Blended Learning in English Language Teaching: Course Design and Implementation
Blended Learning in English Language Teaching: Course Design and Implementation
Blended Learning in English Language Teaching: Course Design and Implementation
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The presentations <strong>and</strong> reports participants were expected to give <strong>in</strong> the workplace<br />
had a clearly def<strong>in</strong>ed purpose (to <strong>in</strong>form <strong>and</strong> often to persuade). In addition,<br />
effective delivery <strong>in</strong> both cases depends on accurate analysis of the audience’s<br />
needs. All these aspects helped to build l<strong>in</strong>ks between the two str<strong>and</strong>s of the tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g.<br />
Look<strong>in</strong>g at skills<br />
Success <strong>in</strong> giv<strong>in</strong>g an effective brief<strong>in</strong>g or writ<strong>in</strong>g a report depends on:<br />
■■ Be<strong>in</strong>g organised – organis<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>formation <strong>and</strong> ideas through language to meet<br />
the needs of the audience/reader.<br />
■■ Be<strong>in</strong>g clear – highlight<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>formation, clarify<strong>in</strong>g argument, avoid<strong>in</strong>g ambiguity.<br />
■■ Be<strong>in</strong>g precise <strong>and</strong> exact – dist<strong>in</strong>guish<strong>in</strong>g fact from op<strong>in</strong>ion, avoid<strong>in</strong>g undue<br />
generalisation <strong>and</strong> perhaps an element of hedg<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
■■ Be<strong>in</strong>g economical – us<strong>in</strong>g language <strong>and</strong> present<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>formation with the<br />
audience’s needs <strong>in</strong> m<strong>in</strong>d: neither too much or too little.<br />
Identification of these characteristics produced a happy (if rather corny) acronym<br />
of COPE – clarity, organisation, precision <strong>and</strong> economy – <strong>and</strong> the suggestion that<br />
the course would help tra<strong>in</strong>ees COPE with real-life tasks. The underly<strong>in</strong>g pr<strong>in</strong>ciple<br />
of COPE also helped unify the two str<strong>and</strong>s of tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g.<br />
Choice of face-to-face <strong>and</strong> blended learn<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Quite logically, the real-life differences between oral brief<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>and</strong> written reports<br />
suggested a face-to-face brief<strong>in</strong>gs course <strong>and</strong> an onl<strong>in</strong>e writ<strong>in</strong>g course. I would<br />
argue that presentation skills can only be learned through do<strong>in</strong>g, through tra<strong>in</strong>ees<br />
<strong>in</strong>teract<strong>in</strong>g with peers, provid<strong>in</strong>g evaluations of each others’ performance <strong>and</strong><br />
practis<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> ref<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g these skills through face-to-face <strong>in</strong>teraction. Tra<strong>in</strong>ee<br />
development can only come from with<strong>in</strong> but the presence of the tra<strong>in</strong>er as coach<br />
can provide immediate <strong>in</strong>put <strong>and</strong> act as catalyst. Progress can be rapid <strong>and</strong> can<br />
have a significant impact with<strong>in</strong> a short period.<br />
In real life, report writ<strong>in</strong>g is much more of a reflective, solitary activity <strong>in</strong> which<br />
the report-writer, sometimes with others but often alone, collects, marshals <strong>and</strong><br />
organises data, makes choices <strong>in</strong> grammar <strong>and</strong> lexis to present it <strong>and</strong> manipulates<br />
a range of rhetorical functions to meet the needs of an unseen, if often clearly<br />
def<strong>in</strong>ed, reader. As such, it clearly lends itself to a situation unfold<strong>in</strong>g over time where<br />
tra<strong>in</strong>er <strong>and</strong> tra<strong>in</strong>ee do not work face-to-face. In practical terms, it also clearly met<br />
participants’ needs as the entire course could be completed dur<strong>in</strong>g overseas service.<br />
<strong>Course</strong> design<br />
Effective course design depended on a harmonious comb<strong>in</strong>ation of the two str<strong>and</strong>s<br />
so that one course component complemented rather than supplemented the other<br />
<strong>in</strong> the sense of a ‘good Scotch whisky’ (Isackson, 2002). The IMFRC structure <strong>and</strong><br />
COPE pr<strong>in</strong>ciples unified the course (at the risk of overload<strong>in</strong>g participants with<br />
acronyms) but equally so did the fact that both courses took as their start<strong>in</strong>g po<strong>in</strong>t<br />
the imperative to meet the needs of the audience (the writer/speaker as writer,<br />
<strong>Blended</strong> learn<strong>in</strong>g for <strong>English</strong> for occupational purposes | 149