Blended Learning in English Language Teaching: Course Design and Implementation
Blended Learning in English Language Teaching: Course Design and Implementation
Blended Learning in English Language Teaching: Course Design and Implementation
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typically <strong>in</strong>volve writ<strong>in</strong>g or apply<strong>in</strong>g tests <strong>in</strong> their workplace. Then the cycle would<br />
beg<strong>in</strong> aga<strong>in</strong>, cover<strong>in</strong>g five or six units of onl<strong>in</strong>e study.<br />
When participants were enrolled on the courses, for most courses they were<br />
divided <strong>in</strong>to groups, s<strong>in</strong>ce it is widely recognised that test writ<strong>in</strong>g is best done <strong>in</strong><br />
groups, rather than as an <strong>in</strong>dividual activity. All exam<strong>in</strong>ation boards have a ‘peer’<br />
review process for items, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g Cambridge, Pearson, <strong>and</strong> Tr<strong>in</strong>ity. Bachman<br />
<strong>and</strong> Palmer (1996) talk about collect<strong>in</strong>g feedback from a wide variety of sources<br />
both on specifications, items <strong>and</strong> on processes <strong>and</strong> procedures. The forums of the<br />
e-moderated Moodle platform gave participants <strong>and</strong> the e-moderator opportunity<br />
to do that.<br />
<strong>Course</strong> structure<br />
As mentioned above, the development of test<strong>in</strong>g skills is a long-term process, as it<br />
requires not only necessary theoretical knowledge, but also cont<strong>in</strong>ued practice <strong>and</strong><br />
reflection. What is more, our goal of gett<strong>in</strong>g participants to change their attitude to<br />
the value of communicative test<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>and</strong> to become co-constructors of knowledge<br />
through dynamic <strong>in</strong>teractions, rather than passive recipients, would be a radical<br />
change <strong>in</strong> pedagogy for them. This could start <strong>in</strong> the four-day face-to-face tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g,<br />
but would need more time to be achieved. So, the course was designed with two<br />
stages, with each stage consist<strong>in</strong>g of four days’ face-to-face tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g, followed by<br />
around six weeks’ onl<strong>in</strong>e e-moderated tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g. This k<strong>in</strong>d of blend that allows a<br />
radical transformation of pedagogy is what Bonk <strong>and</strong> Graham call ‘transform<strong>in</strong>g<br />
blends’ (2006: 13).<br />
F<strong>in</strong>ally, there were practical factors to consider. Whilst it was possible to gather<br />
together <strong>in</strong> one city a group of <strong>in</strong>-service teacher researchers for four days’ tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g,<br />
it was extremely difficult to release them from their work for a longer stretch of time,<br />
as they have many responsibilities beyond teach<strong>in</strong>g. Due to the size of Ch<strong>in</strong>a, <strong>and</strong> the<br />
fact that tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g was offered at a prov<strong>in</strong>cial level, participants had to travel anyth<strong>in</strong>g<br />
up to 12 hours by tra<strong>in</strong> or bus to get to the face-to-face tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g.<br />
Assess<strong>in</strong>g learn<strong>in</strong>g<br />
In order to evaluate the new tests that participants were mak<strong>in</strong>g, assignments<br />
for each onl<strong>in</strong>e unit were submitted <strong>and</strong> marked by the e-moderator. This was<br />
returned to the participant <strong>and</strong> they were asked to reflect on the result <strong>and</strong> tra<strong>in</strong>er<br />
comments <strong>and</strong> comment on future changes they would make or action they would<br />
take. In addition, the level of participation on the onl<strong>in</strong>e platforms was assessed.<br />
The latter, it was hoped, would have a positive backwash on contributions to the<br />
forums. Moodle tools enable all of the above to be done, recorded <strong>and</strong> shared<br />
accurately <strong>and</strong> effectively.<br />
Lessons learned<br />
1. <strong>Course</strong> design<br />
a. Orig<strong>in</strong>ally, we started with the face-to-face tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g, <strong>and</strong> then on the last day of<br />
tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g participants were given an hour’s <strong>in</strong>troduction to the onl<strong>in</strong>e platform <strong>and</strong><br />
86 | Revers<strong>in</strong>g the blend: From onl<strong>in</strong>e to blended