Mark Coleman Wallace PhD Thesis - University of St Andrews

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Lodge of Scotland abjured compromise and pursued what Clark calls a “centralist regime.” 10 Besides emphasising the significance of the Grand Lodge of Scotland on the development of Scottish freemasonry, this thesis has demonstrated that its actions throughout the eighteenth century were partially, if not largely, 277 responsible for the various conflicts during the 1790s and early 1800s. Whereas the English Grand Lodge was singularly successful in the circulation of masonic publications and managing and monitoring all aspects of freemasonry, Scotland’s overall lack of promotion, poor attempts to protect the interests of operative masons, and the defiant nature of several Edinburgh lodges prevented it from effectively gaining and retaining absolute authority over Scottish masonic affairs. The issue of precedence, the Maybole Trial, and the Masonic Secession are all connected by the creation of a main governing body and the period of crisis ushered in by the divided loyalties and political agenda of the Grand Lodge of Scotland. As such, those masons who opposed the unconstitutional seizure of power were not influenced by a radical consciousness. Rather, they were motivated by a desire to preserve certain hierarchical, authoritative, and political boundaries within freemasonry. The impact of the turmoil did not end in 1812. According to Lyon, “a feeling of dissatisfaction and lukewarmness continued to prevail in Mary’s Chapel.” 11 Several more unsuccessful attempts were made to regain its position at the head of the Grand Roll, and in 1824 the lodge was suspended from all 10 Ibid, 339. This was achieved through the return of membership lists, collection of annual dues, and the use of threats, suspensions, expulsions, and court proceedings. 11 Lyon, Mary’s Chapel, 309.
masonic privileges after several officers were charged with misconduct. The Grand Lodge should be noted for its success in establishing a masonic community. Any accomplishments, however, are invariably overshadowed by its inability to firmly enforce the prohibition of political and religious discussions. 278
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For Uncle Dennis
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Abstract Modern freemasonry emerged
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Acknowledgements This study would n
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conflict which severely damaged the
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ealm of historical inquiry. One has
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extensively with them, David Steven
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associations were often politically
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freemasonry. Chapter 3 focuses on t
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Chapter Two ‘Antient Lustre in Th
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it was consciously trying to ‘rem
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publication was delayed until 1723.
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operations, which were carried out
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cohesiveness between the lodges by
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Three separate incidents occurred d
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view ignores the fact that the lodg
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entertainment whether they be prese
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Consequently, Kilwinning resumed it
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the members of the Royal Arch and K
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Scottish freemasons were teaching a
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untrained as stonemasons. This entr
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them paying each one pound five shi
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gentlemen into their lodges, not li
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of gentlemen masons was a direct re
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opposed to operatives, which “wer
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made manifest in the mathematical a
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conjunction with the management and
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For Reformation of Manners &c. In E
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eighteenth-century Scotland reveals
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association as a device for further
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1756, for the Grand Lodge resolved
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Provisions were also established to
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Stonemasons, Shipmasters, and Shoem
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suggesting that classicism and the
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of 1.5 members over a fourteen year
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Newtonian Society, were also freema
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highly improbable that Scottish fre
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for inspecting…houses reported th
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Table 3.1. Number of Scottish Lodge
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that potential members who were sto
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than just a central governing body
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y the Grand Lodge They nominated an
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not been officially recognized by t
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promote a “more regular Correspon
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Kilbride were present in the initia
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with the overall development of fre
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late as 1760 “the majority of Mod
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Number of Lodges 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
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Comparing the numbers from 1736 to
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membership lists were mentioned in
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Number of Members 300 250 200 150 1
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The data need careful qualification
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and diverse population from which t
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2 highlights the patterns of masoni
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time and money.” 75 As the list i
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Freemasonry was popular for several
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freemasons is ambiguous. 88 And fin
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development. Necessary to the achie
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110 Grand and imposing as the whole
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when he hoped there would be a nume
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Upon entry to the lodge, new member
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Fellow Crafts, and a sum equal to b
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“did not incline to the trade he
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Similar to other Scottish lodges, t
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discourse of Hanoverian freemasonry
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124 hospitality and disinterested f
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The Bureaucratic Reformation Clark
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presumably charity and entertainmen
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Lodge of Scotland had instituted a
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in arrears. The Grand Lodge stipula
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significant consolidation of power
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eceipts for expenditures, purchase
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subsidiary societies, by the demand
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which temporarily coincided.” 5 F
