Mark Coleman Wallace PhD Thesis - University of St Andrews

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officers, 46 and the officers themselves criticized the boundaries of their Districts, prompting further discussions on reshuffling the lodges contained in each. 47 Masonic Boom: Provincial Expansion and Geographic Distribution The Provincial Grand Lodge is rarely mentioned in Grand Lodge minutes from 1756 until the end of the century. At best, it was an ambitious yet inadequate attempt to reorganize Scottish freemasonry into a highly-organized, complex network of lodges and officers. In reality, the Provincial Grand Lodge had little overall impact on the development of eighteenth-century Scottish freemasonry. Despite these limitations and inefficiencies, the establishment of Districts and Provinces is important for two reasons: it manifests the Grand Lodge’s desire to expand regionally and overseas and to promote freemasonry through the encouragement of a network of communication among lodges. This closely mirrors the broader goals of British Enlightenment clubs and societies to develop a “web of dependent or linked bodies, in order to insure greater public recognition and the dissemination of ideas,” and to also move “steadily away from the earlier heavily metropolitan-centred picture to a more polycentric pattern.” 48 Much like the Scottish version of the Society for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge, the Grand Lodge of Scotland was created to keep pace 46 Ibid, 3 May 1784. 47 Ibid, 2 May 1785. This entry mentions a Southern District, and after “John Stewart Younger, Esq., of Allan banch, was named Provincial Grand Master of the Eastern District, he stated that that there were only two or at most three Lodges in that Corner of the Country which could properly fall under his Cognisance as Provincial Grand Master…Remit to the Committee to consider and divide the Northern part of Scotland into [several] Districts as they shall think proper, and to suggest [list] persons to be appointed Provincial Grand Masters therein.” 48 Clark, British Clubs, 98; 87-88. 83
with the overall development of freemasonry in England and Ireland and contribute further to the overall expansion of masonry throughout Britain via the close correspondence among the various Grand Lodges. Analysis of the lodges in each Scottish District reveals interesting geographical trends and provokes questions concerning masonic membership in urban versus provincial areas. Unfortunately, the details of the Provincial System in Scotland are dubious at best. George Draffen, in Scottish Masonic Records, records fourteen Scottish masonic Districts (Table 3.4). Table 3. 4. Districts According to George Draffen’s Scottish Masonic Records _____________________________________________________________________________ District Date ________________________________________________________________ Metropolitan 1736 Glasgow City 7 February 1739 49 Stirlingshire 6 February 1745 Fifeshire and Kinross 7 August 1747 Invernesshire 13 August 1747 Caithness 11 November 1747 50 Peebles and Selkirk 1747 Wigtoun and Kircudbright 1747 Orkney and Zetland 1747 Dumfriesshire 2 February 1756 West India Islands 1769 Jamaica 1771 Ayrshire 1792 Lanarkshire Upper Ward 4 May 1801 Argyll and the Isles 1801 Banffshire 1801 ________________________________________________________________ The accuracy of his classifications is uncertain, as Grand Lodge minutes do not record the creation of the Glasgow City and Caithness Districts. 49 Glasgow City is never specifically mentioned; Draffen likely is referring to the Western District. 50 Caithness District is never specifically mentioned in the Grand Lodge minutes. 84
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0;??6>5 3=228/>;9=B &+'*"&,&%- >! U
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For Uncle Dennis
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Abstract Modern freemasonry emerged
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Acknowledgements This study would n
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conflict which severely damaged the
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ealm of historical inquiry. One has
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extensively with them, David Steven
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associations were often politically
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freemasonry. Chapter 3 focuses on t
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Chapter Two ‘Antient Lustre in Th
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it was consciously trying to ‘rem
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publication was delayed until 1723.
