Mark Coleman Wallace PhD Thesis - University of St Andrews

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SCOTTISH FREEMASONRY 1725-1810: PROGRESS, POWER, AND POLITICS MARK COLEMAN WALLACE Thesis submitted for the degree of Ph.D. University of St Andrews, 10 April 2007
For Uncle Dennis
Page 1: 0;??6>5 3=228/>;9=B &+'*"&,&%- >! U
Page 5 and 6: Abstract Modern freemasonry emerged
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgements This study would n
Page 9 and 10: conflict which severely damaged the
Page 11 and 12: ealm of historical inquiry. One has
Page 13 and 14: extensively with them, David Steven
Page 15 and 16: associations were often politically
Page 17 and 18: freemasonry. Chapter 3 focuses on t
Page 19 and 20: Chapter Two ‘Antient Lustre in Th
Page 21 and 22: it was consciously trying to ‘rem
Page 23 and 24: publication was delayed until 1723.
Page 25 and 26: operations, which were carried out
Page 27 and 28: cohesiveness between the lodges by
Page 29 and 30: Three separate incidents occurred d
Page 31 and 32: view ignores the fact that the lodg
Page 33 and 34: entertainment whether they be prese
Page 35 and 36: Consequently, Kilwinning resumed it
Page 37 and 38: the members of the Royal Arch and K
Page 39 and 40: Scottish freemasons were teaching a
Page 41 and 42: untrained as stonemasons. This entr
Page 43 and 44: them paying each one pound five shi
Page 45 and 46: gentlemen into their lodges, not li
Page 47 and 48: of gentlemen masons was a direct re
Page 49 and 50: opposed to operatives, which “wer
Page 51 and 52: made manifest in the mathematical a
Page 53 and 54:
conjunction with the management and
Page 55 and 56:
For Reformation of Manners &c. In E
Page 57 and 58:
eighteenth-century Scotland reveals
Page 59 and 60:
association as a device for further
Page 61 and 62:
1756, for the Grand Lodge resolved
Page 63 and 64:
Provisions were also established to
Page 65 and 66:
Stonemasons, Shipmasters, and Shoem
Page 67 and 68:
suggesting that classicism and the
Page 69 and 70:
of 1.5 members over a fourteen year
Page 71 and 72:
Newtonian Society, were also freema
Page 73 and 74:
highly improbable that Scottish fre
Page 75 and 76:
for inspecting…houses reported th
Page 77 and 78:
Table 3.1. Number of Scottish Lodge
Page 79 and 80:
that potential members who were sto
Page 81 and 82:
than just a central governing body
Page 83 and 84:
y the Grand Lodge They nominated an
Page 85 and 86:
not been officially recognized by t
Page 87 and 88:
promote a “more regular Correspon
Page 89 and 90:
Kilbride were present in the initia
Page 91 and 92:
with the overall development of fre
Page 93 and 94:
late as 1760 “the majority of Mod
Page 95 and 96:
Number of Lodges 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Page 97 and 98:
Comparing the numbers from 1736 to
Page 99 and 100:
membership lists were mentioned in
Page 101 and 102:
Number of Members 300 250 200 150 1
Page 103 and 104:
The data need careful qualification
Page 105 and 106:
and diverse population from which t
Page 107 and 108:
2 highlights the patterns of masoni
Page 109 and 110:
time and money.” 75 As the list i
Page 111 and 112:
Freemasonry was popular for several
Page 113 and 114:
freemasons is ambiguous. 88 And fin
Page 115 and 116:
development. Necessary to the achie
Page 117 and 118:
110 Grand and imposing as the whole
Page 119 and 120:
when he hoped there would be a nume
Page 121 and 122:
Upon entry to the lodge, new member
Page 123 and 124:
Fellow Crafts, and a sum equal to b
Page 125 and 126:
“did not incline to the trade he
Page 127 and 128:
Similar to other Scottish lodges, t
Page 129 and 130:
discourse of Hanoverian freemasonry