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consequences brought all political
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more broadly the patriotic mood tha
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was sick of the sight of them, and
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Two verses follow which reiterate t
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eform clubs.” 39 The objectives o
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members ultimately resolved “That
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egularly published pamphlets agitat
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century. In the politically volatil
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The first piece of legislation desi
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epression.” 76 Unlike Pitt, who d
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state.” 89 Wells asserts that of
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given for raising a tumult or noise
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Although arguably masonic oaths fel
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The Scottish Grand Lodge’s inclus
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170 suppression of Societies Establ
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By 23 January 1801, despite numerou
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government’s ban on issuing new c
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idea of setting aside the exempting
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expelled lodges for much less; thus
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ights, privileges, and powers, in l
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houses. Government action against s
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status and they had no intention of
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deemed a lodge which did not sit by
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hierarchical authority.” 12 In Eu
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French model, Robison claimed that
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they were much more prominent in Co
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Questioning the integrity of the so
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196 this Order is engaged in the Sc
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allusions in turn may well relate t
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was essentially “a reaction again
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anks, a great many Masons must have
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ideology of the society, Smyth main
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and 1790s, the population of Ulster
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mass membership it sought to attrac
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On 6 February 1797, Lodge Royal Arc
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contravene the regulation which sta
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inadmissible, as No. 264 was then n
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and regulations arising from the Ac
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218 descriptions of Masons under va
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Unlike the earlier allegations made
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two primary witnesses from the Gran
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include a fantastic story which imp
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Page 235 and 236: the Masonic Secession of 1808. Alth
Page 237 and 238: Chapter Six ‘The Scotch Diable Bo
Page 239 and 240: freemasons, where political discuss
Page 241 and 242: Notably, there were several Whig le
Page 243 and 244: Political Exploitation and Masonic
Page 245 and 246: een elected Substitute Grand Master
Page 247 and 248: was more cordial and deferential du
Page 249 and 250: suffered a crushing defeat, confirm
Page 251 and 252: laid in Grand Lodge that required s
Page 253 and 254: Despite strong objections from Ingl
Page 255 and 256: Under this statute, Gibson’s acti
Page 257 and 258: of Edinburgh.” 69 Mitchell’s al
Page 259 and 260: the Grand Lodge, had been art and p
Page 261 and 262: of this masonic conspiracy contrive
Page 263 and 264: Might set the tamest lodge on earth
Page 265 and 266: Power.” 91 Clearly, the Moderns v
Page 267 and 268: “to the exclusion of all else.”
Page 269 and 270: its members Not surprisingly, in a
Page 271 and 272: the Maybole Trial, the Grand Lodge
Page 273 and 274: Societies Act and the laws of the G
Page 275 and 276: letter was removed from the Court.
Page 277 and 278: spurned the ignoble bondage…[and]
Page 279 and 280: Chapter Seven: Conclusion ‘A Will
Page 281 and 282: 1736, Scottish lodges were an impor
Page 283: By 1799, the Grand Lodge of Scotlan
Page 287 and 288: Roman Eagle Lodge No. 160 Minute Bo
Page 289 and 290: 282 Society In Scotland For Propaga
Page 291 and 292: Dickinson, H.T. “Popular Loyalism
Page 293 and 294: Hewitt, A.R. “The Grand Lodge of
Page 295 and 296: MacDermot, Frank. Theobald Wolfe To
Page 297 and 298: S.N. Smith, “The So-Called ‘Exp
Page 299 and 300: Williams, T. Desmond, ed. Secret So
Page 301 and 302: Appendix 1: Occupational Returns fo
Page 303 and 304: 1748 Mason (3) Wright Writer Baxter
Page 305 and 306: 1767 Writer (3) Merchant (4) Surgeo
Page 307 and 308: Squarewright (2) Wright Surgeon Shi
Page 309 and 310: 1739 Gentleman Students of Physics
Page 311 and 312: Coppersmith 1755 Student (5) Comedi
Page 313 and 314: 1763 Student (5) Gentleman (5) Cabi
Page 315 and 316: Sword Maker (1) Tailor (1) Teacher
Page 317 and 318: 12 November 1755 Mason (19) Slater
Page 319 and 320: 1756 (1) Writer: 1 Drawer: 1 1757 (
Page 321 and 322: 41 Occupations Represented 17 Mason
Page 323 and 324: Appendix 2: Freemasons and Multiple
Page 325 and 326: 318 SSE: Select Society for Promoti
Page 327 and 328: Patrick Duff 35 (CK): MS, ES, SS Da
Page 329 and 330: Alexander Kincaid 69 (CK): CTB Alex
Page 331 and 332: Dr. Alexander Stevenson 103 (HH/G):
Page 333 and 334: Appendix 3: List of Suspended Lodge
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Appendix 4: Grand Lodge of Scotland
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1754: David Dalrymple 1755-60: Geor
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1795: Sir James Foulis 1796-1798: J
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1736-1751: Robert Alison (Archibald
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application to Parliament or otherw
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338 As Several of the Lodges in the
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[Signed] Dalkeith, addressed to Sir
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342 thought advisable to defer the
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Appendix 6: Grand Lodge Minutes Reg
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346 They also produced a Certificat
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Appendix 7: Lodge Royal Arch Maybol
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350 Lodge of Scotland therefor we d
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Appendix 8: National Archives of Sc
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All which he declares to be truth
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356 Our will is Herefore and we cha
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[Signed] William Gordon, witness Wi
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of all facts and circumstances that
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Grant Charters which is very much d
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Kilwinning Lodge stating the powers
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366 The above letters having been r
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usurpation of the fourth Friday but
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Ancient Grand Lodge of England: 1 J
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372 Religion, which however both po
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374 Lodge, and are further highly i
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Mark Coleman Wallace PhD Thesis - University of St Andrews

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