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operations, which were carried out
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cohesiveness between the lodges by
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Three separate incidents occurred d
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view ignores the fact that the lodg
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entertainment whether they be prese
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Consequently, Kilwinning resumed it
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the members of the Royal Arch and K
Page 39 and 40: Scottish freemasons were teaching a
Page 41 and 42: untrained as stonemasons. This entr
Page 43 and 44: them paying each one pound five shi
Page 45 and 46: gentlemen into their lodges, not li
Page 47 and 48: of gentlemen masons was a direct re
Page 49 and 50: opposed to operatives, which “wer
Page 51 and 52: made manifest in the mathematical a
Page 53 and 54: conjunction with the management and
Page 55 and 56: For Reformation of Manners &c. In E
Page 57 and 58: eighteenth-century Scotland reveals
Page 59 and 60: association as a device for further
Page 61 and 62: 1756, for the Grand Lodge resolved
Page 63 and 64: Provisions were also established to
Page 65 and 66: Stonemasons, Shipmasters, and Shoem
Page 67 and 68: suggesting that classicism and the
Page 69 and 70: of 1.5 members over a fourteen year
Page 71 and 72: Newtonian Society, were also freema
Page 73 and 74: highly improbable that Scottish fre
Page 75 and 76: for inspecting…houses reported th
Page 77 and 78: Table 3.1. Number of Scottish Lodge
Page 79 and 80: that potential members who were sto
Page 81 and 82: than just a central governing body
Page 83 and 84: y the Grand Lodge They nominated an
Page 85 and 86: not been officially recognized by t
Page 87 and 88: promote a “more regular Correspon
Page 89: Kilbride were present in the initia
Page 93 and 94: late as 1760 “the majority of Mod
Page 95 and 96: Number of Lodges 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Page 97 and 98: Comparing the numbers from 1736 to
Page 99 and 100: membership lists were mentioned in
Page 101 and 102: Number of Members 300 250 200 150 1
Page 103 and 104: The data need careful qualification
Page 105 and 106: and diverse population from which t
Page 107 and 108: 2 highlights the patterns of masoni
Page 109 and 110: time and money.” 75 As the list i
Page 111 and 112: Freemasonry was popular for several
Page 113 and 114: freemasons is ambiguous. 88 And fin
Page 115 and 116: development. Necessary to the achie
Page 117 and 118: 110 Grand and imposing as the whole
Page 119 and 120: when he hoped there would be a nume
Page 121 and 122: Upon entry to the lodge, new member
Page 123 and 124: Fellow Crafts, and a sum equal to b
Page 125 and 126: “did not incline to the trade he
Page 127 and 128: Similar to other Scottish lodges, t
Page 129 and 130: discourse of Hanoverian freemasonry
Page 131 and 132: 124 hospitality and disinterested f
Page 133 and 134: The Bureaucratic Reformation Clark
Page 135 and 136: presumably charity and entertainmen
Page 137 and 138: Lodge of Scotland had instituted a
Page 139 and 140: in arrears. The Grand Lodge stipula
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significant consolidation of power
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eceipts for expenditures, purchase
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subsidiary societies, by the demand
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which temporarily coincided.” 5 F
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consequences brought all political
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more broadly the patriotic mood tha
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was sick of the sight of them, and
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Two verses follow which reiterate t
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eform clubs.” 39 The objectives o
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members ultimately resolved “That
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egularly published pamphlets agitat
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century. In the politically volatil
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The first piece of legislation desi
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epression.” 76 Unlike Pitt, who d
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state.” 89 Wells asserts that of
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given for raising a tumult or noise
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Although arguably masonic oaths fel
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The Scottish Grand Lodge’s inclus
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170 suppression of Societies Establ
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By 23 January 1801, despite numerou
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government’s ban on issuing new c
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idea of setting aside the exempting
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expelled lodges for much less; thus
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ights, privileges, and powers, in l
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houses. Government action against s
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status and they had no intention of
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deemed a lodge which did not sit by
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hierarchical authority.” 12 In Eu
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French model, Robison claimed that
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they were much more prominent in Co
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Questioning the integrity of the so
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196 this Order is engaged in the Sc
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allusions in turn may well relate t
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was essentially “a reaction again
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anks, a great many Masons must have
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ideology of the society, Smyth main
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and 1790s, the population of Ulster
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mass membership it sought to attrac
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On 6 February 1797, Lodge Royal Arc
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contravene the regulation which sta
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inadmissible, as No. 264 was then n
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and regulations arising from the Ac
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218 descriptions of Masons under va