Page 131 and 132:
124 hospitality and disinterested f
Page 133 and 134:
The Bureaucratic Reformation Clark
Page 135 and 136:
presumably charity and entertainmen
Page 137 and 138:
Lodge of Scotland had instituted a
Page 139 and 140:
in arrears. The Grand Lodge stipula
Page 141 and 142:
significant consolidation of power
Page 143 and 144:
eceipts for expenditures, purchase
Page 145 and 146:
subsidiary societies, by the demand
Page 147 and 148:
which temporarily coincided.” 5 F
Page 149 and 150:
consequences brought all political
Page 151 and 152:
more broadly the patriotic mood tha
Page 153 and 154:
was sick of the sight of them, and
Page 155 and 156:
Two verses follow which reiterate t
Page 157 and 158:
eform clubs.” 39 The objectives o
Page 159 and 160:
members ultimately resolved “That
Page 161 and 162:
egularly published pamphlets agitat
Page 163 and 164:
century. In the politically volatil
Page 165 and 166:
The first piece of legislation desi
Page 167 and 168:
epression.” 76 Unlike Pitt, who d
Page 169 and 170:
state.” 89 Wells asserts that of
Page 171 and 172:
given for raising a tumult or noise
Page 173 and 174:
Although arguably masonic oaths fel
Page 175 and 176:
The Scottish Grand Lodge’s inclus
Page 177 and 178:
170 suppression of Societies Establ
Page 179 and 180:
By 23 January 1801, despite numerou
Page 181 and 182:
government’s ban on issuing new c
Page 183 and 184:
idea of setting aside the exempting
Page 185 and 186:
expelled lodges for much less; thus
Page 187 and 188:
ights, privileges, and powers, in l
Page 189 and 190:
houses. Government action against s
Page 191 and 192:
status and they had no intention of
Page 193 and 194:
deemed a lodge which did not sit by
Page 195 and 196:
hierarchical authority.” 12 In Eu
Page 197 and 198:
French model, Robison claimed that
Page 199 and 200:
they were much more prominent in Co
Page 201 and 202:
Questioning the integrity of the so
Page 203 and 204:
196 this Order is engaged in the Sc
Page 205 and 206:
allusions in turn may well relate t
Page 207 and 208:
was essentially “a reaction again
Page 209 and 210:
anks, a great many Masons must have
Page 211 and 212:
ideology of the society, Smyth main
Page 213 and 214:
and 1790s, the population of Ulster
Page 215 and 216:
mass membership it sought to attrac
Page 217 and 218:
On 6 February 1797, Lodge Royal Arc
Page 219 and 220:
contravene the regulation which sta
Page 221 and 222:
inadmissible, as No. 264 was then n
Page 223 and 224:
and regulations arising from the Ac
Page 225 and 226:
218 descriptions of Masons under va
Page 227 and 228:
Unlike the earlier allegations made
Page 229 and 230:
two primary witnesses from the Gran
Page 231 and 232:
include a fantastic story which imp
Page 233 and 234:
1790s. 145 Ultimately, financial di
Page 235 and 236:
the Masonic Secession of 1808. Alth
Page 237 and 238:
Chapter Six ‘The Scotch Diable Bo
Page 239 and 240:
freemasons, where political discuss
Page 241 and 242:
Notably, there were several Whig le
Page 243 and 244:
Political Exploitation and Masonic
Page 245 and 246:
een elected Substitute Grand Master
Page 247 and 248:
was more cordial and deferential du
Page 249 and 250:
suffered a crushing defeat, confirm
Page 251 and 252:
laid in Grand Lodge that required s
Page 253 and 254:
Despite strong objections from Ingl
Page 255 and 256:
Under this statute, Gibson’s acti
Page 257 and 258:
of Edinburgh.” 69 Mitchell’s al
Page 259 and 260:
the Grand Lodge, had been art and p
Page 261 and 262:
of this masonic conspiracy contrive
Page 263 and 264:
Might set the tamest lodge on earth
Page 265 and 266:
Power.” 91 Clearly, the Moderns v
Page 267 and 268:
“to the exclusion of all else.”
