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Blended Learning in English Language Teaching: Course Design and Implementation

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mobile phones via Bluetooth from my laptop <strong>and</strong> provide the transcripts as hardcopy.<br />

The set-up <strong>and</strong> materials allow for this flexibility so that they can be used <strong>in</strong> low-tech<br />

<strong>and</strong> high-tech situations.<br />

When record<strong>in</strong>g the <strong>in</strong>troduction of each episode, the small talk <strong>and</strong> the actual<br />

dialogues, it is good to pause between the sections so that later on, when reus<strong>in</strong>g<br />

them for future courses, the sections can easily be cut <strong>and</strong> reassembled as needed.<br />

Keep<strong>in</strong>g the podcast episodes short makes it easier for the learners to listen to<br />

them even when they only have short breaks. It is also less <strong>in</strong>timidat<strong>in</strong>g for beg<strong>in</strong>ner<br />

learners <strong>and</strong> can give them a sense of achievement when they f<strong>in</strong>ish an episode <strong>and</strong><br />

underst<strong>and</strong> it. The risk of ‘gett<strong>in</strong>g lost’ <strong>in</strong> the record<strong>in</strong>g is lower too.<br />

F<strong>in</strong>ally, one mistake that many podcast creators make is that the language used to<br />

expla<strong>in</strong> the episode, language or grammar is often more complicated than the actual<br />

language or grammar po<strong>in</strong>t expla<strong>in</strong>ed, which makes it difficult for the learners to<br />

underst<strong>and</strong>. In this course, I wanted to avoid this trap but I also wanted to <strong>in</strong>clude<br />

an additional challenge. Therefore, I chose a middle way <strong>and</strong> did <strong>in</strong>clude some more<br />

complicated or unknown language <strong>in</strong> the <strong>in</strong>troduction or ‘small talk’ part. Weaker<br />

students were helped by the transcript, they could ask me or at least learn to cope<br />

with situations <strong>in</strong> which they did not underst<strong>and</strong> everyth<strong>in</strong>g that was said <strong>in</strong> <strong>English</strong><br />

(a common situation at work), <strong>and</strong> stronger students had some additional language<br />

to take away from the episodes.<br />

References<br />

Abdous, M, Camarena, MM <strong>and</strong> Facer, BR (2009) MALL Technology: Use of Academic<br />

Podcast<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the Foreign <strong>Language</strong> Classroom. ReCALL 21: 76 – 95.<br />

Alonso, F, López, G, Manrique, D <strong>and</strong> Viñes, JM (2005) An <strong>in</strong>structional model for webbased<br />

e-learn<strong>in</strong>g education with a blended learn<strong>in</strong>g process approach. British Journal<br />

of Educational Technology 36/2: 217–235.<br />

Bax, S (2003) CALL– past, present <strong>and</strong> future. System 31: 13 – 28.<br />

Ch<strong>in</strong>nery, GM (2006) Emerg<strong>in</strong>g technologies – Go<strong>in</strong>g to the MALL: Mobile Assisted<br />

<strong>Language</strong> <strong>Learn<strong>in</strong>g</strong>. <strong>Language</strong> <strong>Learn<strong>in</strong>g</strong> & Technology 10/1: 9 –16.<br />

Collis, B <strong>and</strong> Moonen, J (2002) Flexible learn<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> a digital world. Open <strong>Learn<strong>in</strong>g</strong>:<br />

The Journal of Open <strong>and</strong> Distance <strong>Learn<strong>in</strong>g</strong> 17/3: 217 – 230.<br />

Ediris<strong>in</strong>gha, P, Salmon, G <strong>and</strong> Fothergill, J (2007) ‘Profcast<strong>in</strong>g – a pilot study <strong>and</strong><br />

guidance for <strong>in</strong>tegrat<strong>in</strong>g podcasts <strong>in</strong> a blended learn<strong>in</strong>g environment’, <strong>in</strong> Bernath,<br />

U <strong>and</strong> Sangrà, A (eds) Research on Competence Development <strong>in</strong> Onl<strong>in</strong>e Distance<br />

Education <strong>and</strong> E-learn<strong>in</strong>g. Oldenburg: BIS-Verlag, 127–137.<br />

Evans, C (2008) The effectiveness of m-learn<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the form of podcast revision<br />

lectures <strong>in</strong> higher education. Computers & Education 50: 491– 498.<br />

Garrison, D <strong>and</strong> Kanuka, H (2004) <strong>Blended</strong> <strong>Learn<strong>in</strong>g</strong>: Uncover<strong>in</strong>g its transformative<br />

potential <strong>in</strong> higher education. The Internet <strong>and</strong> Higher Education 7: 95 –105.<br />

138 | <strong>Blended</strong> learn<strong>in</strong>g: podcasts for taxi drivers

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