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Unlike the earlier allegations made
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two primary witnesses from the Gran
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include a fantastic story which imp
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1790s. 145 Ultimately, financial di
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the Masonic Secession of 1808. Alth
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Chapter Six ‘The Scotch Diable Bo
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freemasons, where political discuss
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Notably, there were several Whig le
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Political Exploitation and Masonic
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een elected Substitute Grand Master
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was more cordial and deferential du
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suffered a crushing defeat, confirm
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laid in Grand Lodge that required s
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Despite strong objections from Ingl
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Under this statute, Gibson’s acti
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of Edinburgh.” 69 Mitchell’s al
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the Grand Lodge, had been art and p
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of this masonic conspiracy contrive
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Might set the tamest lodge on earth
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Power.” 91 Clearly, the Moderns v
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“to the exclusion of all else.”
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its members Not surprisingly, in a
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the Maybole Trial, the Grand Lodge
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Societies Act and the laws of the G
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letter was removed from the Court.
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spurned the ignoble bondage…[and]
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Chapter Seven: Conclusion ‘A Will
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1736, Scottish lodges were an impor
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By 1799, the Grand Lodge of Scotlan
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masonic privileges after several of
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Roman Eagle Lodge No. 160 Minute Bo
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282 Society In Scotland For Propaga
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Dickinson, H.T. “Popular Loyalism
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Hewitt, A.R. “The Grand Lodge of
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MacDermot, Frank. Theobald Wolfe To
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S.N. Smith, “The So-Called ‘Exp
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Williams, T. Desmond, ed. Secret So
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Appendix 1: Occupational Returns fo
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1748 Mason (3) Wright Writer Baxter
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1767 Writer (3) Merchant (4) Surgeo
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Squarewright (2) Wright Surgeon Shi
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1739 Gentleman Students of Physics
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Coppersmith 1755 Student (5) Comedi
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1763 Student (5) Gentleman (5) Cabi
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Sword Maker (1) Tailor (1) Teacher
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12 November 1755 Mason (19) Slater
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1756 (1) Writer: 1 Drawer: 1 1757 (
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41 Occupations Represented 17 Mason
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Appendix 2: Freemasons and Multiple
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318 SSE: Select Society for Promoti
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Patrick Duff 35 (CK): MS, ES, SS Da
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Alexander Kincaid 69 (CK): CTB Alex
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Dr. Alexander Stevenson 103 (HH/G):
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Appendix 3: List of Suspended Lodge
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Appendix 4: Grand Lodge of Scotland
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1754: David Dalrymple 1755-60: Geor
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1795: Sir James Foulis 1796-1798: J
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1736-1751: Robert Alison (Archibald
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application to Parliament or otherw
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338 As Several of the Lodges in the
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[Signed] Dalkeith, addressed to Sir
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342 thought advisable to defer the
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Appendix 6: Grand Lodge Minutes Reg
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346 They also produced a Certificat
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Appendix 7: Lodge Royal Arch Maybol
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350 Lodge of Scotland therefor we d
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Appendix 8: National Archives of Sc
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All which he declares to be truth
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356 Our will is Herefore and we cha
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[Signed] William Gordon, witness Wi
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of all facts and circumstances that
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Grant Charters which is very much d
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Kilwinning Lodge stating the powers
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366 The above letters having been r
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usurpation of the fourth Friday but
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Ancient Grand Lodge of England: 1 J
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372 Religion, which however both po
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374 Lodge, and are further highly i
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Mark Coleman Wallace PhD Thesis - University of St Andrews

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