Blended Learning in English Language Teaching: Course Design and Implementation
Blended Learning in English Language Teaching: Course Design and Implementation
Blended Learning in English Language Teaching: Course Design and Implementation
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esources available to them. Thus, an <strong>in</strong>herent limitation of the course is that it<br />
requires <strong>in</strong>structors with both the language skills <strong>and</strong> requisite time to maximise<br />
the benefits of the course’s <strong>in</strong>built track<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> assessment system.<br />
As has been discussed, onl<strong>in</strong>e delivery provides many advantages, but obviously<br />
also poses some <strong>in</strong>herent limitations <strong>in</strong> language learn<strong>in</strong>g. One possible weakness<br />
is that an onl<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong>terface cannot reproduce the <strong>in</strong>teractions entailed <strong>in</strong> true twoway<br />
communications. This once aga<strong>in</strong> underl<strong>in</strong>es the importance of the face-to-face<br />
component of the design, where a skilled <strong>in</strong>structor can judge a learner’s capacity<br />
to clarify, confirm, <strong>and</strong> respond to a live <strong>in</strong>terlocutor.<br />
A f<strong>in</strong>al limitation of the course is the lack of community, which precludes any k<strong>in</strong>d<br />
of collaborative learn<strong>in</strong>g or collaborative problem-solv<strong>in</strong>g. In many computermediated<br />
courses an onl<strong>in</strong>e community is developed, with the learners <strong>in</strong>teract<strong>in</strong>g via<br />
discussion boards <strong>and</strong>/or email. Equally, <strong>in</strong> a traditional <strong>English</strong> language classroom,<br />
there is strong focus on <strong>in</strong>teraction <strong>and</strong> use of the target language. However, the<br />
blend of onl<strong>in</strong>e activity <strong>and</strong> one-on-one <strong>in</strong>teraction <strong>in</strong> the BL4 courses is <strong>in</strong> keep<strong>in</strong>g<br />
with the work context <strong>in</strong> which the learners use <strong>English</strong>, <strong>and</strong> therefore enhances the<br />
<strong>in</strong>tended learn<strong>in</strong>g outcome. The focus of the BL4 courses is relatively narrow, i.e. to<br />
achieve Level 5 or Level 6 on the ICAO rat<strong>in</strong>g scale, <strong>and</strong> learners have not expressed<br />
any desire to have <strong>in</strong>creased <strong>in</strong>teraction with<strong>in</strong> their cohort.<br />
Lessons learned <strong>and</strong> advice<br />
In terms of lessons learned, it became apparent dur<strong>in</strong>g the development process that<br />
good onl<strong>in</strong>e design <strong>in</strong>cludes <strong>in</strong>teractive elements on every screen the learner sees.<br />
Whereas traditional book-based programmes can provide explanations <strong>and</strong> examples<br />
followed up by related exercises, onl<strong>in</strong>e design precludes extended expository<br />
material <strong>and</strong> has very def<strong>in</strong>ite real estate limits. Although a supplementary grammar<br />
book was not part of the orig<strong>in</strong>al design concept, it was decided dur<strong>in</strong>g the build<strong>in</strong>g<br />
of the courses to develop this pr<strong>in</strong>t-based material. The extra resource provides<br />
learners with extended explanations of particular grammar po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>and</strong> a range of<br />
exercises to practise <strong>and</strong> re<strong>in</strong>force these.<br />
The supplementary grammar materials can be used as an <strong>in</strong>tervention (prompted<br />
by the learner <strong>and</strong>/or the <strong>in</strong>structor) when a learner is struggl<strong>in</strong>g with a particular<br />
aspect of language, as identified by course performance. It also means that the<br />
<strong>in</strong>structor can recommend directly relevant material to supplement the onl<strong>in</strong>e<br />
course, keep<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> m<strong>in</strong>d the need for language educator resources <strong>and</strong> skills to<br />
be available with<strong>in</strong> client organisations. As noted previously, the course design<br />
should not place unrealistic dem<strong>and</strong>s on the capabilities <strong>and</strong> resources of the<br />
client organisation provid<strong>in</strong>g the tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g.<br />
Another lesson pert<strong>in</strong>ent to <strong>in</strong>ternet-based courses is that the field of onl<strong>in</strong>e design<br />
is dynamic <strong>and</strong> both the hardware <strong>and</strong> software are ever-chang<strong>in</strong>g. Therefore, it is<br />
important to ensure that design decisions, such as us<strong>in</strong>g Flash as the programm<strong>in</strong>g<br />
language for the course, are made with full read<strong>in</strong>ess to move with the evolution<br />
of the technology. This means be<strong>in</strong>g responsive to issues such as the Flash/iPad<br />
compatibility problem, proactively seek<strong>in</strong>g workarounds <strong>and</strong> ensur<strong>in</strong>g that only the<br />
A blended learn<strong>in</strong>g course for the aviation <strong>in</strong>dustry | 145