Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - USGS

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USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park GLOBAL DESCRIPTION Concept Summary: This southeastern forest association, strongly dominated by the alien Ailanthus altissima (tree of heaven), occurs generally on nutrient-rich substrates, in disturbed situations on slopes, urban abandoned lands, and on rocky limestone slopes. Environmental Description: Information not available. Vegetation Description: Information not available. Most Abundant Species: Stratum Lifeform Species Tree canopy Broad-leaved deciduous tree Characteristic Species: Ailanthus altissima (tree of heaven). Other Noteworthy Species: Information not available. USFWS Wetland System: Not applicable. Ailanthus altissima (tree of heaven) DISTRIBUTION Range: Ailanthus altissima (tree of heaven) Forest occurs throughout the Appalachians, the Piedmont, the Interior Low Plateau, eastern Kentucky, and in the Ozarks and Ouachita Mountains, and probably other areas in the northeastern United States. States/Provinces: AR, KY, NC, PA, TN, VA, WV. Federal Lands: NPS (Appomattox Court House, Colonial, Great Smoky Mountains, Natchez Trace); USFS (Ouachita (Mountains)?, Ouachita?, Ozark?). CONSERVATION STATUS Rank: GNA (invasive) (4-Jan-2000). Reasons: This vegetation is dominated by an invasive, alien species and is thus not a conservation priority. CLASSIFICATION INFORMATION Status: Standard. Confidence: 1 - Strong. Comments: Information not available. Similar Associations: Information not available. Related Concepts: Information not available. SOURCES Description Authors: A. S. Weakley. References: Patterson 1976, Southeastern Ecology Working Group n.d., TDNH unpubl. data. 184
USGS-NPS Vegetation Mapping Program Colonial National Historical Park COMMON NAME (PARK-SPECIFIC): COASTAL PLAIN MESIC CALCAREOUS RAVINE FOREST SYNONYMS USNVC English Name: American Beech - Southern Sugar Maple - Chinquapin Oak / Bloodroot Forest USNVC Scientific Name: Fagus grandifolia - Acer barbatum - Quercus muehlenbergii / Sanguinaria canadensis Forest USNVC Identifier: CEGL007181 LOCAL INFORMATION Environmental Description: Coastal Plain Mesic Calcareous Ravine Forest occurs on ravine slopes and on fertile uplands with soils high in base cations. This association is found on north- to northwest-facing slopes and adjacent low interfluves downcut into Tertiary shell deposits or lime sands, including the Pliocene marine shell deposits of the calcium-rich Yorktown Formation. Vegetation Description: Coastal Plain Mesic Calcareous Ravine Forest is a mesic, closedcanopy, deciduous forest of mixed canopy composition. The canopy can be variously dominated by Quercus muehlenbergii (chinkapin oak), Liriodendron tulipifera (tuliptree), Carya cordiformis (bitternut hickory), Quercus alba (white oak), and/or Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum). Other trees that are commonly present include Acer rubrum (red maple), Fagus grandifolia (American beech), Fraxinus americana (white ash), Juglans nigra (black walnut), Quercus rubra (northern red oak), and Ulmus rubra (slippery elm). The majority of stands on the Peninsula of Virginia have Acer barbatum (southern sugar maple) as an important canopy or subcanopy component. Stands typically have dense shrub strata dominated by Asimina triloba (pawpaw) and Lindera benzoin (northern spicebush). Lush herb layers tend to be characterized by patch-dominance of clonal forbs and ferns. Arisaema triphyllum (Jack in the pulpit), Carex blanda (eastern woodland sedge), Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis (broadleaf enchanter's nightshade), Cynoglossum virginianum (wild comfrey), Podophyllum peltatum (mayapple), and Polystichum acrostichoides (Christmas fern) are widespread and abundant herbs. More locally abundant herbs include Adiantum pedatum (northern maidenhair), Actaea racemosa (=Cimicifuga racemosa, black bugbane), Phegopteris hexagonoptera (broad beechfern), and Verbesina virginica var. virginica (white crownbeard). These forests tend to be species-rich with many additional low-cover herbaceous species present such as Sanguinaria canadensis (bloodroot) and Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa (roundlobe hepatica). Most Abundant Species: Stratum Lifeform Species Tree canopy Broad-leaved deciduous tree Carya cordiformis (bitternut hickory), Quercus muehlenbergii (chinkapin oak) Tall shrub/sapling Broad-leaved deciduous shrub Asimina triloba (pawpaw) Characteristic Species: Acer barbatum (southern sugar maple), Carya cordiformis (bitternut hickory), Cercis canadensis var. canadensis (eastern redbud), Quercus muehlenbergii (chinkapin oak), Sanguinaria canadensis (bloodroot). Other Noteworthy Species: Species GRank Type Note Verbesina virginica var. virginica (white crownbeard) - plant VA State watchlist (S3) 185
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Vegetation Classification and Mapping Project Report - USGS

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