Blended Learning in English Language Teaching: Course Design and Implementation
Blended Learning in English Language Teaching: Course Design and Implementation
Blended Learning in English Language Teaching: Course Design and Implementation
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Table 5: Time spent on each mode<br />
Peachey, Chapter 5 Eight-week 80-hour<br />
tutor-moderated<br />
course delivered onl<strong>in</strong>e<br />
us<strong>in</strong>g the Moodle LMS<br />
Dudeney <strong>and</strong> Hockly,<br />
Chapter 6<br />
Block One Block Two Block Three<br />
One-week onl<strong>in</strong>e<br />
orientation period<br />
<strong>in</strong> the course<br />
Moodle platform<br />
Two-week 60-hour<br />
face-to-face workshop<br />
delivered at Bell<br />
Teacher Campus<br />
50 hours face-to-face<br />
over two weeks<br />
White et al., Chapter 8 Two weeks face-to-face Six-months onl<strong>in</strong>e<br />
tuition <strong>and</strong> assessment<br />
Three-month<br />
160-hour self-study<br />
element (optional)<br />
70 hours of the course<br />
are taken onl<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong> a<br />
VLE called Moodle<br />
One-week onl<strong>in</strong>e<br />
simulation<br />
When redesign<strong>in</strong>g the blend <strong>in</strong> Bosnia <strong>and</strong> Herzegov<strong>in</strong>a, a considerable amount of<br />
time was spent determ<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g the distribution of modes especially given the <strong>in</strong>tensity<br />
of the courses (12 weeks x 23 hours per week). As the learners saw the classroom<br />
sessions as the most productive part of the course, time spent on the face-to-face<br />
mode needed to outweigh or at least balance the amount of time spent on the other<br />
two modes (computer <strong>and</strong> self-study). At lower levels I believed that students needed<br />
more time <strong>in</strong> class than those at higher levels where the students should have<br />
developed a greater level of autonomy by complet<strong>in</strong>g the lower level courses (most<br />
worked their way through the levels) <strong>and</strong> therefore be able to cope with more time<br />
<strong>in</strong> the self-study <strong>and</strong> the computer modes. So at elementary level 61 per cent of the<br />
learners’ time was spent <strong>in</strong> class, 19.5 per cent <strong>in</strong> self-study <strong>and</strong> on the computers<br />
whereas at upper-<strong>in</strong>termediate level 50 per cent of the learners’ time was spent <strong>in</strong><br />
class, 25 per cent <strong>in</strong> self-study <strong>and</strong> on the computers.<br />
What will the pedagogic purpose of the modes be?<br />
With reference to choice of mode (Neumeier, 2005), thought had clearly been given<br />
to determ<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g what each mode would be used to teach. Typically the face-to-face<br />
mode was used to <strong>in</strong>troduce the language or topic <strong>and</strong> the onl<strong>in</strong>e mode was used<br />
to either extend the students work<strong>in</strong>g hours (Aborisade, Chapter 2); or aid <strong>and</strong><br />
re<strong>in</strong>force classroom <strong>in</strong>struction (Pardo-Gonzalez, Chapter 4); or to serve as the<br />
supplementary part to the face-to-face tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g (Bo <strong>and</strong> O’Hare, Chapter 7); or to<br />
check underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g (Hirst <strong>and</strong> Godfrey, Chapter 9); or for practice (Kern, Chapter<br />
11); or to practise <strong>and</strong> revise the skills <strong>and</strong> po<strong>in</strong>ts covered <strong>in</strong> the face-to-face lesson<br />
(Bilg<strong>in</strong>, Chapter 19); or to consolidate or review language (Krake, Chapter 20).<br />
Neumeier (2005: 171) <strong>in</strong>troduces the terms ‘parallel’ or ‘isolated’. Parallel<br />
<strong>in</strong>corporation means that ‘both modes are used for teach<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> learn<strong>in</strong>g’.<br />
In practical terms this means that the language item may be presented <strong>in</strong> class<br />
<strong>and</strong> then practised us<strong>in</strong>g CALL, or vice versa. Isolated <strong>in</strong>corporation means that<br />
only one mode would be used, for example writ<strong>in</strong>g sessions could be restricted<br />
to the face-to-face mode. One consideration at this stage must surely be if ‘the<br />
method of delivery is suited to the content’ (Dudeney <strong>and</strong> Hockly, 2007: 140) <strong>and</strong><br />
the example they give is that the use of email would be an <strong>in</strong>appropriate way to<br />
teach <strong>and</strong> practise pronunciation.<br />
Conclusion | 231