Page 269 and 270:
its members Not surprisingly, in a
Page 271 and 272:
the Maybole Trial, the Grand Lodge
Page 273 and 274:
Societies Act and the laws of the G
Page 275 and 276:
letter was removed from the Court.
Page 277 and 278:
spurned the ignoble bondage…[and]
Page 279 and 280:
Chapter Seven: Conclusion ‘A Will
Page 281 and 282:
1736, Scottish lodges were an impor
Page 283 and 284:
By 1799, the Grand Lodge of Scotlan
Page 285 and 286:
masonic privileges after several of
Page 287 and 288:
Roman Eagle Lodge No. 160 Minute Bo
Page 289 and 290:
282 Society In Scotland For Propaga
Page 291 and 292:
Dickinson, H.T. “Popular Loyalism
Page 293 and 294:
Hewitt, A.R. “The Grand Lodge of
Page 295 and 296:
MacDermot, Frank. Theobald Wolfe To
Page 297 and 298:
S.N. Smith, “The So-Called ‘Exp
Page 299 and 300:
Williams, T. Desmond, ed. Secret So
Page 301 and 302:
Appendix 1: Occupational Returns fo
Page 303 and 304:
1748 Mason (3) Wright Writer Baxter
Page 305 and 306:
1767 Writer (3) Merchant (4) Surgeo
Page 307 and 308:
Squarewright (2) Wright Surgeon Shi
Page 309 and 310:
1739 Gentleman Students of Physics
Page 311 and 312:
Coppersmith 1755 Student (5) Comedi
Page 313 and 314:
1763 Student (5) Gentleman (5) Cabi
Page 315 and 316:
Sword Maker (1) Tailor (1) Teacher
Page 317 and 318:
12 November 1755 Mason (19) Slater
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1756 (1) Writer: 1 Drawer: 1 1757 (
Page 321 and 322:
41 Occupations Represented 17 Mason
Page 323 and 324:
Appendix 2: Freemasons and Multiple
Page 325 and 326:
318 SSE: Select Society for Promoti
Page 327 and 328:
Patrick Duff 35 (CK): MS, ES, SS Da
Page 329 and 330:
Alexander Kincaid 69 (CK): CTB Alex
Page 331 and 332:
Dr. Alexander Stevenson 103 (HH/G):
Page 333 and 334:
Appendix 3: List of Suspended Lodge
Page 335 and 336:
Appendix 4: Grand Lodge of Scotland
Page 337 and 338:
1754: David Dalrymple 1755-60: Geor
Page 339 and 340:
1795: Sir James Foulis 1796-1798: J
Page 341 and 342:
1736-1751: Robert Alison (Archibald
Page 343 and 344:
application to Parliament or otherw
Page 345 and 346:
338 As Several of the Lodges in the
Page 347 and 348:
[Signed] Dalkeith, addressed to Sir
Page 349 and 350:
342 thought advisable to defer the
Page 351 and 352:
Appendix 6: Grand Lodge Minutes Reg
Page 353 and 354:
346 They also produced a Certificat
Page 355 and 356:
Appendix 7: Lodge Royal Arch Maybol
Page 357 and 358:
350 Lodge of Scotland therefor we d
Page 359 and 360:
Appendix 8: National Archives of Sc
Page 361 and 362:
All which he declares to be truth
Page 363 and 364:
356 Our will is Herefore and we cha
Page 365 and 366:
[Signed] William Gordon, witness Wi
Page 367 and 368:
of all facts and circumstances that
Page 369 and 370:
Grant Charters which is very much d
Page 371 and 372:
Kilwinning Lodge stating the powers
Page 373 and 374:
366 The above letters having been r
Page 375 and 376:
usurpation of the fourth Friday but
Page 377 and 378:
Ancient Grand Lodge of England: 1 J
Page 379 and 380:
372 Religion, which however both po
Page 381:
374 Lodge, and are further highly i
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Mark Coleman Wallace PhD Thesis - University of St Andrews

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