrive
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Might set the tamest lodge on earth
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Power.” 91 Clearly, the Moderns v
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“to the exclusion of all else.”
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its members Not surprisingly, in a
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the Maybole Trial, the Grand Lodge
Page 273 and 274: Societies Act and the laws of the G
Page 275 and 276: letter was removed from the Court.
Page 277 and 278: spurned the ignoble bondage…[and]
Page 279 and 280: Chapter Seven: Conclusion ‘A Will
Page 281 and 282: 1736, Scottish lodges were an impor
Page 283 and 284: By 1799, the Grand Lodge of Scotlan
Page 285 and 286: masonic privileges after several of
Page 287 and 288: Roman Eagle Lodge No. 160 Minute Bo
Page 289 and 290: 282 Society In Scotland For Propaga
Page 291 and 292: Dickinson, H.T. “Popular Loyalism
Page 293 and 294: Hewitt, A.R. “The Grand Lodge of
Page 295 and 296: MacDermot, Frank. Theobald Wolfe To
Page 297 and 298: S.N. Smith, “The So-Called ‘Exp
Page 299 and 300: Williams, T. Desmond, ed. Secret So
Page 301 and 302: Appendix 1: Occupational Returns fo
Page 303 and 304: 1748 Mason (3) Wright Writer Baxter
Page 305 and 306: 1767 Writer (3) Merchant (4) Surgeo
Page 307 and 308: Squarewright (2) Wright Surgeon Shi
Page 309 and 310: 1739 Gentleman Students of Physics
Page 311 and 312: Coppersmith 1755 Student (5) Comedi
Page 313 and 314: 1763 Student (5) Gentleman (5) Cabi
Page 315 and 316: Sword Maker (1) Tailor (1) Teacher
Page 317 and 318: 12 November 1755 Mason (19) Slater
Page 319 and 320: 1756 (1) Writer: 1 Drawer: 1 1757 (
Page 321 and 322: 41 Occupations Represented 17 Mason
Page 323: Appendix 2: Freemasons and Multiple
Page 327 and 328: Patrick Duff 35 (CK): MS, ES, SS Da
Page 329 and 330: Alexander Kincaid 69 (CK): CTB Alex
Page 331 and 332: Dr. Alexander Stevenson 103 (HH/G):
Page 333 and 334: Appendix 3: List of Suspended Lodge
Page 335 and 336: Appendix 4: Grand Lodge of Scotland
Page 337 and 338: 1754: David Dalrymple 1755-60: Geor
Page 339 and 340: 1795: Sir James Foulis 1796-1798: J
Page 341 and 342: 1736-1751: Robert Alison (Archibald
Page 343 and 344: application to Parliament or otherw
Page 345 and 346: 338 As Several of the Lodges in the
Page 347 and 348: [Signed] Dalkeith, addressed to Sir
Page 349 and 350: 342 thought advisable to defer the
Page 351 and 352: Appendix 6: Grand Lodge Minutes Reg
Page 353 and 354: 346 They also produced a Certificat
Page 355 and 356: Appendix 7: Lodge Royal Arch Maybol
Page 357 and 358: 350 Lodge of Scotland therefor we d
Page 359 and 360: Appendix 8: National Archives of Sc
Page 361 and 362: All which he declares to be truth
Page 363 and 364: 356 Our will is Herefore and we cha
Page 365 and 366: [Signed] William Gordon, witness Wi
Page 367 and 368: of all facts and circumstances that
Page 369 and 370: Grant Charters which is very much d
Page 371 and 372: Kilwinning Lodge stating the powers
Page 373 and 374: 366 The above letters having been r
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usurpation of the fourth Friday but
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Ancient Grand Lodge of England: 1 J
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372 Religion, which however both po
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374 Lodge, and are further highly i
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Mark Coleman Wallace PhD Thesis - University of St Andrews

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